Impact of odor hedonics on sensory odor intensity--physiological intensity and sensory intensity

In this study, it is supposed that the human recognition system for odor intensity can be classified into systems of physiological intensity and sensory intensity. The former is the intensity based on the physiological response to olfaction, the latter is the intensity dependent on psychological properties such as odor qualities and odor hedonics. The purpose of this study is to make clear the relationship between physiological intensity and sensory intensity. In this paper, therefore, the quantitative relationships between all physiological intensities of odorous compounds were evaluated in experimental subjects by means of the sensory similarity test, and the impacts of the odor hedonics on the sensory intensity were examined based on the correlations between the measured sensory intensities and the hedonics of all subjects. As a result, it was confirmed that a linear relation was established between the psychological impacting factor alpha, which was the ratio of the sensory intensity to the physiological intensity, and odor hedonics. It was also estimated that methylamine had a maximum physiological intensity and ethyl isobutyrate a minimum one based on the equivalent sensory intensity.     

基于数学形态学的QRS波自聚类方法

以数学形态学为基础,利用加权Hausdorff距离作为心电波形的相似性度量,提出了一种新的QRS波自聚类方法。本文详细介绍了二值图像的Hausdorff距离计算方法、加权Hausdorff距离和基于此的QRS波自聚类方法,并利用MIT-BIH心律失常数据库进行了算法检验。     

基于网络高血压热词的慢病预防策略分析

目的 通过对高血压相关网络大数据舆情的分析,了解新闻媒体和自媒体对高血压关注的程度和焦点,为我国慢性非传染性疾病的防控和宣传教育提供依据。方法 利用计算机网络爬虫和深度挖掘技术所构建的全球健康信息平台,收集2016年1月1日~2016年12月31日国内15 000余个网络媒体中高血压相关的舆情数据。应用文献计量法,词频分析法和内容分析法进行高血压热点分析。结果 获取关于高血压的有效题录为2 611 251条。结果发现：高血压关注热度与发病季节、重大事件和区域发展水平等因素相关;高血压舆情侧重于饮食、营养、临床治疗等方面;世界卫生组织提出的慢性非传染性疾病的危险因素,如：吸烟,酗酒等均未出现在前60位热词中。结论 网络舆情对于高血压的宣传教育不足,建议我国以后的舆情导向应更强调慢性病的一级预防。有效利用网络数据来提高全民健康素养,对促进我国健康事业发展和非传染性疾病的防控有重要意义。     

基于数学模型的海南省区域性灾害医学应急体系构建

拟用灾害医疗应急管理学科和数学学科之间相互交叉的研究思路,采用建立数学模型等多种研究方法,对海南省区域理化脆弱性和社会脆弱性进行评价,寻找降低本区域脆弱性的方法;应用时间序列模型预测灾害预警级别;用概率的方法计算得到各地区时间和空间上应配备的医疗应急所需的医务人员、设备和药品数,并计算出在此基础上发生各种非常规事件时人员被救治的概率,从而达到提前预警和精确动员医疗应急力量的目的.

Abstract：

A multi-disciplinary study is proposed for emergency response management of disaster medical and mathematical discipline in the paper. The authors propose to evaluate the physical and chemical fragility and social fragility of Hainan province to search for methods to minimize local fragility; predict the level of disaster pre-warning using the time sequence model; calculate the medical personnel, equipments and drugs to be deployed at specific time and space by means of the probability method, and calculate on this basis the probability of the number of persons to be rescued against various emergencies. This aims at sending warning in advance and precisely mobilizing resources for medical emergency response.     

Risk of transmission of airborne infection during train commute based on mathematical model

Objective In metropolitan areas in Japan, train commute is very popular that trains are over-crowded with passengers during rush hour. The purpose of this study is to quantify public health risk related to the inhalation of airborne infectious agents in public vehicles during transportation based on a mathematical model. Methods The reproduction number for the influenza infection in a train (R_A) was estimated using a model based on the Wells-Riley model. To estimate the influence of environmental parameters, the duration of exposure and the number of passengers were varied. If an infected person will not use a mask and all susceptible people will wear a mask, a reduction in the risk of transmission could be expected. Results The estimated probability distribution of R_A had a median of 2.22, and the distribution was fitted to a log-normal distribution with a geometric mean of 2.22 and a geometric standard deviation of 1.53, under the condition that there are 150 passengers, and that 13 ventilation cycles per hour, as required by law, are made. If the exposure time is less than 30 min, the risk may be low. The exposure time can increase the risk linearly. The number of passengers also increases the risk. However, R_A is fairly insensitive to the number of passengers. Surgical masks are somewhat effective, whereas High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) masks are quite effective. Doubling the rate of ventilation reduces R_A to almost 1. Conclusions Because it is not feasible for all passengers to wear a HEPA mask, and improvement in the ventilation seems to be an effective and feasible means of preventing influenza infection in public trains.     

高斯多烟团数学模型在职业危害评估中的应用

目的研究应用数学模型计算常见高毒化学品向厂区扩散理论值,并与实际检测值比较,进行职业病危害特征评估。方法以化工槽罐车装车台灌装过程模拟泄漏源,应用高斯变天条件下多烟团数学模型,预测对不利气象条件下泄漏过程中常见苯、甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）等高毒化学品向厂区不同距离处扩散理论值,并与实际检测对比,统计分析两者数值离散情况。结果大气F级稳定度情况,在静小风状态下100—1000m范围内,苯的模拟评估浓度和实测浓度范围分别为6069．1—50．8mg／m2、500．6～1．1mg／m2,TDI的模拟评估浓度和实测浓度范围分别为1203．3—9．8mg／m2、48．00—0．05mg／m。;在小风状态下100—1000m范围内,苯的模拟评估浓度和实测浓度范围分别为25．0—0．3mg／m2、23．5～0．2mg／m2,TDI的模拟评估浓度和实测浓度范围分别为5．90—0．04mg／m2、6．80—0．06mg／m2;且均随泄露源距离增加呈依次递减关系。结论在静小风状态下模拟评估扩散浓度和实测浓度数值离散度较大;在小风状态下模拟评估浓度和实测浓度吻合情况较好,该气象条件下模型适用性较好。     

Prognosis concerning HIV-infection and AIDS epidemic in The Netherlands based on mathematical analysis

In the Netherlands by the 1st of January 1990 1074 AIDS patients have been reported to the Department of the Chief Medical Officer. In the last few years the proportion of intravenous drug users increased and the proportion of homo/bisexual men decreased. After adjustment for the effect of delay in reporting the total number of AIDS patients by 1st January 1990 is estimated to be 1173. It appears that the reporting delay outside Amsterdam is longer than in this city. The time required for doubling of the half-yearly incidence of new AIDS patients (doubling time, dt) increased from 9 months in the beginning of the epidemic to 34 months. It is expected on the assumption of constant dt that 1120 new AIDS patients will be diagnosed in 1990 and 1991 together. The present growth among the homo/bisexual men (dt 34 months) is smaller than the one among the intravenous drug users (dt 23 months). The growth in Amsterdam (dt 36 months) is less than that in the rest of the Netherlands (dt 32 months). Based on the course of the AIDS epidemic the number of HIV infected (including the AIDS patients) is estimated as 9,000-12,000 by the 1st of January 1990.     

Comments on Raynaud syndrome based on laser-Doppler studies

The authors have in their care 286 Raynoud syndrome patients. They present their experience in the study of the microcirculation and the treatment of these patients. In 81% (232 patients, 196 women and 36 men) of the cases they did not find any underlying diseases. In the group of the patients with secondary Raynaud's syndrome (35 women and 19 men) underlying diseases, possibly leading to microcirculatory disturbances, could be identified. In the primary Raynaud's syndrome group the main capillary diameter measured by capillary microscopy was 15 +/- 4 micron. In patients with progressive systemic sclerosis the mean diameter was 43 +/- 9 micron. In the group of women with primary Raynaud's syndrome the authors performed laser Doppler measurements of the nailfold microcirculation. During the reactive hyperaemia test basal values (18.2 +/- 6.2 Perfusin Units, P. U.) and reactive hyperaemia values (a mean of 180% growth compared to the basal values) were similar to that perfusion values referred in the literature. In the progressive systemic sclerosis group the basal flow (9.3 +/- 3.3 P. U.) and the reactive hyperaemia (a mean of 20% increase compared to basal values) were significantly lower. Concerning the fact that the progression of Raynaud's syndrome into systemic autoimmune disease--mainly to progressive systemic sclerosis may be predicted, it is important to follow up carefully all patients with Raynaud's syndrome.     

Longitudinal studies based on vital registration records

We describe here the increased use of routine vital event and census records to construct national follow-up and longitudinal studies. The strengths and weaknesses of these studies are discussed and examples given of their use in research into relationships between employment and mortality and socio-economic differences in mortality.     

Reconciling conflicting clinical studies of antioxidant supplementation as HIV therapy: a mathematical approach

Background

Small, highly reactive molecules called reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in cell signalling and infection control. However, high levels of ROS can cause significant damage to cell structure and function. Studies have shown that infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in increased ROS concentrations, which can in turn lead to faster progression of HIV infection, and cause CD4⁺ T-cell apoptosis. To counteract these effects, clinical studies have explored the possibility of raising antioxidant levels, with mixed results.

Methods

In this paper, a mathematical model is used to explore this potential therapy, both analytically and numerically. For the numerical work, we use clinical data from both HIV-negative and HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs) to estimate model parameters; these groups have lower baseline concentrations of antioxidants than non-IDU controls.

Results

Our model suggests that increases in CD4⁺ T cell concentrations can result from moderate levels of daily antioxidant supplementation, while excessive supplementation has the potential to cause periods of immunosuppression.

Conclusion

We discuss implications for HIV therapy in IDUs and other populations which may have low baseline concentrations of antioxidants.