中药玄明粉内服清洁洗肠的应用研究

目的：探讨中药玄明粉口服清洁洗肠在腹部X线检查的应用价值。方法：对70例患者随机分2组：治疗组服玄明粉15．0g与对照组服番泻叶15．0g，进行临床与X线对比分析。结果：治疗组服药后6-8h肠道清洁率达100％。很少有残留肠气，结肠双重造影优良率达90％以上，轻微上腹不适只有8．6％。对照组服药后6-12h肠道清洁率30％，100％有不同程度肠气存留，结肠双重造影优良率60％，80％有不同程度胃肠反应。结论：玄明粉具有良好的导泻作用，清洁效果满意，剂量少，服用方便，安全、副作用少，深受患者青睐。我们认为是一种较好、安全、简便的肠道清洁剂。     

自然气体引入技术在上消化道双对比造影中的应用价值

目的 :探讨一次性气钡发生器进行上消化道双对比造影自然气体引入的临床应用效果、优势及意义。方法 :随机抽取我院2012年6月年至2014年6月收治的上消化道双对比造影检查患者80例,分为研究组40例(应用一次性气钡发生器),对照组40例(青岛产气剂),比较2组胃扩张度、胃小区显示率。结果:研究组胃扩张度超过6 cm的27例(67.5%);对照组超过6 cm的26例(65%),2组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组胃小区总显示率57.5%(23/40),对照组55%(22/40),2组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:应用一次性气钡发生器引入自然气体行上消化道双对比造影与口服产气剂相比,在胃扩张度和胃小区显示方面具有同等优势,但前者更易为患者接受,且造影成功率高,是上消化道双对比造影中比较理想的产气方式。     

低浓度阳性对比剂MSCT检查在腹部肿块与小肠关系识别中的价值

目的 探讨自配口服低浓度阳性对比剂在腹部肿块与小肠关系的鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 收集CT检查小肠袢间需要鉴别肠壁肠外肿块的病例,口服对比剂后再进行MSCT扫描,口服浓度为0.6%阳性对比剂的共49例为A组(评价组),另一组口服2.5%等渗甘露醇溶液的共40例作为B组(对照组),以是否能在影像上识别肿块与小肠的关系为标准,比较2组病例识别率的差异.结果 2组病例在肠外和肠壁肿块的识别率方面,评价组(95.92%)明显高于对照组(65%),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 口服对比剂(0.6%碘剂稀释液)在鉴别腹部肿块与小肠的关系上,比阴性对比剂(2.5%等渗甘露醇溶液)有更好鉴别诊断效果.     

无管法快速小肠气钡双对比造影法的研究

目的研究一种新的、简便易行的小肠双对比造影法——无管法快速小肠气钡双对比造影法。方法将产气粉装入小肠溶胶囊,口服并在小肠内崩解,释放二氧化碳气体,配合口服钡剂及西沙必利,形成小肠双对比像。选取130例拟行小肠造影检查者,随机分为研究组和对照组,研究组67例采用本法,对照组63例采用口服钡剂法加肌注胃复安。结果研究组53例效果满意,12例基本满意,2例未观察到明显双对比效果,其中1例因吞咽困难无法检查,总有效率97.02%,平均检查时间(34.63±16.66)m in;对照组均为单钡造影效果,平均检查耗时(77.12±32.98)m in;2种检查方法耗用时间及2种药物的效果在统计学上具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论无管法快速小肠气钡双对比造影法确能形成良好的气钡双对比像,小肠观察效果较口服钡剂法有明显提高。     

载体介导靶向小肠气钡双对比造影法的研究

目的 介绍一种简便易行的小肠双对比造影法－载体介导靶向小肠气钡双对比造影法并初步评价其效果。材料与方法 以小肠溶空胶囊为载体盛装产气剂，口服后载体胶囊至小肠溶解，产生CO2，配合口服钡剂形成小肠气钡双对比。选取80例拟行小肠造影检查者，随机分成2组，每组40例。试验组采用本方法，对照组采用普通单钡法。结果 试验组29例小肠双对比效果较满意，8例效果一般，有局部小肠双对比效果，3例无双对比效果，总有效率92．5％。对照组40例均为单钡造影效果。结论 载体介导靶向小肠气钡双对比造影法确能形成小肠气钡双对比，小肠观察效果较普通单钡法有明显提高，但有待于进一步完善。     

小肠肿瘤在小肠造影及CT中的影像表现及诊断价值

目的 研究小肠肿瘤在CT、小肠造影检查中的影像学特征及诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的21例小肠肿瘤在小肠造影和CT扫描中的表现.19例行小肠气钡双对比造影,17例行腹、盆腔螺旋CT平扫加增强扫描,15例行小肠造影和CT检查.结果 小肠造影的主要表现包括充盈缺损、肠腔狭窄、黏膜异常、龛影.小肠造影病例中阳性率94.7%(18/19),良、恶定性准确者占阳性病例的66.6%(12/18).CT主要表现分3型:肿块型;肠壁增厚型;混合型.17例螺旋CT扫描中阳性率94.1%(16/17),良、恶定性准确者占阳性病例的87.5%(14/16).结论 小肠肿瘤在小肠造影和CT中都具有一定的特征性表现,两者的影像学差异可以形成互补关系.     

口服动力性等渗稀钡液小肠快速双对比造影术临床研究

目的:探讨口服动力性等渗稀钡液小肠快速双对比造影术的临床应用价值。方法:将143例小肠造影患者随机分为2组:研究组74例,对照组69例。分析比较2组的影像图像质量满意度及莫沙必利、胃复安的药效。结果:研究组与对照组相比,图像质量满意度高,χ2检验,P<0.001,说明2种检查方法差异有统计学意义;新一代全胃肠动力药莫沙必利在小肠造影中的促排作用明显优于胃复安,t检验,P<0.001,说明2组所用时间差异有统计学意义,即莫沙必利可大大缩短检查时间。结论:口服动力性等渗稀钡液小肠快速双对比造影术与传统小肠造影相比,图像质量高,检查时间短,简便、节约、环保,是小肠疾病的有效检查方法。     

口服肠溶气钡胶囊法在小肠双对比造影中的研究

目的：研究一种新的、简便易行的小肠双对比造影法—口服肠溶气钡胶囊法小肠气钡双对比造影。方法：采用零号肠溶空心胶囊,装入不同比例的产气粉和医用硫酸钡粉,制成Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号、Ⅲ号3种＂肠溶气钡胶囊＂（以下简称胶囊）。通过数字胃肠机直接动态观察并记录Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号、Ⅲ号胶囊在各段小肠内的定位崩解的过程以及释放CO2气体的情况,最终获得各段小肠的最佳的气钡双对比造影图像。对120名志愿者行小肠造影,随机分为研究组（60例）和对照组（60例）。研究组采用胶囊法,对照组采用传统口服钡剂法。结果：研究组49例效果满意或基本满意,11例未观察到明显双对比效果,总有效率81.67%;对照组均为单钡剂造影效果。结论：口服胶囊法小肠气钡双对比造影能形成良好的气钡双对比影像,所获图像效果较传统口服钡剂法有明显提高。     

自拟中药汤剂联合湿润烧伤膏治疗湿热蕴肤型湿疹的临床观察

目的观察口服自拟中药汤剂联合湿润烧伤膏外用治疗湿热蕴肤型湿疹的临床疗效。方法将82例湿热蕴肤型湿疹患者随机分为治疗组(42例)与对照组(40例),治疗组患者在口服自拟中药汤剂的同时外用湿润烧伤膏换药治疗:对照组患者在口服自拟中药汤剂的同时外用3%硼酸溶液冷敷治疗,3周后对比观察两组临床疗效。结果治疗组患者的痊愈率为81.0%,总有效率为90.5%;对照组患者的痊愈率为37.5%,总有效率为67.5%,两组痊愈率比较,差异有统计学意义。结论口服自拟中药汤剂联合湿润烧伤膏外用治疗湿热蕴肤型湿疹疗效较好,具有消炎止痛、祛腐生肌等功效,值得临床推广应用。     

口服等渗甘露醇溶液MSCT小肠、结肠双对比造影的临床价值

目的:评价口服大剂量2.5%等渗甘露醇溶液MSCT小肠、结肠双对比造影的临床价值。方法:24例匀速口服1 500ml 2.5%等渗甘露醇溶液,后肌肉注射10mg山莨菪碱,再服约1 000ml 2.5%等渗甘露醇溶液,之后行16排CT 3期扫描,并行MPR、MIP。结果:根据解剖区分十二指肠、空肠、回肠、升结肠、横结肠、降结肠、乙状结肠及直肠,分析小肠和结肠充盈情况及病变显示情况。24例中CT诊断小肠、结肠病变共12例,小肠肿瘤3例(其中空肠低分化腺癌1例、小肠间质瘤2例),Crohn病5例,肠梗阻2例,胰腺癌1例,溃疡性结肠炎1例;其余12例经临床随访证实均无器质性病变。MSCT小肠、结肠双对比造影可清楚显示小肠肿瘤、Crohn病、溃疡性结肠炎等病变的部位、范围、强化特点及有无近端小肠梗阻等情况,也可显示肠壁内外及腹腔内其他脏器情况。结论:MSCT小肠、结肠双对比造影是诊断小肠、结肠疾病有价值的检查技术。     

小肠磁共振水成像检查方法及其诊断价值

目的探讨小肠磁共振水成像检查方法及其对小肠疾病的诊断价值。方法本组28例小肠磁共振水成像。25例检查前30min口服0.9%氯化钠注射液或5%葡萄糖氯化钠注射液1500ml,检查前10min静脉注射山莨菪碱20mg;3例小肠梗阻直接进行小肠磁共振水成像,6例增强扫描。诊断结果与插管法小肠气钡造影结果对照。部分病例经手术、病理证实。结果28例小肠磁共振水成像检查均获得成功,图像质量满足诊断要求。正常小肠10例,Crohn’s病2例,十二指肠乳头癌3例,十二指肠腺瘤样增生1例,十二指肠憩室2例,小肠腺癌3例,回肠息肉1例,空肠间质瘤2例,回肠梗阻3例,小肠系膜扭转1例。18例小肠器质性病变诊断敏感性100%(18/18),特异性77.8%(14/18)。结论磁共振水成像对小肠病变的诊断是一种有效的检查方法。     

Comparison of neutral and positive enteral contrast media for MDCT enteroclysis

Objective

To compare neutral and positive enteral contrast media for MDCT enteroclysis (MDCTE) in various small bowel diseases.

Materials and methods

40 patients with suspicion of small bowel diseases were divided randomly into two equal groups. In one group, water was used as neutral enteral contrast and in other group, 2% water soluble iodinated contrast was used as positive enteral contrast. All MDCTE were done on a 16-slice multidetector row CT unit. The findings of MDCTE were compared with the standards of reference.

Results

There were 12 cases of abdominal tuberculosis (30%), 5 cases of bowel masses (12%), 4 cases of Crohn's disease (10%), 3 cases of small bowel adhesions (7%), 2 cases of midgut volvulus (5%), 2 cases of segmental enteritis (5%) and 12 of all cases (30%) were normal. There was no statistically significant difference between neutral and positive enteral contrast with regards to bowel distention, contrast reflux and evaluation of duodenum. Abnormal bowel wall enhancement was appreciated only with use of neutral enteral contrast (n = 12). Evaluation of ileocaecal junction was possible in all 20 patients (100%) with positive enteral contrast but in only 17 patients (85%) with neutral enteral contrast. Overall sensitivity and specificity of MDCTE with use of neutral contrast medium (100 and 88% respectively) was greater for evaluation of small bowel diseases, when compared to MDCTE using positive enteral contrast medium (92.8 and 83.3% respectively).

Conclusions

Water is a good enteral contrast medium for MDCT enteroclysis examination and allows better evaluation of abnormal bowel wall enhancement. Ileocaecal junction evaluation is better with positive enteral contrast medium.     

小肠Crohn病的多层螺旋CT诊断价值

目的探讨小肠Crohn病的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析经病理证实的35例小肠Crohn病的MSCT表现,分析病变肠管的数量、部位、肠壁厚度、增强后的强化特点及并发症。结果 MSCT均能显示小肠Crohn病的病变肠段,敏感性为100%。35例中共显示112段炎症肠壁,病变累及第6组小肠(回肠远段)35例,累及第5组、第4组、第3组、第2组分别为29例、16例、7例、4例,累及回盲部25例,广泛累及结肠4例。所有病例均表现为肠壁增厚,增强扫描显示病变肠壁有较明显强化,呈分层状或均一强化。肠系膜血管增生及"梳样征"21例,肠管周围蜂窝织炎13例,炎性肿块1例,瘘管2例,不全梗阻4例。结论 MSCT检查是小肠Crohn病的一种敏感的检查方法,小肠Crohn病的CT表现有一定特征性,可判断病变的活动性及疾病的发展阶段,对指导临床治疗具有重要意义。     

MSCT小肠病变双期增强对比剂的应用探讨

目的:探讨MSCT小肠病变增强所用对比剂的临床用量及用药方法.方法:搜集2006年3月～2007年5月经手术或病理证实的小肠病变126例,其MSCT采用开始注射对比剂后分别延时30 s及60 s进行动、静脉双期增强扫描,分3组(每组42例)使用3种不同的对比剂(优维显、典比乐和欧乃派克),总量均为80ml,高压注射流率为3.0ml/s,对其增强效果和不良反应及诊断正确率进行回顾性分析.结果:3种不同对比剂增强效果无明显差别,对小肠病变的诊断正确率为95.2%.动脉期均能显示肠系膜上动脉3级以上分支且清楚的显示小肠病变的具体病灶部位,与肠管的关系及与其供血动脉之间的关系.结论:MSCT小肠病变双期增强使用80ml对比剂,流率3.0ml/s能很好地显示小肠病变,可减少对比剂的不良反应,减少肾毒性.     

MSCT小肠造影与双气囊小肠镜联合诊断小肠间质瘤的价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)小肠造影与双气囊小肠镜(DBE)联合检查在小肠间质瘤诊断中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理确诊的小肠间质瘤患者15例,所有病例术前均已行MSCT小肠造影和DBE检查,探讨两者对小肠间质瘤诊断的敏感性和正确性。结果:本组15例小肠间质瘤中,良性2例,交界性4例,恶性9例,15例病灶MSCT小肠造影均可清楚显示,3例腔外型小肠间质瘤DBE检查仅表现为局部肠壁压迫、隆起改变。结论:MSCT小肠造影操作简便、易行,患者耐受性良好,能显示肠镜不能通过的狭窄段;DBE检查图像清晰、直观,可以通过活检对病灶进行定性检查。两种方法联合检查在诊断小肠间质瘤时可以优势互补,对小肠间质瘤的术前定位、定性以及鉴别诊断均具有较高的临床应用价值。     

MSCT与气钡双重造影在小肠不明原因出血中的诊断价值

目的 评价多层螺旋CT扫描结合小肠气钡双重造影检查在小肠出血诊断中的价值.方法 对我院经胃镜及结肠镜检查未能明确的消化道出血患者行腹部CT并结合小肠气钡双重造影检查.结果 腹部多层螺旋CT检查及小肠气钡双重造影检查的诊断符合率分别为74.1％及55.2％.结论 采用腹部螺旋CT检查结合小肠气钡双重造影检查可以提高小肠出血的诊断符合率.     

MSCT小肠造影与双气囊小肠镜在小肠疾病诊断中的价值

目的：比较和探讨MSCT小肠造影与双气囊小肠镜（DBE）检查在小肠疾病诊断中的临床应用价值。方法：对临床高度怀疑小肠疾病的42例患者分别行小肠造影MSCT扫描和DBE检查,结合内窥镜活检病理检查,比较两者对小肠疾病的检出率和诊断的准确性。结果：42例中MSCT小肠造影发现病变32例,DBE检查发现病变33例,检查阳性率分别为76.2%和78.5%。其中小肠癌12例（其中1例因病变范围较小CT漏诊）,淋巴瘤6例,小肠Crohn病9例,小肠间质瘤4例,小肠血管瘤1例,小肠结核1例,阴性9例。结论：MSCT小肠造影与DBE检查都是小肠疾病较好的检查方法,两种方法在诊断小肠疾病时可以优势互补,对小肠疾病的术前定位、定性以及鉴别诊断具有较高的临床应用价值。     

内镜导引下插管小肠双对比造影50例分析

目的:通过改进小肠插管技术,提高小肠检查率和小肠病变的发现率。方法:经胃内镜引导把B-D导管置入空肠上部。结果:50例病人插管成功率100%(50/50);满意率98%(49/50);病变阳性率86%(43/50)。结论:胃内镜导引下小肠插管双对比能明显提高小肠检查率和小肠病变发现率,可作为常规应用。     

Multidetector CT of the small bowel: evaluation after oral hyperhydration with isotonic solution

PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to assess the diagnostic capabilities of multidetector CT in the evaluation of the small bowel in different pathological conditions, with the use of oral hyperhydration with isotonic solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study retrospectively evaluated 106 patients who underwent multidetector CT of the small bowel. Four groups were considered on the basis of the clinical findings: group A (48 cases), with suspected or certain chronic inflammatory disease of the small bowel; group B (16 cases), with suspected neoplastic lesion of the small bowel; group C (17 cases), patients affected by malabsorption; group D (25 cases), others: 13 cases with non-specific abdominal pain, 4 cases with occult bleeding, 8 cases affected by fever of unknown origin. Thirteen patients had previously undergone surgical intestinal resection. In all cases the CT examination was performed after the oral administration of 2000 mL polyethylene glycol electrolyte balanced solution; before the scan, N-butyl scopolamine or glucagon were administered intravenously to obtain rapid inhibition of bowel peristalsis. All multidetector CT scans were acquired at baseline and 50 seconds after the I.V. administration of 110-130 ml high-concentration non-ionic iodinated contrast medium. The images were subsequently processed on a dedicated workstation (Advantage Windows 4.0, GE Medical Systems) to obtain multiplanar reconstruction (MPR). We considered the following CT findings: fold distribution, wall thickening and stratification and contrast enhancement, extraparietal involvement and abnormalities of the abdominal organs. The CT diagnoses were compared with the clinical and laboratory findings (86 cases) and with the results of barium follow-through (55 cases), ileo-colonoscopy (45 cases) or surgery (28 cases). RESULTS: CT examination allowed the correct diagnosis in 86/106 cases (89%); 20 patients were not included in the study because of a poor (11 cases) or absent (9 cases) small bowel loop distension. The final diagnoses in the 86 patients were: Crohn's disease of the small bowel (38 cases), Crohn's disease of the duodenum (1 case), granulomatous colitis (3 cases), malabsorption (8 cases), neoplastic lesion (4 cases), post-radiation conglomeration of ileal loops (1 case), intestinal lymphangiectasia (1 case), ulceration of the last ileal loop (1 case). In 29 cases no abnormalities of the small bowel were found. Spiral CT yielded 52 true positive cases, 5 false negative cases, 2 false positive cases, and 27 true negative RESULTS: The sensitivity of the technique was 91%, specificity 93% and diagnostic accuracy 92%. CONCLUSIONS: Multidetector CT of the small bowel performed after oral hyperhydration with isosmotic solution, proved to be an accurate and thorough technique. It can be considered a safe and effective alternative to conventional radiographic studies and to small bowel spiral CT enema in patients that refuse the nasojejunal balloon catheter or the administration of methylcellulose.     

Accelerating the transit time of barium sulphate suspensions in small bowel examinations

PURPOSE: To determine whether hyperosmolar and effervescent agents proven individually to accelerate transit time in the barium small bowel examination have an additive effect when combined, surpassing that of either agent alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty-nine patients were randomised to four groups. Three hundred milliliters of barium sulphate alone was given to the first group. Fifteen milliliters of iodinated hyperosmolar contrast agent (Gastrografin, meglumine/sodium diatrizoate, Schering) was given in addition to barium sulphate to the second group while six packets of effervescent granules (Carbex, Ferring) were added for the third group. The final group was given a combination of both additives and barium sulphate. The time taken following ingestion for the contrast column to reach the caecum, as assessed by frequent interval fluoroscopy, was recorded. A subgroup of 32 patients were selected randomly from the four groups, 8 from each and assessed for quality of examination. Statistical assessments were made using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: One hundred and nineteen patients were analysed after exclusions. The addition of accelerant to barium sulphate, both individually and in combination significantly reduced the small bowel transit time (p<0.001). No significant difference existed between the additives when used with barium alone. The combined group had significantly faster transit times compared to the hyperosmolar group (p=0.02). Differences between combined and effervescent groups tended towards significance (p=0.09). No significant difference existed between groups when examination quality was assessed. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the addition of combined effervescent and hyperosmolar agents to the barium suspension may significantly shorten the small bowel transit time without adversely affecting examination quality. This has implications for patient acceptability of the examination as well as potentially reducing screening time and therefore radiation dose.