颅内动脉瘤的数字减影血管造影诊断及介入治疗

目的：总结数字减影血管造影(DSA)在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的价值及电解式可脱弹簧圈栓塞颅动脉瘤的疗效。方法：对60例蛛网膜下腔出血病例行全脑血管数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查，总结颅内动脉瘤的数字减影血管造影表现；对适合进行血管内治疗的8例进行了电解式可脱弹簧圈栓塞治疗。结果：60例中，发现颅内动脉瘤26例、共33个，其中单发病例2l例，多发病例5例；后交通动脉瘤12例，颈内动脉瘤11例，前交通动脉瘤7例，大脑中动脉瘤3例；动脉瘤呈囊状16例，梭形5例，球形4例，葫芦形4例，其他不规则形4例；动脉瘤直径在2～21mm之间；8例伴脑血管痉挛，7例动脉瘤内有血栓形成。8例GDC栓塞病例中，动脉瘤腔100％栓塞5例，95％栓塞2例，80～90％栓塞l例。弹簧圈少量脱出动脉瘤l例次，过度栓塞l例次。结论：数字减影血管造影(DSA)是确诊颅内动脉瘤不可缺少的检查方法；电解式可脱弹簧圈栓塞是一种治疗颅内动脉瘤有效的新方法。     

水解脱弹簧圈填塞治疗急性期破裂颅内动脉瘤1例

背景：以往多采用电解脱弹簧圈填塞治疗颅内动脉瘤,但电解脱弹簧圈解脱时间较长,解脱区质地硬,并发症发生率较高,不利于微小动脉瘤的栓塞。目的：观察水解脱弹簧圈填塞治疗急性期破裂颅内动脉瘤的效果。方法：经头颅CT检查确认蛛网膜下腔出血并有脑叶出血1例,数字减影血管造影系统证实为颅内动脉瘤,采用水解脱弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤。结果与结论：经过治疗,患者破裂动脉瘤致密栓塞,填塞达99%,出血得到控制。提示水解脱弹簧圈的超柔软性及对瘤体壁的顺应性,操作方便,提高了动脉瘤的致密性栓塞的可能性,减少并发症的可能,应该为目前急性期颅内动脉瘤破裂较好的栓塞方法。     

水解脱弹簧圈填塞治疗急性期破裂颅内动脉瘤1例

背景:以往多采用电解脱弹簧圈填塞治疗颅内动脉瘤,但电解脱弹簧圈解脱时间较长,解脱区质地硬,并发症发生率较高,不利于微小动脉瘤的栓塞.目的:观察水解脱弹簧圈填塞治疗急性期破裂颅内动脉瘤的效果.方法:经头颅CT检查确认蛛网膜下腔出血并有脑叶出血1例,数字减影血管造影系统证实为颅内动脉瘤,采用水解脱弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤.结果与结论:经过治疗,患者破裂动脉瘤致密栓塞,填塞达99%,出血得到控制.提示水解脱弹簧圈的超柔软性及对瘤体壁的顺应性,操作方便,提高了动脉瘤的致密性栓塞的可能性,减少并发症的可能,应该为目前急性期颅内动脉瘤破裂较好的栓塞方法.     

应用orbit三维弹簧圈在颅内动脉瘤栓塞中的临床治疗观察

目的探讨水解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的临床疗效及其相关并发症。方法对37例颅内动脉瘤患者采用Seldinger技术经皮穿刺股动脉应用微导管插管,通过数字减影脑血管造影并以Orbit压力解脱弹簧圈为材料行血管内栓塞治疗。结果本组37例患者均一次性栓塞治疗成功,成功率100．0％。其中100％栓塞26例（70．27％）,95％栓塞6例（16．22％）,90％栓塞3例（8．11％）,80％和〈80％栓塞各1例（5．40％）。其中,1例颈内动脉-后交通动脉瘤术中动脉瘤破裂导致偏瘫;1例大脑中动脉交叉部宽颈动脉瘤栓塞完毕拔除微导管时,弹簧圈移入载动脉瘤内导致载动脉部分闭塞,术后经抗凝治疗无临床症状。术后随访3～24个月,均未发生颅内出血或缺血,患者恢复正常生活和工作。结论orbit三维弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤是一种安全、有效的微创方法,可有效降低动脉瘤的复发和再出血。     

支架半释放技术辅助可解脱微弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的疗效观察

目的 观察支架半释放技术辅助可解脱微弹簧圈栓塞治疗宽颈动脉瘤的疗效,评价该技术的安全性.方法 所选24例颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者,介入治疗术前影像学检查或术中数字减影血管造影(DSA)证实.在DSA监视下,载瘤动脉放置LEO支架封堵动脉瘤口,然后经支架网眼在微导丝引导下,电解可脱式弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤腔,直到瘤腔致密填塞为止.结果 所有病例均一次成功置入支架,支架置入后造影显示支架位于载瘤动脉内并跨越动脉瘤颈.其中100％栓塞21例,95％栓塞2例,死亡1例.23例患者电话随访1个月后恢复良好,无再出血发生.结论 支架半释放技术联合微弹簧圈是治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤安全有效的方法.     

弹簧圈栓塞与显微外科夹闭治疗颅内动脉瘤的临床疗效比较

[目的]探讨比较颅内动脉瘤弹簧圈栓塞与显微外科夹闭治疗的临床疗效.[方法]对经16层螺旋CTA（MSCTA）和数字减影血管造影（DSA）证实颅内动脉瘤患者89例,54例行DSA下弹簧圈栓塞治疗,35例行显微外科夹闭治疗,术后用日常生活活动量表（ADL）中Barthel指数（BI）来评价两者的疗效.[结果]89例中,弹簧圈栓塞54例,外科手术夹闭35例.前循环动脉瘤59例,弹簧圈栓塞35例,外科手术夹闭24例,两者疗效对比无显著差异（P＞0.05）;后循环动脉瘤30例,弹簧圈栓塞17例,外科手术夹闭11例,两者疗效对比有差异（P＜0.05）.53例动脉瘤直径＜10 mm,弹簧圈栓塞32例,外科手术夹闭21例,两者疗效对比无显著差异（P＞0.05）;36例直径≥10 mm,弹簧圈栓塞22例,外科手术14例,疗效比较有差异（P＜0.05）.两组疗效从动脉瘤生长的位置、大小及病人的临床状态对比来看,弹簧圈栓塞疗效优于显微外科治疗.[结论]弹簧圈栓塞和显微外科夹闭是治疗颅内动脉瘤的主要方法,从总体疗效对比分析结果来看,可优先选择血管内栓塞治疗,但临床仍应根据具体情况综合分析、权衡利弊、正确的选择治疗方法.     

儿童颅内动脉瘤介入治疗

目的：评价电解可脱性微弹簧圈（GDC）栓塞治疗儿童颅内动脉瘤的疗效和安全性。方法：分析3例儿童颅内动脉瘤病例的临床症状和体征，男1例，女2例，经数字减影脑血管造影明确诊断，2例为后交通动脉瘤，1例为前交通动脉瘤；Hunt和Hess分类；2例为I级，1例为Ⅱ级，在DSA下行GDC治疗，结果：经DSA行电解可脱性微弹簧栓塞术治疗。3例均成功，无并发症。结论：儿童颅内动脉瘤虽属罕见。但GDC治疗儿童颅内动脉瘤安全而有效。长期预后则有待于随访观察。     

数字减影血管造影监视下行电解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治疗急性破裂性颅内动脉瘤疗效研究

目的 探讨数字减影血管造影(DSA)监视下行电解可脱微弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞治疗急性破裂性颅内动脉瘤临床疗效,分析其对患者神经功能的影响.方法 选取自2019年8月至2020年8月于定州市人民医院接受诊治的急性破裂性颅内动脉瘤患者54例,采用双盲法分为常规组(n=27)与观察组(n=27).常规组患者给予抗纤溶、脱水、防...     

血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的并发症及疗效分析

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗的并发症发生原因及防治措施，并分析该治疗方法的疗效。方法应用微导管技术，在数字减影血管造影（DSA）监视下，对80例颅内动脉瘤用可控弹簧圈行血管内治疗，对其并发症及随访结果进行分析。结果术中动脉瘤破裂5例，弹簧圈脱出至载瘤动脉5例，术中引起严重脑血管痉挛7例，载瘤动脉或邻近动脉闭塞2例，脑梗死2例，因并发症死亡6例；60例术后不同时期随访，无变化者50例，材料压缩6例，再通4例。结论随着栓塞技术的改进和材料质量的提高可以降低各种并发症的发生，弹簧圈栓塞疗效肯定；术后定期随访是必要的，尤其对部分栓塞者。     

球囊或支架辅助下栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的效果观察

目的 探讨应用球囊或支架辅助栓塞技术治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的效果.方法 颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者24例,介入治疗术前经影像学检查或术中数字减影血管造影明确诊断.采用全身麻醉,经股动脉穿刺入路,在数字减影血管造影下,根据动脉瘤的形状、大小,采用相应辅助技术,选用合适的弹簧圈,逐步将瘤腔满意填塞.结果 24例患者共计24个瘤体,使用球囊辅助弹簧圈技术栓塞8个,使用支架辅助栓塞技术16个,其中100％栓塞21例,95％栓塞2例,死亡1例.23例患者电话随访1个月后恢复良好,无再出血发生.结论 联合使用支架和微弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤安全、有效.     

多层螺旋CTA诊断颅内动脉瘤

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析我院2004年3月-2007年10月间经手术证实的颅内动脉瘤患者55例.MSCTA采用GE 16排螺旋CT,所得原始数据在工作站采用容积重建(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)及曲面重建(CPR),对动脉瘤的大小、载瘤动脉、瘤颈、管壁钙化及瘤内血栓等方面进行显示,并与数字减影血管造影(DSA)图像对比分析,数据分析采用SPSS统计软件.结果 MSCTA对颅内动脉瘤的显示敏感性和准确率分别为93.44%和100%,显示动脉瘤的平均直径为8 mm,最小动脉瘤直径为3.41 mm;清晰显示瘤颈43例,瘤壁钙化26例,瘤内血栓13例;DSA显示动脉瘤平均直径为6 mm,清晰显示瘤颈33例,瘤壁钙化6例,瘤内血栓5例.MSCTA对于动脉瘤周边邻近骨质结构及瘤内血栓、管壁钙化及瘤颈的显示与DSA比较具有显著的优势(P<0.05).结论 MSCTA是诊断颅内动脉瘤较好的无创性影像学检查方法.     

Bioactive coils cause headache and fever after endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms

Background.— Based on our encounters with patients who have been treated for unruptured intracranial aneurysms by endovascular coil embolization using bioactive coils, we observed that such patients often present with headaches and fever. Objective.— The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of headache and fever after coil embolization using bioactive coils. Methods.— A database of 92 intracranial unruptured aneurysm patients (88 patients who did not have chronic headaches or migraines before treatment) on whom coil embolization had been performed between July 2007 and October 2010 was retrospectively assessed. Forty‐five aneurysms (43 patients) were treated using bioactive coils and the other aneurysms were treated using bare coils. We analyzed the incidence and duration of headache, temperature, C‐reactive protein, and white blood cell count before and after coil embolization and compared the 2 groups. Results.— Forty‐one patients (46.6%) reported onset of headaches just after treatment. Headache incidences were significantly greater in the patients treated with bioactive coils (bioactive coil group: 62.8% [27/43] vs bare coil group: 31.1% [14/45], P = .003), and the duration of headaches was significantly longer in the bioactive coil group (bioactive coil group: 3.44 ± 1.22 days vs bare coil group: 2.40 ± 1.17 days, P = .027). Seventy‐one patients (80.7%) had incidences of fever (over 37°C) after treatment (bioactive coil group: 83.7% [36/43] vs bare coil group: 77.8% [35/45], P = .663). The duration of fever was significantly longer in the bioactive coil group (bioactive coil group: 2.9 ± 1.4 days vs bare coil group: 1.9 ± 1.1 days, P = .0017), and temperatures at 1, 2, or 3 days after treatment were significantly higher in the bioactive coil group (respective temperatures at 1, 2, 3 days after treatment: bioactive coil group: 37.42 ± 0.49, 37.19 ± 0.45, 37.00 ± 0.49 vs bare coil group: 37.14 ± 0.38, 36.96 ± 0.41, 36.63 ± 0.51, P = .009, P = .0246, P = .0032). There were no significant differences in C‐reactive protein level and white blood cell count 1 and 3 days after treatment between 2 groups. Conclusions.— Bioactive coils induce headache and fever after coil embolization for intracranial aneurysms due to the inflammatory effects of polyglycolic acid used to accelerate aneurysm fibrosis and neointimal formation.     

Use of a new soft and long coil reduces the number of coils to embolize a small aneurysm

Background

In embolizing a cerebral aneurysm, achievement of a high-volume embolization ratio (VER: volume of inserted coils / aneurysm volume) is important because it may prevent coil compaction and recanalization. The goal of the study is to examine whether use of softer and longer coils gives an adequate VER with fewer coils, particularly for small aneurysms.

Methods

Aneurysm volumes, VERs, and numbers of inserted coils were investigated in 23 cases of small aneurysms embolized using Infini coils, a long soft coil with a primary diameter of 0.010 inches (Infini group). An aneurysm volume- and VER-matched control (non-Infini) group of 59 cases was selected from patients treated at our facility. Data were also compared between subgroups of patients (n = 18 and n = 34 in the Infini and non-Infini groups, respectively) who were not treated with thicker coils with primary diameters of 0.0135–0.015 inches (18-type coils), since these coils affect the number of coils by increasing VER rapidly.

Results

Average aneurysm volumes and VERs did not differ significantly between the Infini and non-Infini groups. Significantly fewer coils were used per 0.1 ml aneurysm volume in the Infini group (4.08 coils in average) compared with the non-Infini group (5.67) (p < 0.001). In the non-18-type subgroups, the number of coils used remained significantly smaller in the Infini group (4.49) compared with the non-Infini group (6.72), (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

To achieve VER ≥20%, use of Infini coils significantly decreased the number of coils required per unit volume of a small aneurysm.     

Flat-detector computed tomography evaluation in an experimental animal aneurysm model after endovascular treatment: A pilot study

We compared flat-detector computed tomography angiography (FD-CTA) to multislice computed tomography (MS-CTA) and digital subtracted angiography (DSA) for the visualization of experimental aneurysms treated with stents, coils or a combination of both.In 20 rabbits, aneurysms were created using the rabbit elastase aneurysm model. Seven aneurysms were treated with coils, seven with coils and stents, and six with self-expandable stents alone. Imaging was performed by DSA, MS-CTA and FD-CTA immediately after treatment. Multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) was performed and two experienced reviewers compared aneurysm/coil package size, aneurysm occlusion, stent diameters and artifacts for each modality.In aneurysms treated with stents alone, the visualization of the aneurysms was identical in all three imaging modalities. Residual aneurysm perfusion was present in two cases and visible in DSA and FD-CTA but not in MS-CTA. The diameter of coil-packages was overestimated in MS-CT by 56% and only by 16% in FD-CTA compared to DSA (p < 0.05). The diameter of stents was identical for DSA and FD-CTA and was significantly overestimated in MS-CTA (p < 0.05). Beam/metal hardening artifacts impaired image quality more severely in MS-CTA compared to FD-CTA.MS-CTA is impaired by blooming and beam/metal hardening artifacts in the visualization of implanted devices. There was no significant difference between measurements made with noninvasive FD-CTA compared to gold standard of DSA after stenting and after coiling/stent-assisted coiling of aneurysms. FD-CTA may be considered as a non-invasive alternative to the gold standard 2D DSA in selected patients that require follow up imaging after stenting.     

Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤26例分析

目的 探讨Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤的经验及栓塞效果.方法 2009年6月至2011年12月,我们对26例颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者应用Solitaire支架辅助微弹簧圈栓塞,围术期给予抗凝及抗血小板治疗,术后3个月复查脑血管造影评价栓塞效果.结果 26例患者共使用27枚Solitaire支架,其中1例患者使用2枚支架.术中支架均顺利到位,放置位置满意,即刻血管造影致密栓塞24例,次全栓塞2例,支架释放位置满意,载瘤血管通畅,3个月后,23例患者获得数字减影血管造影随访,无动脉瘤复发迹象.结论 Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤,操作简单,栓塞率高,复发率低.     

颅内动脉瘤旋转DSA诊断与介入治疗的探讨

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤的旋转DSA诊断和介入治疗价值。方法颅内动脉瘤患者22例,常规选择性两侧颈内动脉系正侧位造影,椎动脉系汤氏位、侧位DSA采集摄片,对怀疑血管加做180°旋转DSA检查。2例动脉瘤病人行电解可脱卸弹簧圈(Guglielmidetachablecoil,GDC)栓塞治疗。结果常规DSA检查16例瘤颈、瘤体显示清晰,4例显示欠清晰,2例未显示;在旋转DSA片中,所有病例的动脉瘤结构、全貌及与周围血管关系清晰显示。2例GDC栓塞术后1周病愈出院。结论旋转DSA是颅内动脉瘤的有效补充诊断手段。GDC栓塞技术安全、可靠,是治疗脑动脉瘤的有效方法之一。     

DSA与X线电影摄影对消化道出血敏感性的评价

目的：评价DSA与X线电影摄影对消化道出血检查的敏感性。材料与方法：50例病人，其中急性消化道出血24例，慢性消化道出血26例，全部病例均行腹腔动脉，肠系膜上、下动脉造影，必要时加做胃左动脉、胃十二指肠动脉、肝动脉造影。其中7例行栓塞治疗。栓塞剂为明胶海绵颗粒或不锈钢圈。结果：阳性发现38例（38／50），其中20例可见造影剂从血管内外溢，7例栓塞治疗后即刻止血。10例同时先后使用了DSA和Cine，7例栓塞病人选用DSA。DSA提示可疑出血或失败者均采用X线电影摄影。结论：DSA检查适用于易配合及栓塞治疗的病例．具有快速实时成像及分辨率高；X线电影适用于不易配合及显示细微病变者，不受病人运动及肠蠕动影响，图像清晰。     

数字减影血管造影及介入治疗在急性动脉出血中的应用价值

目的：探讨数字减影血管造影（ digital subtraction angiography ,DSA）及介入治疗在急性动脉出血中的应用价值。方法总结26例急性动脉出血患者的DSA表现及动脉栓塞、药物灌注的治疗经验。结果本组患者26例,包括胃肠道出血15例,泌尿系出血3例,盆腔出血3例,大咯血3例,外科术后出血2例。所有患者DSA检查结果均呈阳性,表现为对比剂外溢、动脉瘤、畸形血管团等。25例患者经栓塞或药物灌注治疗后出血立即停止,其中1例患者灌注止血后,因腹膜炎并发多器官功能衰竭死亡,其余患者未见严重并发症。结论 DSA对急性动脉出血的定位、定性有重要价值,选择性动脉栓塞及药物灌注止血安全有效。