组织蛋白酶D对乳腺癌预后的意义

用免疫组化法检测了55例乳腺癌患者的组织蛋白酶D（CathD）。肿瘤实质CathD阳性者16例（29．09％），间质高表达者26例（47．27％），CathD实质表达与组织学分级低（P＜0．025）、增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）低表达（P＜0．025）相关，与无病生存（P＞0．10）和总生存期（P＞0．10）无显著关系；CathD间质高表达与组织学分级高（P＜0．025）、淋巴结转移（P＜0．025）、PC-NA高表达（P＜0．025）及短的无病生存期（P＜0．005）和总生存期（P＜0．005）相关。提示CathD间质表达能预测复发和总生存期，检测CathD对乳腺癌的辅助治疗可有帮助。     

鼻咽癌组织中组织蛋白酶L的表达及意义

目的探讨鼻咽癌组织中CATL的表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学方法,对45例鼻咽癌和7例正常鼻咽部组织进行CATL检测,并结合临床病理资料进行分析。结果CATL在鼻咽癌组织中阳性表达率为51．1％,明显高于正常鼻咽部组织（14．3％）,恶性程度高及伴有颈部淋巴结转移患者CATL的阳性表达率也较高（70．0％）。结论CATL可作为鼻咽癌恶性表型的标志之一,并可作为鼻咽癌诊断的辅助指标之一。     

组织蛋白酶D在胃癌及癌前病变中的表达及意义

目的：探讨组织蛋白酶Ｄ（ＣＤ）在胃癌发生和转移中的作用。方法：采用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法检测１８例浅表性胃炎、１４例萎缩性胃炎伴肠化、１６例不典型增生及５４例胃癌组织中ＣＤ的表达。结果：除不典型增生外,随着胃粘膜病变程度的加重,ＣＤ阳性表达率呈逐渐增高的趋势,ＣＤ阳性表达率在进展期胃癌显著高于早期胃癌及癌前病变（Ｐ＜０．０５）;ＣＤ表达与胃癌浸润深度。淋巴结转移和临床病理（ＴＮＭ）分期密切相关。结论：Ｃ     

胃癌患者血清和胃组织中锌,铜,铁,钙和镁含量分析

本文采用Perkin-Elmen 306型原子吸收分光光谱法和用Digi-Sense LED pH计直接测定法对31例胃癌患者血清和胃组织中锌、铜、铁、钙和镁的含量进行检测分析。并与20例胃、十二指肠溃疡病和84位健康成人对比。发现胃癌患者血清和癌灶中镁含量分别为非常显著降低(P<0.01)和显著降低(P<0.05)。其降低与癌细胞酵解不显示巴斯德效应而和胃液中pH有关。当镁降低到一定程度时,可反馈抑制糖的酵解。血清中钙和铜含量均显著升高 (P均<0.05)。钙/镁比值增大,此值增大与预后有关。血铜升高可能是应激反应之一。     

胃癌患者T细胞依赖的B细胞体外分化功能的初步研究

本文对26例胃癌患者及19例对照组的外周血淋巴细胞进行体外培养,同时用美州商陆有丝分裂原(PWM)刺激,8天后收集上清液,用ELISA法测上清液内的IgG量,进展期胃癌患者自发分泌IgG量和PWM诱导的IgG量明显减少,PWM刺激指数明显降低,而非晚期胃癌(早、中期及切除后),患者上述指标和对照组无明显差别。这提示晚期胃癌患者存在体液免疫和调节性T细胞的功能缺陷。     

Salt Taste Sensitivity,Physical Activity and Gastric Cancer

Background: Gastric cancer is one of the main health issues in China. The risk factors of the disease arerelated to nutrition and environment. Salt taste sensitivity is the capacity to identify the flavor of salt. Salttaste sensitivity threshold (STST) can influence salt appetite, and it is assumed to have association with gastriccancer. Methods: A 1:2 matched hospital based case-control study including 300 cases with newly histologicalconfirmed diagnosis of gastric cancer and 600 controls that were cancer and gastric diseases free were used. Aself-designed questionnaire was used to collect information dietary and lifestyle habit, and physical activity, andsalt taste sensitivity test was used to measure the STST for all subjects. Conditional logistic regression was usedto calculated Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: An increased risk of gastriccancer is related to the consumption of smoking, drinking, family history of cancer and salted food. Walkingand sports activity [adjust OR=0.69(0.51-0.99) for ≥4 times/week] presented protective effect for gastric cancer.There is a significant positive association between increased STST and gastric cancer, and the adjusted OR was2.05(1.68-2.5). When we used STST≥5 as a cut point, people with STST≥5 were at 5.71 times greater risk ofgastric cancer than those with STST<5. STST showed moderate association with physical activity (Correlationcoefficient =0.22). Cut point of STST ≥5 had a best sensitivity and specificity for predicting gastric cancer riskdetection (sensitivity for 73.67%, specificity for 57%). Conclusion:Salt and salted food intake is association withgastric cancer, while physical activity showed protective effect. A high STST is strong association with gastriccancer risk.     

胃癌干细胞抗原负载的DC -CIK对胃癌细胞的杀伤活性

 目的 探讨胃癌干细胞抗原负载树突细胞（DC）联合细胞因子诱导杀伤细胞(CIK)对胃癌细 胞的影响。方法 分离人胃癌干细胞,冻融法制备抗原,将胃癌干细胞负载DC-CIK细胞,用流式细胞仪检测胃癌干细胞和DC、CIK细胞表型;将胃癌细胞与DC组、DC-CIK组、胃癌细胞抗原组、负载胃癌干细胞抗原组联合培养,用四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法检测不同组别对胃癌细胞的杀伤作用。结果 经胃癌干细胞抗原刺激的DC细胞,DC表面成熟标志CD83和CD86 表达明显增加,CD83 和CD86表达率为80.4%,高于DC组、DC-CIK组和胃癌细胞抗原组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）; MTT检测结果显示：负载胃癌干细胞抗原组、胃癌细胞抗原组、DC-CIK组、DC组对胃癌细胞杀伤率分别为（80.6±0.8）%、（72.3.±0.6）%、（58.4±0.2）%和（49.7±0.8）%,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论   胃癌干细胞作为抗原刺激DC细胞,可增强树突状细胞免疫表达,促进细胞增埴,提高对胃癌细胞的杀伤作用。     

原位杂交法检测组织蛋白酶L在大肠癌中的表达

目的 探讨组织蛋白酶L(cathepsin L,CL)表达与大肠癌发生、发展及浸润转移的关系.方法 应用原位杂交方法检测45例大肠癌组织及其相应的癌旁正常组织中CL mRNA的表达.结果 正常大肠黏膜CL mRNA低表达,大肠癌组织CL mRNA阳性表达率明显高于正常组,两组间相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);DukesC和D级癌表达高于Dukes'A和B级(P＜0.05);CL mRNA阳性表达率在中、低分化癌高于高分化癌.结论 人大肠癌组织CL mRNA呈现高表达,CL与大肠癌的发展、浸润和转移有关.     

uPA、Cath-D蛋白在胃癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨胃癌组织中尿激酶型纤维蛋白溶解酶原激活剂(uPA)和组织蛋白酶D(Cath-D)在胃癌中的表达及其与胃癌临床病理特征的关系。方法运用免疫组化SP法检测68例胃癌组织及31例正常胃黏膜组织中uPA和Cath-D的表达。结果胃癌组织中uPA和Cath-D的表达率分别为69.1%和77.9%,高于正常胃黏膜中uPA和Cath-D的表达率(分别为25.8%和32.3%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);uPA阳性表达与胃癌的浸润深度、淋巴结转移及临床分期有关;Cath-D阳性表达与胃癌的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及临床分期有关;uPA表达与Cath-D表达呈正相关。结论 uPA和Cath-D的表达与胃癌的浸润及转移密切相关,uPA和CATH-D的表达具有协同性。两者的联合检测有助于判断胃癌发展及预后。     

MFAP3L在胃癌中的表达及与PI3K/AKT信号转导通路的关系

 目的：了解微纤维关联样蛋白-3（MFAP3L）基因在胃癌组织中的表达情况并分析其与 PI3K/AKT信号转导通路相关基因间的关系。方法:采用半定量RT-PCR和组织微阵列免疫组化的方法分别检测MFAP3L、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶催化亚基α（PIK3CA）、蛋白激酶B-β（AKT2）及β-半乳糖凝集素-3（Glaectin-3）基因在胃癌组织中mRNA及蛋白表达情况,并通过生物信息学方法预测分析MFAP3L蛋白结构特点。结果:（1）在同一组胃癌组织中,MFAP3L、Glaectin-3及PIK3CA蛋白均表达上调（17/24,70.8%,P=0.022;16/25,64.0%,P=0.017及14/25,56.0%,P=0.045）;PIK3CA与AKT2基因mRNA均表达上调（19/29,65.5％,P=0.001与14/25,56％, P=0.001）。并且MFAP3L与Glaectin-3及PIK3CA间存在共表达。(2) MFAP3L蛋白含有多个磷酸 化位点, 且在胞内区聚集成簇,并具有1个与PI3K的SH3调节区高度同源的蛋白模序。结论: MFAP3L基因在胃癌组织中的表达变化可能与胃癌的发生有密切关系,并可能通过参与PI3K/AKT 通路来参与肿瘤侵袭和转移。     

HDAC6在胃癌组织中的表达及意义

目的 检测胃癌及胃良性病变组织中组蛋白去乙酰化酶6（HDAC6）的表达及其与胃癌的发生及各种临床病理因素之间的关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学方法,检测40例胃癌组织及36例胃良性病变组织中HDAC6的表达,分析其与临床病理因素间的关系。结果 在40例胃癌组织中HDAC6呈高表达的有25例,而在36例胃良性病变组织中呈高表达的仅有10例,两者相比差异均有统计学意义（χ²=9.915,P=0.003）。HDAC6在胃癌组织中的表达与分化程度（χ²=7.116,P=0.022）、临床分期有相关性（r_s=0.442,P=0.001）,相反,HDAC6的表达和其他的临床病理因素无关,如年龄、性别、浸润深度、淋巴结转移。结论 HDAC6在胃癌组织中呈过表达状态,其表达水平可以作为判断胃癌患者恶性程度的一个潜在指标,也可以作为一个预后指标。     

胃癌和HLA

对天津地区31例汉族胃癌病人与147例正常对照者进行了HLA抗原的鉴定和分析.本文结果显示,HLA抗原的频率与胃癌无关联.在胃癌病人和对照组之间,47个特异性抗原的频率,无显著差别(P>0.05).胃癌HLA—B_6的频率为25.81％,而对照组为19.73％,其差别无统计学意义;对照组的HLA—A_9的频率是19.73％,而胃癌病人则为3.23％,这种差别也未达到统计学上的显著水平.     

溶酶体组织蛋白酶L对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞迁移及侵袭的作用

目的 探讨溶酶体组织蛋白酶L（Cathepsin L）是否通过上皮-间充质转化（EMT）影响卵巢癌细胞的侵袭及迁移能力。方法 荧光定量PCR法检测人卵巢癌细胞ES-2、SKOV3、OV1以及OV2中CathepsinL的表达水平;设计并合成靶向Cathepsin L的特异性shRNA,通过脂质体转染法转染Cathepsin L表达最高的卵巢癌细胞SKOV3以构建稳定低表达Cathepsin L细胞株,Western blot和定量PCR法验证shRNA的干扰效率;划痕实验及Transwell法检测干扰后细胞的迁移及侵袭能力,Western blot法检测EMT相关指标E-cadherin和N-cadherin以及其上游信号分子Snail、p-AKT的变化。结果 四株卵巢癌细胞中,SKOV3的Cathepsin L表达水平最高（以此为参照）,而ES-2、OV1以及OV2细胞的表达水平分别为0.72±0.04、0.34±0.03和0.55±0.05。Cathepsin L-shRNA转染SKOV3细胞后,SKOV3/shRNA中的Cathepsin L的表达水平较空白组和对照组显著下降;划痕12 h和24 h后, SKOV3/shRNA组的细胞迁移能力明显受到抑制;SKOV3、SKOV3/Con和SKOV3/shRNA组的穿膜细胞数分别为（93.67±8.62）、（90.33±12.22）、（35.67±4.73）,与对照组相比,SKOV3/shRNA组细胞侵袭能力受到显著抑制（P<0.01）;Cathepsin L干扰组细胞的E-cadherin表达增加,N-cadherin的表达降低;此外,Cathepsin L干扰组细胞的Snail、p-AKT表达较对照组显著下降。结论 Cathepsin L可以促进卵巢癌细胞的迁移和侵袭;其机制可能与调节EMT的上游信号分子Snail、p-AKT有关。提示Cathepsin L在卵巢癌的发生发展中起重要作用。     

Expression of CD44 Variant Exons 8-10 in Gastric Cancer

The expression of CD44 variant containing variant exons 8-10 product (CD44v8-10) was studied by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry in gastric cancers using a monoclonal antibody, 44-IV. On western blots, a single band of 130 kD was recognized in stomach cancer cell lines. CD44v8-10 expression, with reactivity localized in the cell membrane, was found in 65 (33.5%) of the 194 advanced gastric cancers. There was no correlation between CD44v8-10 immunoreactivity and serosal, lymphatic, or lymph node invasion. However, there was significant correlation with CD44v8-10 immunoreactivity and venous invasion. CD44v8-10-positive cancers were more frequently associated with hematogenous metastasis than those which were immunonegative. There was an inverse association between CD44v8-10 immunoreactivity and peritoneal dissemination, especially in diffuse type adenocarcinomas. These observations indicate that CD44v8-10 may play a role in the metastasis of gastric cancer.     

Gastric Cancer in Kashmir

Gastric cancer has been reported to be a highly prevalent malignancy in Kashmir, where together withesophageal cancer it accounts for more than 60% of all cancers, much higher than in other parts of the region.Particular life style habits like consumption of salted tea and tobacco smoking by hukkah, as well as Helicobacterpylori infection, are often mentioned in the context of risk factors. However, the majority of the population doesnot consume alcohol and the prevalence of H. pylori does not appear to explain the high incidence of gastric cancerin the population. Other prevalent habits of gastric cancer patients are presented here along with demographicand tumor details. In future, well designed studies of incidence rates (population based) are essential along withinvestigations of reported and suspected risk factors.     

Antitumor Activity of Chloroquine in Combination with Cisplatin in Human Gastric Cancer Xenografts

Purpose: To investigate the antitumor activity and mechanism of chloroquine (CQ) in combination withcisplatin (DDP) in nude mice xenografted with gastric cancer SGC7901 cells. Materials and Methods: 35 casesof gastric cancer patients with malignant ascites were enrolled and intraperitoneal cisplatin injection wasperformed. Ascites were collected before and 5 days after perfusion for assessment of autophagy levels in cancercells. In addition, 24 tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into control, DDP, CQ and CQ + DDP groups.Results: In 54.3% (19/35) of patients the treatment was therapeutically effective (OR), 5 days after peritonealchemotherapy, 13 patients had the decreased ascites Beclin-1 mRNA levels. In 16 patients who had NR, only 2cases had decreased Beclin-1 (P=0.001). Compared with the control group, the xenograft growth in nude micein the DDP group was low, and the inhibition rate was 47.6%. In combination with chloroquine, the inhibitionrate increased to 84.7% (P<0.01). The LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio, and Beclin1 and MDR1/P-gp expression were decreased,while caspase 3 protein levels increased (P<0.05). Conclusions: Antitumor ability of cisplatin was associated withautophagy activity and chloroquine can enhance chemosensitivity to cisplatin in gastric cancer xenografts nudemice.     

Etiopathogenesis of Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer is a multifactorial and complex malignant disease seen commonly worldwide. It is one of the few malignant conditions in which the etiology involves infectious agents (Helicobacter pylori), but there are many other risk factors incuding high salt intake. Its pathogenesis generally involves interactions between environmental factors and genetic disposition. It is currently onsidered that stem cells may play a central role in gastric cancer development.     

胃液癌胚抗原含量对胃癌的诊断意义

用放射免疫法测定145例胃病患者的胃液和血清癌胚抗原(CEA)。61例良性胃病的胃液和血清CEA含量,均数分别为47.81ng/ml和13.39ng/ml;84例胃癌的胃液和血清CEA含量,均数分别为1,291.62ng/ml和39.32ng/m1。84例中76例(91.7％)胃癌的胃液CEA显著增高,血清CEA水平在84例胃癌病人中仅有32例(38％)升高。结果表明,胃液中cEA测定的明显增值是胃癌辅助诊断的标准之一。     

454例自然人群的3432份胃粘膜活检观察

自胃癌高发区454例自然人群的3432份胃粘膜活检,检出胃癌5例,慢性浅表性胃炎(CSG)67.28％,慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)3.88％,肠上皮化生(IM)14.28％。CSG在胃体部高于窦部,CAG与IM则胃窦部明显高于体部(P<0.05)。支持CAG、IM为癌前状态之观点。     

Changes in Serum and Tissue Carcinoembryonic Antigen with Growth of a Human Gastric Cancer Xenograft in Nude Mice

We established a human gastric cancer xenograft which, when inoculated into nude mice, showed a positive correlation between tumor growth and the serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Serum CEA levels in the mice rose continuously with increasing tumor weight after inoculation, showing a correlation coefficient of 0.96. A positive correlation was also observed between the tissue CEA level and tumor weight, the former increasing along with the latter. Furthermore, the level of serum CEA closely paralleled that of tissue CEA. The serum CEA level fell after tumor extirpation, with a half-life of approximately 86 h. These results suggest that the elevation of serum CEA is attributable to the gain in tumor weight as well as the increase of CEA production in the tumor tissue. Thus, human gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice are a good model for examining the biological role of CEA.