Functional-aesthetic reconstruction of periorbital fractures and defects

Patients with periorbital defects experience social rejection and psychological impairment as a result of their defect. We have developed a procedure to repair the defect which gives aesthetically and functionally satisfactory results. Infraorbital bony reconstruction and reconstruction of the intraorbital anatomical units are performed as primary surgery; supraorbital reconstruction is done secondarily. We make use of implants made of heath-polymerizing prefabricated polymethyl-methacrylate, and have had satisfactory results.     

A prospective randomised trial of bile duct reconstruction at liver transplantation: T tube or no T tube?

A prospective randomised study of end-to-end bile duct reconstruction with or without T-tube drainage during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) was undertaken in 60 patients well matched for age, sex, aetiology of liver disease, operative blood loss, cold ischaemic time, preoperative serum bilirubin level and Child-Pugh score. Significant biliary complications in the T tube group occurred in five patients and included bile duct stricture (n=2), bile leak/peritonitis (n=1) and cholangitis (n=2). Bile duct strictures occurred in six patients in the no T tube group (P>0.05, NS). Hepatic artery stenosis was identified in one patient from each group in association with a biliary stricture. Biliary complications in both groups were associated with a prolonged graft cold ischaemic time (P<0.01). As no significant difference was noted in the number of early and late biliary complications between the two groups, the routine use of a T tube has been discontinued.     

原位肝移植10例报告

目的总结解放军150医院肝移植的临床经验。方法回顾性分析2001年4月至2004年5月10例临床肝移植的方法及效果。结果本组肝移植病例围手术期死亡1例,手术病死率为10％。并发症：肺部感染3例,腹腔感染2例,腹腔内出血1例,胆漏2例,应激性溃疡消化道大出血1例,左肝外叶坏死1例。手术存活病例9例,其中1例于术后1年死于肝炎爆发,其余病例术后长期存活,最长1例生存期已达3年。结论确保供肝质量是肝移植成功的前提,良好的血管和胆管重建技术是确保肝移植手术成功的关键,正确的术后处理可有效地减少手术并发症的发生。     

Zur Therapie der benignen Choledochusstenose

Zusammenfassung Benigne Choledochusstenosen sind in der Regel einer einfachen Rekonstruktion durch End-zu-End-Naht nicht mehr sinnvoll zugänglich. Um die funktionstüchtige Papille als besten Schutz vor Cholangitis zu erhalten, entwickelten wir zunächst tierexperimentell eine Methode der Gallengangserweiterung durch ein gestieltes Jejunum-Transplantat. Nach erfolgreichem Abschluß der Serie haben wir bisher drei Patienten mit iatrogenen, kurzstreckigen Choledochusstenosen nach dieser Methode operiert, die Patienten sind nach einer Nachbeobachtungszeit von 8–30 Monaten Beschwerdeund symptomfrei.Vortrag gehalten auf der 96. Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie     

An approach to the hepatic hilus with marked fibrosis: A surgical technique for reconstruction of the bile duct with a benign stricture

It is very difficult to approach the hepatic hilus safely in patients with common and/or hepatic bile duct strictures in which normal tissue has been replaced by scarred tissue with firm fibrous adhesions. In this report, we describe how eight patients with benign strictures of the bile duct underwent an operation which involved dividing the superior mesenteric and portal veins from the lower margin of the pancreas in a dorsal direction using a finger in a tunneling technique. The common bile duct, which was buried in scar tissue, was then explored, while the common and/or proper hepatic arteries in the hepatoduodenal ligament were confirmed, after transsection at the superior margin of the pancreas. Biliary reconstruction was successfully performed after resection of the constricted bile duct in all the patients, none of whom have experienced recurrence from 6 months to 5 years after the operation.     

病灶内注射糖皮质激素和口服普萘洛尔治疗眶周血管瘤的回顾性研究

目的比较病灶内注射糖皮质激素和口服普萘洛尔治疗眶周血管瘤的效果。方法从2006年1月至2013年12月,25例眶周血管瘤患者纳入研究,其中16例患者接受糖皮质激素(复方倍他米松注射液)病灶内注射治疗,8名患者接受口服普萘洛尔治疗,1例患者先后接受上述两种治疗。结果所有患者随访6~60个月。在接受激素注射治疗的患者中,13例患者瘤体完全或接近完全消退,3例患者瘤体部分消退。口服普萘洛尔治疗的患者中,8例患者瘤体完全或接近完全消退。1例患者首先接受激素治疗,瘤体无明显变化,然后改用普萘洛尔治疗,瘤体缓慢消退。激素治疗组的不良反应包括局部组织萎缩、溃疡和库欣样症状,分别发生于3例患者。普萘洛尔治疗组仅有1例患者发生轻微腹泻。结论病灶内注射糖皮质激素和口服普萘洛尔治疗眶周血管瘤都能取得很好的疗效。从治疗的有效性和安全性来比较,口服普萘洛尔更具优势,可以推荐为优选治疗方法。但对于不适合普萘洛尔的患者,病灶内注射糖皮质激素仍不失为一个可以选择的治疗方法。     

Necrotizing periorbital cellulitis following septorhinoplasty

The complication of infection after a septorhinoplasty is extremely rare. An unusual occurrence of necrotizing periorbital cellulitis after a routine septorhinoplasty in a 30-year-old pediatrician is presented. It consisted of marked swelling and superficial necrosis of the left eyelids and high fever that started one day after surgery. Hemolytic streptococcus was identified as the causative pathogen. The patient responded well to systemic antibiotics and conservative local treatment. After three years of followup the cosmetic appearance is reasonable.     

Periorbital aesthetic surgery with the KTP laser

The eyes are regarded as the windows to the soul. Many expressions of mood may be derived from the appearance of the eyes—mad, sad, bad, criminal, sweet, friendly, mystic. In addition, love and flirtatiousness, self-consciousness, pride, modesty, anger, youth, and age are shown in the expression of our eyes. The eyes and the periorbital region therefore challenge our surgical skill to improve the patient's overall well-being to be looked at each day in the mirror. The potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser in many indications helps us to fulfill the patient's expectations concerning pain, oozing, bruising, swelling, outpatient surgery, and early return to work and normal social activities. With the cutting fiber device, an accurate removal of skin and fat or even tumors is possible in this region with practically no side effects. The frontal lift, eyebrow lift, direct or through coronal incision, as well as temporal lifting are easily accessible and carried out by this device. Glabellar frowns may also be removed endoscopically. Further, the KTP laser may be used for transconjunctival blepharoplasty.     

肝癌肝中叶切除并胆管重建一例

肝癌的治疗方案是以手术治疗为主的综合治疗,肝切除术仍是最有效的治疗方式.肝癌侵犯胆管时,肝切除术后胆管重建是难点.本文回顾性分析1例肝中叶肝癌侵犯左、右肝管患者的临床资料和治疗过程,旨在探讨该类疾病的手术治疗.     

半肝切除联合血管切除和重建治疗肝门部胆管癌

目的 探讨半肝切除联合血管切除和重建治疗肝门部胆管癌的疗效.方法 本组10例患者分属Ⅲa、Ⅲb、Ⅳ型的肝门部胆管癌,施行右半肝切除+胰十二指肠切除+门静脉右支起始部切除重建1例;右半肝切除+门静脉右支起始部切除重建5例;左半肝切除+尾状叶左侧切除+门静脉左支起始部切除重建+肝动脉切除1例及左半肝切除+尾状叶左侧切除+门静脉左支起始部切除重建3例.结果 10例Ⅲa、Ⅲb、Ⅳ型的肝门部胆管癌患者行半肝切除联合血管切除重建根治联合性手术,无术后死亡.10例患者术后均获随访,1、2、3年生存率分别为50%、30%、20%.结论 采用半肝切除血管切除重建能提高肝门部胆管癌根治性切除率.     

成人胆总管囊肿回盲段间置肝管十二指肠吻合术

为寻求一种良好抗返流的肝肠吻合的方式，在动物试验（狗）的基础上，对4例成人胆总管囊肿行连同囊肿在内的胆总管切除，并行带蒂回盲段间置、肝管十二指肠吻合术。随访5个月至4年，经上消化道钡餐检查无一例间置肠管内返流，而且病人症状全消。提出该术式提供了抗返流的生理性瓣膜，是胆肠吻合中有效的抗返流的较佳术式。     

犬胆管壁的应力-应变性扩张构建宽口径胆管的实验研究

目的 探索短期内以持续渐增的局部胆管内压构建局部宽口径胆管的可行性及形态特征.方法 杂交犬12只随机分配到A、B两组中,A组仅在胆总管内放置胆管扩张器作胆汁外引流,B组在胆总管内放置胆管扩张器引流并分别在手术后的第1、8、15、22天向扩张球囊注水,注水容积分别为0.1、0.15、0.2、0.25 ml,扩张球囊以渐增的压力持续扩张1个月.观察两组手术前后血清总胆红素(TB)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(ALT)及胆管直径(BDD)、胆管壁及肝组织学病理变化、术后X线胆道造影检查.结果 A、B两组扩张前后及组间比较在TB、ALT、AST及肝组织学方面差异不明显;BDD在A、B两组扩张前后及组间比较差异明显;B组胆管壁增厚,管腔增粗,管壁柔韧性好,肝外胆管以扩张处为中心向邻近胆管方向扩张,胆管壁特殊染色示胶原及弹力纤维排列致密,无断裂.结论 以持续渐增的局部胆管内压扩张局部胆管,构建的胆管管壁厚,管腔粗,胆管壁胶原及弹力纤维排列致密.扩张的局部胆管为犬胆管损伤早期胆肠重建及制备宽大的胆肠吻合口创造了条件.     

A gallbladder flap for reconstruction of the common bile duct. An experimental study on pigs

Background/Purpose In this article we investigate whether a gallbladder flap could be used for reconstruction of the common bile duct (CBD), thereby providing drainage via an intact sphincter of Oddi.Methods Eight LWD pigs were used for the experiments. The gallbladder was dissected from its fossa, care being taken not to damage its vessels. The CBD was then displayed and approximately 5mm resected. In two pigs a tube, and in six pigs a sphere, was constructed from the gallbladder falp. Anastomoses wre constructed between the gallbladder flap and the CBD. Blood samples were drawn and on day 10 a laparotomy and an intraoperative cholangiography was performed.Results No pigs showed any sign of biliary leakage and standard liver parameters were not affected by surgery. In the two pigs who had a tube constructed, cholangiography showed extrahepatic stenosis and intrahepatic biliary dilatation. In the six pigs who had a sphere constructed, cholangiography was without any sign of extrahepatic stenosis or intrahepatic dilatation.Conclusion Reconstruction of the CBD by way of a gallbladder flap seems to be a safe procedure to accomplish biliary drainage. This procedure could be of clinical significance for reconstruction of the CBD after resections for benign strictures and tumors, and for reconstruction after blunt or penetrating trauma.     

胆管损伤十二例分析

目的胆管损伤是腹腔镜胆囊切除术最为严重的并发症。最佳的胆道修复措施仍存在争议。本研究旨在评估在武汉市第一医院肝胆专科其术中胆管损伤的发生、修复处理及预后情况。方法单中心回顾性分析2012年1月至2015年12月胆道手术病例3 126例,对12例胆管损伤病例的人群分布、疾病原因、损伤类型、修复方式、中转率、术后并发症、预后结果、医疗纠纷等因素进行分析。结果在3 126例胆道手术中,胆管损伤的总体发生率为0.38%,而腹腔镜胆囊切除术中Strasberg A型以上的损伤率仅为0.17%;依照Strasberg分类,其中A型5例(41.7%),D型3例(25.0%),E1型1例(8.3%),E2型3例(25.0%),均未合并血管损伤。12例胆管损伤主要的疾病性原因为Mirizzi综合征(25.0%)、炎症水肿(25.0%)、迷走胆管(25.0%)和胆囊萎缩(16.7%)。腔镜下简单处理(凝闭、套扎、夹闭或缝闭)6例,中转开腹处理6例(50.0%),其中一期缝合1例、脐静脉修补1例、胆管端端吻合2例、Roux-en-Y肝管空肠吻合2例。术后并发症3例(25.0%),其中DindoClavien分级,2级1例(胆漏)、3a级1例(胆漏并后期狭窄),5级1例(死亡)。胆管损伤处理总体成功率为83.3%,医疗投诉纠纷率为16.7%。结论凭借专科经验的累积,胆管损伤的发生率是可以控制在较低水平的。正确地辨识高危因素、胆道修复医师的专业经验、合理的外科决策对于提高胆道修复的成功率、回避医疗纠纷至关重要。     

合并肝动脉切除重建的肝门部胆管癌根治术

目的观察肝动脉切除重建在肝门部胆管癌治疗中的价值。方法1998年1月至2005年12月计收治125例肝门部胆管癌，其中行肝动脉切除13例，对该资料进行分析。结果在行肝动脉切除13例中，同时合并门静脉切除重建3例，其中部分肝固有动脉＋右或左肝动脉切除联合左或右半肝及尾状叶切除10例，局部切除联合肝固有动脉切除1例，部分肝固有动脉＋右或左肝动脉切除联合扩大左或右半肝及尾状叶切除各1例，肝动脉切除后未重建2例。术后胆肠吻合口漏4例，围手术期肝功能衰竭死亡1例，其余12例病人术后随访4个月至6年，平均20个月，其中最长的1例已存活5年5个月。结论肝动脉切除重建可提高肝门部胆管癌的治愈切除率，改善术后病人预后；肝脏大部切除联合肝动脉切除在中、重度黄疸病人须重建动脉血供。     

Ten-year trend in the national volume of bile duct injuries requiring operative repair

Background The objectives of this study were to determine the national proportions and mortality rate for bile duct injuries resulting from laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) that required operative reconstruction for repair over a 10-year period and to investigate the major factors associated with the mortality rate in this group of patients.Methods Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) of >7 million patient records per year, we extracted and analyzed data for LC during the years 1990–2000. Procedures that involved biliary reconstructions performed as part of another primary procedure were excluded. Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), we used procedure-specific codes that enabled us to calculate national estimates for LC for the time period under review. We then calculated biliary reconstruction procedures that occurred after LC for this cohort of patients. Finally, we analyzed in-hospital mortality, as well as the patient, institutional, and outcome characteristics associated with biliary reconstructions.Results The percentage of cholecystectomies performed laparoscopically has increased over the years for which data are available (from 52% in 1991 to 75% in 2000). Despite this increase, the mortality rate for this group of patients has remained consistently low over the study period (mean, 0.45%; range 0.33–0.58%). Within this group of patients, the average rate of bile duct injuries requiring operative repair was 0.15% for the years under study. The reconstruction rates ranged from 0.25% in 1992 to 0.09% in 1999. For 2000, the most recent year for which data are available, biliary reconstruction was performed in 0.10% of all patients who underwent LC. The average mortality rate for patients undergoing biliary reconstruction for the years 1991 to 2000 was 4.5%. After multivariate analysis, age, African American ethnicity, type of admission, source of admission, and hospital location, and teaching status were all found to correlate significantly with death after-biliary reconstruction.Conclusions These data show an increase in the percentage of cholecystectomies performed laparoscopically over the years under study and an associated low mortality rate. In contrast, although the number of bile duct injuries appears to be decreasing, these procedures continue to be associated with a significant mortality rate.Presented at the annual meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), Scientific Session, Denver, CO, USA, 31 March–4 April 2004