大学毕业生应激性事件、个性、社会支持与心境的关系

目的：考察应激件事件、个性、社会支持对大学毕业生心境的作用。方法：采用修订后的简明心境量表（BPOMS）、自编的大学毕业生应激性事件问卷（CSSQ）和艾森克人格问卷简式版（EPQ—RSC）等测量工具对1221名大学毕业生的心境状况及其影响因素进行评定，并通过结构方程模型的方法考察它们之间的关系。结果：应激性事件对大学毕业生的负性心境有较多的直接作用，而对活力状态作用较小，多通过问接途径产生。社会支持对大学毕业生的负性心境多通过个性的间接途径产生，且影响较小，而对活力状态具有重要作用。个性是应激性事件、社会支持与心境状态的重要中介因素。结论：应激性事件和社会支持分别是负性心境和活力状态的重要影响因素，个性是它们的中介因素。     

乳腺癌与良性病患者人格、情绪适应和心境比较

目的 探讨乳腺癌患者的人格倾向以及确诊前的情绪适应和心境特点。方法 确诊前以艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）、癌症病人情绪适应问卷（MAC），简明心境问卷（BPOMS）测查乳腺病就诊者的人格、情绪适应以及心境状况，将其中42名乳腺癌患者与60名乳腺良性疾病患者比较。结果 乳腺癌患者的外向人格分数明显高于乳腺良性痰病患者（P〈0．01）；乳腺癌患者的宿命情绪适应分数明显高于乳腺良性痰病患者（P〈0．01）。结论 乳腺癌患者具有外向人格特点，确诊前具有高宿命情绪适应特点。     

Induction and reversal of depression, anxiety, and hostility

Anxiety, hostility, and depression were induced and reversed by use of the Velton (1968) Mood Induction Procedure. Forty subjects were assigned randomly to one of four induction groups: Anxiety, Depression, Hostility, or Neutral. Mood states, measured by the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL) were obtained before induction, after induction, and after reversal of moods. All mood induction treatments increased levels of all moods, but did not differentially increase a specific mood. Induced moods were reversed by using statements opposite to the induction ones. Mood induction was not correlated with previously administered Internal-External Locus of Control and Profile of Mood States questionnaires, but a high baseline MAACL score was correlated with low mood induction. Questions amenable to future research were raised.     

Personality traits, coping styles, and mood in patients awaiting lumbar-disc surgery

The objective of this study was to characterize personality traits, coping styles, and mood state in patients with lumbar-disc disorders. In two studies (N = 112; N = 84) patients expecting lumbar-disc surgery were compared to patients awaiting another kind of surgery. Personality traits and coping styles were assessed with a personality inventory (FPI-R) and a stress-coping questionnaire (SVF). Mood was measured several times before surgery using a multidimensional self-report inventory [BSKE (EWL)]. The same inventory was used by anesthetists to rate the patient's mood. Heart rate and blood pressure also were measured. The groups did not differ with regard to personality traits, coping styles, self-reported mood state, or somatic variables. The physicians rated lumbar-disc patients as being in a better mood than control patients. Significant correlations between self-ratings and physician ratings were not observed. The results characterize lumbar-disc patients as a subgroup that is not different from other surgery patients and, therefore, does not need a specific form of psychological management prior to surgery. The importance of using patients expecting another type of surgery as a control group rather than healthy individuals is clearly demonstrated.     

Emotional states and pain: Intraindividual and interindividual measures of association

The present study investigated the correlation between cancer pain severity and mood states, and addressed methodological issues involved in measuring the association between these groups of variables. Five monthly interviews were administered to 95 cancer pain patients; each interview contained four measures of pain severity and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). The relationships between the two sets of variables were assessed using both interindividual (cross-sectional) and intraindividual (within-subject) methods of correlational analysis. Both types of analyses suggested small but significant positive correlations between the pain measures and negative mood states, and inverse correlations between pain and positive mood. The data also indicated that patients reported high levels of pain but reported little mood disturbance. In addressing methodological issues, the study clarified conceptual and computational differences between the two types of correlational analyses and indicated the appropriate applications of each method.     

Lack of impact of repetitive High Frequency Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on mood in healthy female subjects

BACKGROUND: High Frequency repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (HF-rTMS) is currently used as an experimental tool to induce mood changes in normal volunteers and as a treatment option for depression. However, HF-rTMS, mostly performed on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), has yielded divergent results and effects on mood which seem to be oppositely lateralized between these two groups. The inconsistent results that have been reported might be explained by methodological heterogeneity and drawbacks. METHODS: In this sham-controlled, single blind, crossover study, we tried to reproduce previous HF-rTMS findings of a negative mood induction in 28 healthy female subjects. To exclude individual anatomical differences, the left DLPFC was localised under magnetic resonance guidance (MRI). Mood assessment was performed before and just after HF-rTMS with Visual Analogue Scales and the Profile of Mood States. To detect possible delayed mood changes, ratings were also performed 30 min post HF-rTMS. RESULTS: We were unable to demonstrate significant mood changes from baseline after one single active HF-rTMS session on the left DLPFC. CONCLUSIONS: Although this study controlled for several methodological problems, the hypothesis that one single session of HF-rTMS on the left DLPFC has negative mood effects in healthy female volunteers was not supported.     

Assessment of alcoholics' moods at the beginning and end of a hospital treatment program

The Profile of Mood States was administered weekly to 122 completers and 91 noncompleters of a hospital alcohol rehabilitation program. Ss initial mood scores were not significant predictors of whether they would complete the program or of whether they would attain abstinence or show improvement in drinking practices at 3-month follow-up. When Ss left the program their final mood scores indicated significant improvement in mood states compared to their initial scores. Completers who later were found to be abstinent showed a trend toward affective improvement on all 6 Profile scales. It is suggested that assessment of an alcoholic's mood can contribute to formulation of treatment plans.     

Effects of positive and negative reinforcement on daily living skills in chronic psychiatric patients in community residences

The effects of contingent positive and negative reinforcement on adaptive behavior and mood were examined in a sample of 36 chronic, psychiatric outpatients. Group 1 received contingent positive token reinforcement to improve daily living skills, group 2 received a negative reinforcement procedure based on removal of free-tokens, and group 3 was a no-treatment control. Subjects were assessed via a weekly daily living checklist and were pre- and posttested on the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Significant differences were found between the control and treatment groups on both total activities of daily living and among five individual targeted behaviors. Mood states did not differ among the groups, which indicates benign effects of negative reinforcement. The findings of this study are relevant to the treatment of the serious and persistently mentally ill.     

国有企业职工的压力与心境状态调查

目的 :研究国有企业职工的压力及心境状态特征。方法 :采用自编的社会应激事件调查量表和简明心境状态量表 ,抽取某国有企业集团 4 74 5名职工进行问卷调查。结果 :不同群体的国有企业职工压力和心境状态得分不同。管理人员组的压力总分显著高于一般职工组和下岗职工组。压力总分与心境状态得分之间呈现显著正相关。结论 :国有企业职工的压力水平和心境状态在不同群体中存在差异 ,承受的压力对心境状态有一定的影响     

Psychological and mood disturbance associated with the diagnosis and treatment of testis cancer and other malignancies

Eighty-seven men with testis cancer (TC) and 35 men with other cancers (OC) completed measures of mood (Profile of Mood States) and of personality and psychopathology (Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory). Effects of primary disease, phase of diagnosis and treatment, locoregional vs. cytotoxic treatment, age, and marital status on these measures were examined. TC patients appeared more distressed during treatment, particularly during cytotoxic as compared to locoregional treatment, than before or after treatment, and more distressed than OC patients. Being married appeared to buffer the stress of cancer and its treatment. Although treatment, particularly cytotoxic therapy, appeared to result in transient distress, results did not offer strong evidence that cancer and its treatment typically precipitate severe psychopathology.     

睡眠剥夺对值班医生情绪的影响

目的：研究一夜睡眠缺失及恢复睡眠后对外科值班医生情绪的影响。方法：采用简明心境量表、状态焦虑问卷及斯坦福困倦量表，对23名外科医生进行值班前后及恢复一夜睡眠后情绪变化的研究。结果：外科医生在值班后，负性情绪增加，正性情绪减少，其中以愤怒-敌意、疲惫-惰性、困惑-迷茫、有力-好动为显著；焦虑和困倦程度增加；恢复1d后，负性情绪有所减少，但同值班前相比，有所增加，以疲惫-惰性为显著。结论：医生在值夜班后负性情绪增加，正性情绪减少。恢复睡眠后有所恢复。     

Long-term effects of provided low and high glycemic load low energy diets on mood and cognition

Energy-restricted low glycemic load diets are being used increasingly for weight loss. However, the long-term effects of such regimens on mood and cognitive performance are not known. We assessed the effects of low glycemic load (LG) and high glycemic load (HG) energy-restricted diets on mood and cognitive performance during 6 months of a randomized controlled trial when all food was provided. Subjects were 42 healthy overweight adults (age 35 ± 5 years; BMI 27.8 ± 1.6 kg/m²) with a mean weight loss of 8.7 ± 5.0% that did not differ significantly by diet randomization. Mood was assessed by using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. Cognitive performance was assessed by using computerized tests of simple reaction time, vigilance, learning, short-term memory and attention, and language-based logical reasoning. Worsening mood outcome over time was observed in the HG diet group compared to the LG for the depression subscale of POMS (p = 0.009 after including hunger as a covariate). There was no significant change over time in any cognitive performance values. These findings suggest a negative effect of an HG weight loss diet on sub-clinical depression but, in contrast to a previous suggestion, provide no support for differential effects of LG versus HD diets on cognitive performance.     

Personality as a determinant of social functioning in depression

BACKGROUND: The Social Adaptation Self-Evaluation Scale (SASS) is an instrument for measuring drive-based aspects of social functioning and has been used in trials of antidepressants. It has been suggested that social adaptation may be akin to a personality trait. We investigated the personality dimensions of neuroticism and extraversion as determinants of social functioning measured by SASS in patients with depression. METHODS: Patients seen at a tertiary mood disorders unit were assessed using SASS, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-Self-Rated (IDS-SR) and Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ). RESULTS: In a sample of 80 depressed outpatients, we found that extraversion made the largest unique contribution to social functioning followed by self-rated severity of depression. Neuroticism and other clinical and demographic variables were not significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Social functioning as measured by SASS is predicted by extraversion and severity of depression. Personality traits should be taken into account when assessing social functioning in depression.     

大学毕业班学生应激性事件的特点

目的:探讨大学毕业班学生应激性事件的特点及其与心境的关系。方法:采用自编的大学毕业班学生应激性事件问卷和修订后的简明心境状态量表在2个时点对该群体的应激性事件及心境进行测评。结果: 学习压力在学生毕业前4个月比毕业前10个月时显著减少(P<0.01),而求职压力却显著增加(P<0.01)。学习压力始终为大学毕业班学生前两位的应激源,求职压力只是毕业前4个月时的重要应激源。考研组的学习压力始终较高,而求职压力相对较低。毕业班学生的活力状态逐渐下降,组间差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:学习压力是大学毕业班学生持久且重要的应激源,而求职压力的作用时间较短。组别不同的大学毕业班学生在应激性事件及心境状态上均有所差异。     

Measuring Depression in African American Cancer Survivors: The Reliability and Validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Study--Depression (CES-D) Scale

The Center for Epidemiologic Study-Depression (CES-D) Scale has been used to assess levels of depressive symptomatology in cancer survivors but has not been validated in African American cancer survivors. The current study assessed the reliability and validity of the CES-D in 216 African American cancer survivors. A Cronbach alpha was calculated to determine internal consistency reliability, and correlations were computed between the CES-D and other measure of mood states (Profile of Mood States-Short Form and Bradburn Positive and Negative Affect Scales) to assess concurrent validity. The CES-D demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (= .90), and the concurrent validity was supported by significant correlations with other measures of mood states. These analyses indicate that the CES-D is a reliable and valid measure for use with African American cancer survivors. The mean CES-D score (M = 15.7, SD = 11.89) further suggests that this sample of African American cancer survivors exhibit significant levels of depressive symptomatology.     

情绪状态及认知情绪调节策略与大学生网络游戏成瘾的关系

目的:探讨情绪状态,认知情绪调节策略与大学生网络游戏成瘾的关系。方法:用简明心境量表、认知情绪调节问卷对55名成瘾大学生和342名正常大学生进行调查。结果:情绪状态上,网络游戏成瘾者抑郁-沮丧,疲惫-惰性,困惑-迷茫显著高于正常组(P<0.05);认知情绪调节策略上,成瘾者多用灾难化和责备他人(P<0.01),较少用关注计划、积极重评、视角转换(P<0.01);成瘾者的消极情绪状态与少数调节策略存在显著正相关;责备他人、疲劳-惰性、有力-好动是成瘾的危险因素(OR=1.620,1.183,1.111)。结论:不良心境状态和消极的认知情绪调节策略是大学生网络游戏成瘾的危险因素。     

Effects of mood induction on ratings of self and experimenter

The relationship between depressed mood and subject's trait ratings of self and experimenter was examined. Mood was induced by having subjects (N = 31) view a depressing or control film. Subjects then rated themselves and the experimenter on personality traits related to supportiveness and general ability. Measurement of subject's mood indicated that the mood induction was effective. "Depressed" individuals rated themselves more negatively on the combined personality traits than did controls. "Depressed" individuals rated the experimenter more negatively for supportiveness traits, but slightly more positively for general ability traits than did control subjects. Results are discussed in terms of research on the effects of depression on self-devaluation and support seeking.     

Appraisal of mood and personality during hypoglycaemia in human subjects.

This study used the biological model of experimental hypoglycaemia to examine the effect of a manipulation in mood-state on appraisal. Controlled hypoglycaemia was achieved using the hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp technique. Mood, appraisal, and personality traits were assessed using well validated questionnaires. Our findings 1) reaffirm the existence of multiple arousal systems in the generation of moods, 2) show that the induction of a negative mood state does lead to more negative appraisals of a life situation, and 3) show that personality traits remain stable during the experience of negative emotions and cognitions. We conclude that hypoglycaemia, by inducing a state of tense tiredness in some individuals, may lead to more negative appraisals of a life situation but does not alter people's reporting of behavioural dispositions.     

身心因素与肠易激综合征患者生活质量的相关研究

目的调查肠易激综合征(IBS)患者生活质量状况并评估躯体及心理因素对它的影响。方法采用肠易激综合征生活质量量表(IBS-QOL)、临床症状问卷、艾森克人格问卷简式(EPQ-RSC)、简明心境问卷简式(POMS-SF)、医学应对问卷(MCMQ)对120例IBS患者进行测查,将IBS患者的心理健康水平(人格、情绪、应对)及躯体症状(肠道症状、肠外症状、睡眠障碍)与IBS患者生活质量进行相关分析。结果IBS患者IBS-QOL的8个因子和总分均显著降低(P<0.05),其中健康忧虑和饮食限制降低最为明显,除IBS症状外,肠外症状、睡眠障碍、精神心理异常在IBS患者中也很常见。心理因素中EPQ-RSC神经质(N)分、POMS中焦虑、抑郁等多项因子分及总分、MCMQ屈服积分与IBS-QOL总分呈负相关;躯体因素中IBS症状、肠外症状、睡眠障碍积分与IBS-QOL总分呈负相关。结论肠易激综合征患者的生活质量明显降低,除躯体症状外,心理功能失调也是决定患者生活质量的重要因素。     

Relationship of negative mood with prefrontal cortex activity during working memory tasks: an optical topography study

Mood has a substantial impact on cognitive functions. Although studies have shown that the interaction between mood and cognition is mediated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC), little is known about how naturalistic mood in everyday life is associated with PFC activity during cognitive tasks. We investigated whether inter-individual variation in perceived mood under current life situations (recent week) is related to PFC activity during working memory (WM) tasks in healthy adults. Levels of positive and negative moods were quantified with the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. PFC activities during verbal and spatial WM tasks were measured by optical topography (OT), a non-invasive low-constraint neuroimaging tool, to minimize experimental intervention in participants' moods. Group-average analysis showed significant activations in the bilateral dorsolateral PFC in both WM tasks. Correlation analysis revealed that the participants reporting higher levels of negative moods showed lower levels of PFC activity during the verbal WM task but not during the spatial WM task. This relationship was significant even after controlling for possible confounding factors such as age, gender, and task performance. Our results suggest that verbal WM is linked with naturalistic negative mood and that the PFC is involved in the mood-cognition interaction in daily circumstances.