Adhesion and proliferation of human endothelial cells on photochemically modified polytetrafluoroethylene

We studied the adhesion and proliferation of human endothelial cells on photochemically modified polytetrafluoroethylene samples. The polymer surfaces were modified by exposure to the ultraviolet light of a Xe₂^*-excimer lamp at a wavelength of 172 nm in an ammonia atmosphere. Treatment times were between 10 and 20 min. The endothelial cell density was determined 1, 3 and 8 days after seeding by image analysis. Surface modification of the samples resulted in a significant increase in the number of adhering cells and in the formation of a confluent cell layer after 3–8 days. The results were comparable than those obtained on polystyrene Petri dishes, which are used as standard substrates in cell cultivation. Thus modified PTFE appears to be a promising material for the fabrication of artificial vascular prostheses coated with endothelial cells.     

The modulation of attachment,growth and morphology of cancerous prostate cells by polyelectrolyte nanofilms

The behaviour of cancerous epithelial prostatic cells (PC3) growing on polyelectrolytes (PE) coatings was compared to the behaviour of immortalized normal prostatic cells (PNT-2). The cell behaviour was evaluated and quantified in terms of initial cell attachment, growth, metabolic activity, morphometry, adhesion, apoptosis and stress related gene expression. Both the anionic PSS (poly(sodium 4-styrenesulphonate))-terminated surface and cationic PAH (poly(allylamine hydrochloride))-terminated surfaces were not cytotoxic. The initial attachment of cells was better on the PAH-terminated surface compared to fibronectin. However, the proliferation rate of PC3 cells was reduced on the PAH-terminated surface and slightly increased on the PSS coatings. Only PAH prevented the clustering phenotype of PC3 and reduced the number of focal adhesion points as compared to fibronectin or PSS coatings. In contrast, none of the PE surfaces significantly affected the biological responses of PNT-2 cells. PAH-terminating films provide a tool to preferentially modulate the growth of some cancerous phenotypes, in this case as a micro-environment that reduces the growth of metastatic PC3 cells.     

Fabrication of transplantable human oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets using temperature-responsive culture inserts without feeder layer cells

To exclude bacteria- or animal-derived factors from cultured fabrication of transplantable epithelial cell sheets, primary human oral mucosal epithelial cells were seeded on temperature-responsive culture inserts having submicron-scale pores. Supplying culture medium containing human autologous serum to both apical and basal sides of human epithelial cells allows these cells to grow to confluence. These proliferating cells created stratified epithelial layers even when 3T3 feeder layers and fetal bovine serum were eliminated from culture. Normal keratin expression profiles were obtained with these cells, and basal and midlayer cells expressed p63, a putative stem/progenitor marker. These results suggest that temperature-responsive culture inserts can be useful in clinical settings that require the exclusion of xenogeneic factors.     

几种外用中药成份对离体人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖的影响

目的:体外观察几种常用外用中药有关成分对血管内皮细胞增殖作用的影响,初步探讨其对创伤愈合的可能作用。方法:采用MTT比色法观察中药人参皂苷Rg1、Rh1、黄芪多糖、鹿茸多肽、川芎嗪、麝香酮、桂皮醛和乳香水提物对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)增殖的影响。结果:9.75mg/L-2.5g/L的黄芪多糖对HUVEC未表现出增殖促进作用;1.94mg/L-0.5g/L的人参皂苷Rh1促进HUVEC的增殖(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),31mg/L的人参皂苷Rg1抑制细胞增殖(P＜0.05);1mg/L-0.5g/L的鹿茸多肽明显促进HUVEC的增殖,以10mg/L作用最明显(P＜0.01),桂皮醛2g/L时促进HUVEC的增殖(P＜0.05);1g/L的麝香酮明显抑制HUVEC的增殖(P＜0.01);0.5kg/L-2.5kg/L(生药)乳香水提物明显抑制HUVEC的增殖(P＜0.01),抑制增殖率为35.56%-55.56%。川芎嗪0.125g/L-0.5g/L明显抑制HUVEC的增殖(P＜0.01)。结论:益气温阳药物人参(Rh1)、鹿茸(鹿茸多肽)、肉桂(桂皮醛)促进HUVEC增殖;通络活血药物麝香(麝香酮)、乳香(乳香水提物)、川芎(川芎嗪)抑制HUVEC增殖。     

Tissue culture in nephrology: Potential and limits for the study of renal disease

Summary Kidney cells, when isolated and cultivated in vitro, retain differentiated renal properties. Glomerular epithelial and mesangial cells from animal and human kidneys express their normal ultrastructure and the ability for basement membrane biosynthesis. Mesangial cells in culture have been utilized particularly for the study of hormonal tissue receptors, of prostaglandin production, and of their contractile response to various hormonal stimuli.Cells of tubule origin have been a valuable tool for the study of transport mechanisms which, as a consequence of the heterogeneity of nephron functions, can not be assessed in vivo. Ion transport and its structural basis, as well as transport regulation by hormones has been studied in established epithelial cell lines. Induction of ion transport and enzyme activities, and the control of cell proliferation and differentiation has also been succesfully evaluated in cultured epithelia derived from the kidney.Future work will attempt to prepare cell lines from defined nephron segments to study chemical and physical phenomena of renal disease.     

The use of surface immobilization of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 on mesenchymal stem cells to facilitate selectin mediated cell tethering and rolling

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are an important candidate for cell-based therapy since they can be easily isolated and expanded, secrete beneficial paracrine factors, and differentiate into multiple lineages. Since the endothelium at sites of injury and inflammation often express adhesion molecules belonging to the selectin family, methods to endow MSCs with selectin-ligands can enhance the efficacy of cell delivery and tissue engraftment. Here, we describe a construct 19Fc[FUT7⁺], where the first 19 amino acids of the pan-selectin ligand PSGL-1 (P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1) was fused to a human IgG1. When expressed in HEK293T cells over-expressing the α(1,3)fucosyltransferase FUT7, 19Fc[FUT7⁺] is decorated by a core-2 sialyl Lewis-X sialofucosylated O-glycan. The non-covalent coupling of this protein onto MSC surface using palmitated protein G (PPG) enhanced cell binding to E- and P-selectin under hydrodynamic shear, without altering MSC multipotency. MSCs functionalized with 19Fc[FUT7⁺] were captured/tethered onto stimulated endothelial cell monolayers at wall shear stresses up to 4 dyn/cm². Once captured, the cells rolled robustly up to the highest shear stress tested, 10 dyn/cm². Unlike previous work where MSCs could only be captured onto selectin-bearing substrates at low or no-flow conditions, the current work presents a ‘glycan engineering’ strategy to enable leukocyte-like capture and rolling.     

纤维蛋白支架上人羊膜上皮细胞的培养

目的：观察人羊膜上皮细胞（HAEC）能否在体外构建的纤维蛋白支架上良好生长。 方法： 体外构建的纤维蛋白支架，采用倒置显微镜观察，吉姆萨（Giemsa）染色和扫描电子显微镜，观察人羊膜上皮细胞在纤维蛋白支架上生长情况。 结果： 人羊膜上皮细胞在纤维蛋白支架上生长良好，细胞间相互有伪足等多种形式的接触。 结论： 体外构建的纤维蛋白支架与羊膜上皮细胞有组织相容性，纤维蛋白支架可能作为人羊膜上皮细胞的生长载体和胎膜破口的修复材料。     

淋巴管内皮细胞的体外培养与鉴定

目的探讨淋巴管内皮细胞的培养技术与鉴定方法,为开展有关方面的研究提供技术支持。方法取猪的淋巴管内皮细胞进行体外细胞培养,采用免疫组织化学、光镜与透射电镜进行观察。结果猪的胸导管内皮细胞具有一般淋巴管内皮细胞的特征。在细胞消化过程中,应用0.1～1.0mg/mL的多聚赖氨酸喷涂培养皿有利于细胞生长。在培养的细胞中,采用VEGFR-3和LYVE-1因子鉴定淋巴管内皮细胞的方法可靠。综合法纯化淋巴管内皮细胞,获得较纯的内皮细胞。结论猪的胸导管是淋巴管内皮细胞培养的较理想来源;建立了稳定可行的淋巴管内皮细胞的体外培养方法。     

microRNA-34a在低切应力诱导血管平滑肌细胞增殖中的作用

目的探讨micro RNA-34a(mi R-34a)在低切应力诱导血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs)增殖中的作用。方法应用细胞联合培养平行平板流动腔系统对与VSMCs联合培养的内皮细胞(endothelial cells,ECs)施加1.5 Pa正常切应力(normal shear stress,NSS)和0.5 Pa低切应力(low shear stress,Low SS),加载时间为12 h。Western blotting检测联合培养VSMCs的增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)蛋白表达,以此反映VSMCs的增殖能力。实时PCR检测联合培养VSMCs的mi R-34a表达变化。通过Target Scan、mi RWalk等网站预测mi R-34a的下游靶蛋白。Western blotting检测联合培养VSMCs的mi R-34a靶蛋白Forkhead转录因子J2(forkhead box j2,Foxj2)表达。通过mimics和inhibitor转染技术,分别上调和抑制VSMCs的mi R-34a表达,Western blotting检测Foxj2及PCNA的表达变化,验证mi R-34a和Foxj2之间的调控关系。结果与NSS相比,Low SS促进联合培养VSMCs的PCNA表达,并显著上调联合培养VSMCs的mi R-34a表达。通过Target Scan、mi RWalk等网站预测mi R-34a的下游靶蛋白为Foxj2。Low SS加载下联合培养VSMCs的mi R-34a靶蛋白Foxj2表达明显降低。静态条件下上调VSMCs的mi R-34a表达,靶蛋白Foxj2表达明显降低,PCNA表达显著升高;抑制VSMCs的mi R-34a表达,靶蛋白Foxj2表达明显上调,PCNA表达显著降低。结论 Low SS通过调控联合培养VSMCs的mi R-34a和靶蛋白Foxj2,促进VSMCs增殖。研究结果为进一步阐明动脉粥样硬化疾病的发病机制及药物治疗靶标提供新的力学生物学实验依据。     

PGRN基因沉默对人非小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖及迁移的影响

目的:探讨小干扰RNA(small interference RNA,si RNA)介导的颗粒蛋白前体(progranulin,PGRN)基因沉默对非小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖、迁移和凋亡的影响及其机制。方法:分别用q PCR和Western blot法检测A549细胞和正常人支气管上皮(HBE)细胞中PGRN的m RNA和蛋白表达水平。采用脂质体转染法将PGRNsi RNA转染A549细胞,采用q PCR和Western blot法验证PGRN表达的变化;应用MTT实验检测细胞活力;活细胞计数法和结晶紫染色实验检测细胞增殖能力;划痕愈合实验和Transwell实验检测细胞迁移能力;并用Western blot法检测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)、Bcl-2和Bax的蛋白表达水平以及PGRN下游信号通路中细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)和蛋白激酶B(Akt)的磷酸化水平。结果:PGRN在A549细胞中的m RNA和蛋白水平均明显高于HBE细胞(P0.05);转染PGRN-si RNA后A549细胞中PGRN的m RNA和蛋白水平均明显下调,细胞活力、增殖能力以及迁移能力均明显降低(P0.05)。沉默PGRN基因的表达,可下调PCNA、cyclin D1和Bcl-2的蛋白表达,而上调Bax的蛋白表达,且磷酸化的ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)和磷酸化的Akt(p-Akt)的蛋白水平明显降低(P0.05)。结论:PGRN基因沉默能明显抑制非小细胞肺癌A549细胞的增殖和迁移能力,PI3K/Akt和MAPK/ERK信号通路可能在该过程中发挥重要作用。     

Direct cell/cell contact with stimulated T lymphocytes induces the expression of cell adhesion molecules and cytokines by human brain microvascular endothelial cells

Upon inflammation, stimulated, but not resting T lymphocytes cross the blood-brain barrier and migrate into the central nervous system. This study shows that direct contact between stimulated T lymphocytes and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HB-MVEC) induces phenotypic and functional changes on the latter cells. Plasma membranes isolated from stimulated T lymphocytes (S-PM) up-regulated the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin on isolated HB-MVEC. In addition, HB-MVEC activated by S-PM secreted interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. The levels of ICAM-1, E-selectin, IL-6, and IL-8 expressed in S-PM-activated HB-MVEC were similar to those observed with 1000 U/ml tumor necrosis factor (TNF). In contrast, VCAM-1 expression was 15% of that induced by TNF. Inhibitors of TNF diminished (≤ 45 %), but did not abolish the expression of cell adhesion molecules and IL-6 induced by S-PM, IL-8 production being insignificantly affected (≤ 10 %). This suggests that membrane-associated TNF was partially involved in HB-MVEC activation. The present study demonstrates that stimulated T lymphocytes are able to activate HB-MVEC upon direct cell contact. This novel mechanism of inducing the expression of cell adhesion molecules may prompt the initial adhesion of stimulated T lymphocytes to brain endothelium.     

Function of CD23 in the response of human B cells to antigen

Co-ligation of antigen receptor and complement receptor 2 (CD21) in the B cell membrane is important in the immune response to T-dependent antigens. Four CD21 ligands have so far been identified, but only the activated products of the third component of complement (C3) are known to augment the immune response to specific antigens. The most recently discovered ligand for CD21 is CD23. We have generated a CD32⁺ CD23⁺ fibroblast cell line which presents a surrogate antigen (anti-IgM) to human tonsil B cells in vitro. Incubation with these cells causes a 10- to 100-fold reduction in the threshold concentration of anti-IgM required for B cell proliferation. Anti-CD19 further enhances the response to antigen and induces proliferation in the absence of anti-IgM. Addition of soluble CD21 totally inhibits the effect of CD23, suggesting that CD21 mediates synergistic signaling by CD23.     

佛手柑内酯对双氧水诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞衰老的影响

BACKGROUND: The effective treatment of traditional Chinese medicine can alleviate the aging of endothelial cells. Traditional Chinese medicine is difficult to extract, and in contrast, Bergapten is cheap and easily purified, but its antisenescence is little reported. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Bergapten on H2O2-induced senescence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. METHODS: Human umbilical vein cell aging model was induced by H2O2, and pretreated with 0.1, 1 and 10 μmol/L Bergapten, respectively. Expressions of pRb, pAmpk, pS6, LC3-II, and Beclin-1 protein in each group were detected by western blot assay, and the number of aging cells and pS6-positive cells was determined by β-galactosidase staining and immunofluorescence, respectively. ESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After Bergapten pretreatment, pS6 and pRb protein expressions were significantly downregulated, and the number of cells positive for β-galactosidase and pS6 was significantly decreased, while protein expressions of pAmpk, Beclin-1and LC3-II were significantly increased (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that Bergapten is able to delay the H2O2-induced aging of human umbilical vein endothelial cells 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

Effect of serum and platelet-rich plasma on human early or advanced degenerative meniscus cells

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the migratory, proliferating, and extracellular matrix (ECM) forming effect of human serum (HS) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on meniscus cells derived from human knees with early or advanced degenerative changes. Materials and Methods: Medial menisci from knees with early degenerative changes (n = 5; mean Kellgren score of 1) undergoing arthroscopic meniscal surgery and advanced degenerative changes (n = 5; mean Kellgren score of 4) undergoing total knee replacement were collected. Cell migration and proliferation upon stimulation with HS and PRP were assessed by migration and proliferation assays. Induction of meniscal ECM was evaluated histologically by hematoxylin and eosin, collagen type I, and alcian blue staining and by gene expression analysis of meniscus-related genes in pellets that have been stimulated with 10% HS or 5% PRP. Results: Meniscal cells from knees with early and advanced degenerative changes were significantly attracted by 2.5%–30% PRP or 10% HS. Cell proliferation was significantly increased upon stimulation with 10% HS or 5% PRP. Both cell groups showed the formation of a well-structured, meniscus-like ECM after stimulation with 10% HS, whereas stimulation with 5% PRP led to inhomogeneous, more fibrous ECM. Stimulation with 10% HS showed a significant induction of aggrecan and COMP, while 5% PRP showed no inducing effect. Conclusions: Only stimulation with HS showed the formation of meniscal ECM as well as cell proliferating and migratory effects on meniscal cells derived from knees with early or advanced degenerative changes. Thus, we suggest that the selected stimulating factor itself and not the status of the knee may primarily affect repair processes. HS may have a potential to augment in meniscal repair procedures.     

Norrin基因对人视网膜微血管内皮细胞增殖和周期的影响

目的：体外培养并鉴定人视网膜微血管内皮细胞（HRCECs），并探讨Norrin基因高表达对HRCECs增殖和周期的影响。方法： 体外分离、培养并鉴定人视网膜微血管内皮细胞，抗第Ⅷ因子相关抗原抗体鉴定细胞。利用脂质体lipofectamine 2000将AP-3myc-hNorrin/pRK5质粒转染HRCECs，RT-PCR、免疫组化和Western blotting方法检测Norrin/myc的表达确定转染效率。采用MTT法测定转染后细胞的增殖能力，流式细胞术分析其细胞周期变化。结果： 所培养的细胞第Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫组化为强阳性。AP-3myc-hNorrin/pRK5质粒转染后 24 h，RT-PCR显示实验组Norrin表达水平明显高于阴性对照组(P<0.01)。转染后48h免疫组化及Western blotting均显示实验组细胞Myc表达强于阴性对照组。MTT法显示细胞增殖高于对照组，细胞周期检测示实验组G2期细胞高于阴性对照组，P<0.01。结论：脂质体能成功转染AP-3myc-hNorrin/pRK5进入HRCECs。Norrin高表达能促进HRCECs的增殖，并促进细胞DNA合成，提示Norrin在视网膜血管生成过程中可能具有重要作用。     

表达人膜辅助因子蛋白基因的猪内皮细胞可抑制人血清补体的细胞毒作用

目的研究转染人膜辅助因子蛋白基因的猪内皮细胞抗补体的细胞毒作用。方法从人胎盘组织提取总ＲＮＡ,用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术扩增得到人膜辅助因子蛋白（ｈＭＣＰ）基因全长ｃＤＮＡ,将其克隆到带有巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）ＩＥ启动子的ｐＣＩ－ｎｅｏ哺乳动物表达载体和以ｐＣＩ－ｎｅｏ为基础构建成的带有人ＥＦ－１α启动子的ｐＥＦ－ｎｅｏ哺乳动物表达载体上,得到质粒ｐＣＩＭ和ｐＥＦＭ。利用电穿孔基因转移方法分别转染猪内皮细胞（ＰＥＣ）,以Ｇ４１８筛选稳定表达克隆。用正常人血清处理此转基因细胞来检测其抗补体作用。结果Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明,在ＥＦ－１α启动子引导下的ｈＭＣＰ基因得到了高效表达。死细胞计数和ＬＤＨ释放实验结果表明,表达ｈＭＣＰ基因的ＰＥＣ可有效抑制人血清补体对其的裂解作用（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论克隆的ｈＭＣＰ基因在ＥＦ－１α启动子引导下于ＰＥＣ可高效表达,且使ＰＥＣ能够抗人补体的细胞毒作用。     

Biological role of Ep-CAM in the physical interaction between epithelial cells and lymphocytes in intestinal epithelium

The mucosal epithelium including intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) provide a first line of defense in the gastrointestinal tract. However, limited information is currently available concerning the nature of the physical interaction molecule that interconnects IECs and IELs. Among the several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated by immunizing porcine IECs, mAb (5-15-1) was shown to strongly react with IELs in addition to IECs. MALDI-TOF-MS and tandem MS analysis suggested that the antigen belongs to a family of human homophilic epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM). The amino acid sequence of porcine Ep-CAM showed 82.8%, 78.1%, and 76.8% homology compared to human, mouse, and rat Ep-CAM. Moreover, 5-15-1 specifically reacted with transfectant of porcine Ep-CAM. These data suggest that the Ep-CAM may act as a physical homophilic interaction molecule between IELs and IECs at the mucosal epithelium for providing immunological barrier as a first line of defense against mucosal infection.     

Proliferation of reactive and neoplastic human tissue mast cells. An immunohistochemical study using the antibody PC10 (anti-PCNA)

Studies on the proliferative compartment of human tissue mast cells (MCs) and their tumours (mastocytosis) have not been performed. We have used the monoclonal antibody PC 10 to study MCs in reactive or hyperplastic states (chronic non-specific lymphadenitis, n = 10; benign and malignant solid tumours, n = 5) and in the various subtypes of mastocytosis (urticaria pigmentosa, n = 22; solitary mastocytoma of the skin, n = 7; systemic mastocytosis; n = 8; malignant mastocytosis, n = 4). The identification of PC10-positive MC nuclei was achieved by double staining. We found no PC10-positive MCs in reactive or hyperplastic states, or in 14 of 22 cases of urticaria pigmentosa. PC 10-positive MCs could be identified in all other mastocytoses but mostly in very low numbers. The mean percentages of PC10-positive MCs amounted to 0.5 in eight positive cases of urticaria pigmentosa, 1.2 in mastocytoma, 0.7 in sytemic mastocytosis, and 4.0 in malignant mastocytosis. The difference between the latter form of mastocytosis and each of the other subtypes proved to be significant (P<0.05). The very smali proliferative compartment in the cutaneous and sytemic variants of mastocytosis is in accord with their favourable prognosis Most of the patients with systemic mastocytosis in the present study are all alive and well up to 12 years after diagnosis. In contrast, most of the patients with malignant mastocytosis died within 1 year of diagnosis.     

转染Kv1.5基因抑制人气道平滑肌细胞的增殖

 目的：转染Kv1.5基因对人气道平滑肌细胞(HASMCs)增殖及凋亡的影响。方法:通过脂质体介导瞬时转染Kv1.5基因于培养的HASMCs中，以转染空载体pRc/CMV的细胞及未转染质粒的细胞为对照；用Western blotting 检测平滑肌细胞Kv1.5蛋白表达；用荧光光度法检测HASMCs胞内钙浓度；用流式细胞术观察细胞周期；用MTT法检测HASMCs 增殖及DNA 末端转移酶介导的原位缺口末端标记技术(TUNEL)检测细胞的凋亡。 结果: (1) 转染质粒组Kv1.5蛋白质的表达明显高于未转染组及空载体转染组(P<0.01); (2) 转染质粒组细胞胞内钙浓度明显低于未转染组及空载体转染组(P<0.05)，且其细胞周期中的G₀/G₁期细胞比例明显高于、细胞增殖率显著低于未转染组及空载体转染组(P<0.01)；同时，转染质粒组细胞的凋亡率明显高于未转染组及空载体转染组 (P<0.01)。 结论: 转染Kv1.5基因能抑制HASMCs的增殖、促进其凋亡，为进一步探讨哮喘气道重塑的机制及其治疗提供实验依据。     

Asymmetric uptake of sepiapterin and 7,8-dihydrobiopterin as a gateway of the salvage pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis from the lumenal surface of rat endothelial cells

Rat aortic endothelial cells were cultured on a porous membrane to form a monolayer sheet. They efficiently accumulated tetrahydrobiopterin (BH₄) by uptake of sepiapterin but did so only moderately by uptake of dihydrobiopterin. The endothelial cell sheet preferentially took up the pterins from the apical side. Accordingly, a dense accumulation of ENT2-like immunoreactivity was visualized on the apical surface of the cell sheet. The findings suggest that vascular endothelial cells receive BH₄ precursors directly from the blood stream rather than from ablumenal tissues.