拉萨藏族青少年左手指长比和指长／身高的特点

目的:探讨拉萨藏族指长比和指长/身高的特点,获得该地区此方面体质人类学数值.方法:知情同意原则下,随机抽取拉萨地区年龄7～20岁藏族青少年1 365例(男性682例,女性683例),拍摄左手X线片并测量身高,X线测量2D、3D、4D、5D指长,计算指长比和指长/身高.结果:指长比、指长/身高在个体生长发育中保持稳定;指长比表现为3D∶5D＞4D∶5D＞2D∶5D＞3D∶4D＞2D∶4D＞2D∶3D,性别差异有统计学意义,表现为男性低于女性;4D∶H、5D∶H表现为男性高于女性的性别差异,2D∶H女性高于男性,但差异无统计学意义.结论:X线测量拉萨藏族人群各指长比、4D∶H、5D∶H性别差异有统计学意义.     

浙江汉族群体2D～5D手指长度的比值分析

目的对浙江省汉族群体手指长度进行测量,探讨浙江省汉族群体指长比的特点。方法参照人体测量学方法,直接测量了浙江省汉族健康人群860例(男性:318例,女性:542例)左右侧手指长度(拇指除外),计算指长比值并对数据进行分析。结果指长比呈现为2D:3D﹤2D:4D﹤3D:4D﹤2D:5D﹤4D:5D﹤3D:5D;浙江省汉族群体2D:4D均值大于辽宁汉族、宁夏汉族、宁夏回族,与其他国家指长比之间也存在差异;浙江汉族群体指长比存在性别、侧别差异。结论浙江汉族群体指长比具有性别、侧别差异,且与其它国家、民族、地区、人种存在差异。     

辽宁汉族指长及指长比特点

目的 探讨辽宁汉族指长比的特点。 方法 在知情同意情况下随机整群选取20~22岁健康辽宁汉族728人（男270,女458）,排除手指有畸形、损伤和有内分泌及代谢病者,其母孕期间均未服用激素类药物,直接测量法测量其指长, SPSS140软件包对数据进行分析。 结果 辽宁汉族指长均呈现：3D＞4D＞2D＞5D,女性2D>男性（P<0.001）、男性4D>女性（P<0.001）;辽宁汉族指长比具有3D:5D＞4D:5D＞2D:5D＞3D:4D＞2D:4D＞2D:3D趋势;辽宁汉族指长比存在性别、侧别差异,以2D:4D较为明显;辽宁汉族指长比大于宁夏汉族、回族指长比,与其他国家群体之间也存在差异。 结论 辽宁汉族指长比具有性别、侧别差异性,其中以2D：4D最为显著;指长比可能还存在民族、地区及人种的差异。     

宁夏汉族女大学生指长比与月经初潮年龄的关系*

目的：探讨宁夏汉族女大学生指长比与月经初潮年龄（AAM）的关系。方法：选取宁夏地区汉族在校女 大学生389 例,采用体质测量及问卷调查方法,比较各指指长比（2D∶3D、2D∶4D、2D∶5D、3D∶4D、3D∶5D、 4D∶5D）均值在左、右手间的差异性,并分析指长比与AAM的相关性。结果：宁夏汉族女大学生左、右手间各 指指长比均值差异无统计学意义,均表现为3D∶5D > 4D∶5D > 2D∶5D > 3D∶4D > 2D∶4D > 2D∶3D的递减趋势; 总人群中,右手2D∶3D、左手2D∶4D、右手2D∶4D及右手3D∶4D与AAM间存在负相关,其余指长比与AAM 无相关性;亚组人群中,右手高2D∶4D与AAM间存在负相关。结论：宁夏汉族女大学生指长比与AAM有关, 右手2D∶4D高的女性AAM可能会相对较早。     

指长比与冠心病的相关性研究

目的 研究宁夏男性指长比与冠心病的相关性. 方法 采用体质测量法,研究宁夏汉族男性304例(正常对照152例,冠心病患者152例)左右手指长比(2D:3D、2D:4D、2D:5D、3D:4D、3D:5D、4D:5D),探讨其与冠心病的相关性. 结果 宁夏汉族男性正常对照组与冠心病患者组指长比均值呈现2D:3D<2D:4D<3D:4D<2D:5D<4D:5D<3D:5D的趋势;冠心病患者组指长比均值高于正常对照组,2D:3D(左手P<0.05)、2D:4D有显著性差异(左手P<0.01;右手P<0.05),2D>4D的比例高于对照组;冠心病患者组指长比均值与发病年龄呈负相关(P<0.001). 结论 指长比,尤其是左手2D:4D可能是冠心病早期筛选的重要参考指标之一.     

福建闽南汉族女性指长比与月经初潮年龄的相关性

目的:探讨福建闽南地区汉族女性指长比与月经初潮年龄的相关性。方法:抽取福建闽南地区(漳州、厦门、泉州)726例汉族女性(18～20岁在校女性大学生),采用问卷调查了解其月经初潮年龄;采用扫描后直接测量法测其左右手指长,计算各手指比,分析指长比与月经初潮年龄的相关性。结果:汉族女性第2～5手指长平均值(mm)左、右侧分别为65.11、72.3,67.17、52.68;65.16、72.1,67.14、52.92。指长比均表现为3D∶5D4D∶5D2D∶5D3D∶4D2D∶4D2D∶3D。左手2D∶4D(P0.05)与月经初潮年龄存在正相关;其余指长比(2D∶3D、2D∶5D、3D∶4D、3D∶5D、4D∶5D)与月经初潮年龄无相关性。结论:福建闽南地区汉族女性左手(2D∶4D)高指长比可能与月经初潮延迟有相关性。     

湘西汉族脑梗死患者的指长比

目的:通过对湘西地区脑梗死患者和健康成人的手指长及指长比进行对比研究,对指长比与脑梗死之间的关系进行初步探讨,以期为国内脑梗死的早期筛选提供间接的依据。方法:抽取就诊于怀化市第一人民医院的湘西汉族男性300例(健康对照组150例,脑梗死患者150例)、女性300例(健康对照组150例,脑梗死患者150例)。采用人体测量学方法测量了2~5指长度,并计算出指长比,探讨指长比与脑梗死之间的关系。结果:脑梗死患者与正常对照组指长比的比较显示,指长比均值表现为男性脑梗死患者2D∶3D、2D∶4D和2D∶5D均大于健康对照组,其中左手2D∶3D、2D∶4D和右手2D∶3D、2D∶4D、2D∶5D差异有统计学意义。女性脑梗死患者2D∶3D、2D∶4D和2D∶5D也同样均大于健康对照组,其中左手2D∶3D、2D∶4D和右手2D∶4D、2D∶3D差异有统计学意义。结论:湘西汉族脑梗死患者与健康对照组指长比有差异,尤其是2D∶4D可能是脑梗死早期筛选的一个重要参数。     

大连汉族群体的指长比特点

目的 采用直接测量的方法,对大连地区汉族成人群体指长比进行调查分析,以明确大连地区汉族成人指长比均值的分布特点,为国内开展此项研究积累资料. 方法 抽取大连市430名(男220,女210)健康汉族成人,采用人体测量学方法测量了其左右手第2～5指长度(掌侧),计算各手指间的指长比值,并作性别差异和地区差异比较. 结果 1.指长比:大连汉族群体2D∶3D、2D∶4D、2D∶5D、3D∶4D、3D∶5D、4D∶5D值左右侧男性分别为0.899 5、0.901 1、0.965 0、0.965 9、1.207 4、1.206 3、1.073 1、1.072 2,1.343 1、1.339 4、1.252 2、1.249 9;女性分别为0.906 5、0.907 9、0.976 6、0.975 3、1.223 0、1.222 6、1.078 1、1.075 4、1.352 7、1.350 2、1.255 1、1.255 8.男女性均表现为3D∶5D>4D∶5D>2D∶5D>3D∶4D >2D∶4D>2D∶3D.2.性差:左右手指长比均值女性高于男性,并且2D∶3D、2D∶4D和2D∶5D有显著性差异(P<0.05).3.2D∶4D的百分比分布:男女性的左右手都以2D<4D占主导,2D>4D次之,2D=4D最少.但2D>4D的百分比女性明显大于男性.4.2D∶4D地区差:大连汉族群体男女性均表现为低指长比,明显低于英格兰、英国利物浦、匈牙利、波兰和西班牙,高于其他地区(国家)及民族. 结论 大连汉族群体指长比有其独特性,2D∶4D具有明显的性别差异和地区及民族差异.     

锦州市大学生指长比与体能测试各项成绩的关系

目的 :研究大学生指长比与体能测试各个项目的成绩及总成绩的关系,从而推测指长比与各项身体素质的关系。方法 :随机抽取锦州市2所高校12个班的大学生作为研究对象。测量研究对象双手手指长度以及体能测试各项成绩等,调查可能影响体测成绩的因素。分析指长比与体能测试各个项目的成绩及总成绩的关系。结果 :除左手的3D∶4D和右手的2D∶3D不存在性别差异外,其余指长比均存在性别差异。男生右手2D∶4D与50m跑、1000m跑和立定跳远的成绩间存在负相关关系。女生右手2D∶4D与总成绩、50 m跑、800 m跑、立定跳远、仰卧起坐等成绩间存在负相关关系。将单项成绩分层后进行相互比较,男女生总成绩、50 m跑和立定跳远存在不同成绩段的差异。结论 :锦州市大学生指长比与体能测试的成绩存在一定的负相关关系,尤其是速度和耐力方面。     

示指与环指指长比与女性冠心病的相关性分析

目的:分析宁夏汉族女性示指与环指指长比(2D:4D)与冠心病的关系。方法:采用体质测量法,比较宁夏汉族女性258例(对照组173例,冠心病组85例)左手、右手、双手及右手-左手(D_(r-l))2D:4D的均值,并分析各均值与年龄的相关性。结果:宁夏汉族女性冠心病组左手2D:4D均值显著低于对照组,D_(r-l)2D:4D均值显著高于对照组。两组中,左手2D:4D均值均明显高于右手,且2D:4D各均值与年龄均无相关性。结论:2D:4D可能是女性冠心病早期筛查的预警指征之一。     

指长比与地方院校医学生心理健康状态的关系*

目的：分析指长比与地方院校医学生心理健康状态的关系。方法：采用体质测量法及症状自评量表-90 （SCL-90）问卷调查,比较469 例高校男、女大学生（ 男性211 例,女性258 例）左右手指长比各均值的差异性, 并分析男、女生指长比与SCL-90 的相关性。结果：女性医学生左、右手2D∶3D、2D∶4D、 2D∶5D、3D∶5D 指长比均高于男性,其左手4D∶5D指长比高于男性;女性医学生左手指长比2D∶4D与躯体化、强迫症、抑郁、 恐惧呈正相关,3D∶4D与躯体化、恐惧呈负相关,其右手指长比2D∶3D与躯体化、焦虑、敌对、其他呈正相关, 2D∶5D与精神病性呈正相关;男性医学生左手指长比2D∶4D与躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对呈正相关,其右手 指长比2D∶4D 与躯体化、抑郁呈正相关,其他指长比与SCL-90 因子无相关性。结论：地方院校医学生男、女 指长比具有性别差异,男、女性医学生指长比与心理健康状况均有一定相关性。     

宁夏回族和汉族群体指长比的研究

目的研究宁夏回、汉族群体指长比,比较分析宁夏两种不同民族、不同性别群体左右手及不同民族指长比均值的分布特点。方法采用体质测量法,研究宁夏回族412例(男:219例,女:193例)、汉族439例(男:241例,女:198例)左右手指长比(2D:3D、2D:4D、2D:5D、3D:4D、3D:5D、4D:5D)。结果指长比均值呈现2D:3D<2D:4D<3D:4D<2D:5D<4D:5D<3D:5D的趋势;同一民族左右手指长比均数女性高于男性,且2D:3D、2D:4D、2D:5D有显著性差异(P<0.05);同一性别不同民族左右手指长比无显著性差异。结论指长比在性别间存在差异,2D:4D具有明显的性别差异。     

The Ratio of Second to Fourth Digit Length (2D:4D) and Coronary Artery Disease in a Han Chinese Population

Background: The association between index finger to ring finger length ratio (2D:4D) and cardiac disorders has been reported, however it has not been discussed in terms of coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated whether 2D:4D could be used as a marker for predisposition to CAD as assessed by coronary angiography in Chinese men and women.Methods: This study included 1764 persons divided into 4 groups, 441 cases with CAD and 441 persons without CAD as control in each sex of the same age. Finger lengths were measured twice for both hands using electronic calipers. Student t test was used to detect the difference of 2D:4D among groups. The receiver operator characteristic curves (ROCs) were used to detect the diagnostic effect of 2D:4D for CAD.Results: There were no significant differences in age among the four groups. A significant difference of 2D:4D ratios between right and left hand were observed only in men in both control and CAD groups. On the right hand in the control group and on both hands in the CAD group, the 2D:4D ratios were higher in women than in men (all, P < 0.001). In men with CAD, mean 2D:4D was higher than mean 2D:4D in control men (right hand 0.962±0.042:0.927±0.038; left hand 0.950±0.044:0.934±0.048; both hands, P < 0.001), but this was not observed in women. No relationship was found between 2D:4D and age (all, P >0.05). The area under the curve of right hand 2D:4D in male was 0.72 (95% CI 0.683-0.753, p<0.001), while it was 0.602 (95% CI 0.565-0.639, p<0.001) in left hand.Conclusions: The present study showed an association between high 2D:4D ratio and CAD in both hands in men. There were no significant differences in mean 2D:4D between women with CAD and controls.     

Radiographic assessment of the index to ring finger ratio (2D:4D) in adults

The smaller index to ring finger (2D:4D) ratio has been considered as a 'male finger pattern' and is associated with sporting ability and a number of conditions. However, the ratio may vary according to what is measured, the hand selected and the method used. This study aimed to determine: (1) which bones (phalanges, metacarpals or both) account for variation in the 2D:4D ratio; (2) whether the ratio shows right-left symmetry or relates to hand dominance; and (3) the correlation between visual classification and measured determinations of the ratio based on radiographs. Hand radiographs obtained as part of a large osteoarthritis genetic study were examined. Each hand was classified visually into three types according to the relative length of the index and ring finger: Type 1 (index longer than ring), Type 2 (index = ring) and Type 3 (index shorter than ring). For both index and ring fingers we measured (1) from base of proximal to tip of distal phalanx and (2) metacarpal length. Reproducibility of the classification and measurements were examined using kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient; symmetry between left and right hands was examined using Bland and Altman's agreement analysis; and correlation between visual classification and 2D:4D ratio data was analysed using the anova linearity test. Data were obtained from 3172 radiographs (1636 men, 1536 women; mean age 67 +/- 7.9 years, range 45-86 years). Prevalence of Type 3 hand was 61% in men and 37% in women (P < 0.001). Men had smaller 2D:4D ratios than women for phalanges (0.908 versus 0.922, P < 0.01), metacarpals (1.152 versus 1.157, P < 0.01) and the sum of phalanges plus metacarpals (1.005 versus 1.015, P < 0.01). The mean difference between right and left was -0.001 (95% limit of agreement -0.035, 0.032) for the phalangeal ratio and 0.003 (95% limit of agreement -0.051 to 0.057) for the metacarpal ratio. The 2D:4D ratio did not associate with handedness or age. There was a linear trend between the visual classification of hand type and the 2D:4D ratio data (P < 0.001). More technical difficulties (due to positioning, finger trauma, osteoarthritis) were encountered with the phalangeal ratio and visual categorization than with the metacarpal ratio: the latter could be measured in 98.7% of the study population. We concluded that measured 2D:4D ratios and visual categorization can be derived from hand radiographs. The phalanges and metacarpals both contribute to the variation in 2D:4D ratio with smaller ratios observed in men than in women. The ratio is symmetrical with only very small differences between right and left hands. Visual classification may be a useful simple tool for future epidemiological studies but is more prone to bias from positioning than direct measurement. If radiographs are used for this purpose, we recommend the metacarpal ratio with measurement of a single index hand or an average of both as it is least affected by bias from malpositioning, trauma or common joint disease.     

Sexual dimorphism in digit-length ratios of laboratory mice

The lengths of the index finger (2D) and ring finger (4D) are sexually dimorphic in humans, and men have a smaller 2D:4D ratio compared to women. Prenatal androgens appear to be important in the development of the 2D:4D sex difference, since it has been reported in children as young as 2 years old, and since humans exposed to supernormal prenatal androgen levels display a smaller 2D:4D ratio. We tested whether another mammalian species in which the process of peripheral sexual differentiation is androgen-dependent might also show a sex difference in digit ratios. The 2D:4D ratio of adult outbred mice was calculated for both the left and right rear paws. A sex difference was observed in the right rear paw: female mice had a larger 2D:4D ratio than did males. We also found this difference in prepubescent weanling mice. This sex difference is in the same direction as that observed in humans, and suggests that sexual dimorphism in digit length ratios is a feature common to many, if not all, mammals. The mouse may therefore be a useful animal model for studying the factors that influence finger length patterns, which have recently been correlated with several specific behaviors and disease predispositions in humans.     

雄激素受体基因CAG、GGN重复片段多态性与指长比(2D∶4D)的关联性

目的探讨雄激素受体(AR)基因CAG、GGN重复片段多态性与指长比之间的关联性。方法研究对象来自宁夏医科大学2011级健康学生共685例,男性294例,平均年龄(20.02±1.28)岁,女性391例,平均年龄(19.25±1.55)岁。用ABI 3730XL测序仪测定AR基因的(CAG)n及(GGN)n重复数目,照片打好点后用电子游标卡尺对指长比进行测定。2D∶4D经均值±2标准差筛选,用独立样本t检验检测2D∶4D在男性与女性个体中的分布差异。用四分位法筛选出较低(Q1)与较高(Q3)2D∶4D。用相关分析检验AR基因中CAG和GGN两个多态性位点与2D∶4D的关联性。结果女性右手、左手及左右手平均2D∶4D均高于男性(P0.05,P0.01,P0.01),但DR-L2D∶4D的分布差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。AR CAG/GGN重复多态性与男性右手及左手2D∶4D无关联性(P0.05),但CAG重复多态性与Q1 DR-L及Q3平均2D∶4D存在关联性(r=0.280,P0.05,r=0.274,P0.05)。女性较短CAG等位基因与Q3平均2D∶4D存在关联性(r=0.337,P0.05),女性较长CAG等位基因与Q3右手及DR-L2D∶4D存在关联性(r=0.238,P0.05;r=0.175,P0.05),女性平均CAG等位基因与Q3平均2D∶4D存在关联性(r=0.236,P0.05)。女性较长GGN等位基因与女性右手2D∶4D存在关联性(r=0.204,P0.05),女性平均GGN等位基因与Q3平均2D∶4D存在关联性(r=0.225,P0.05)。结论 AR基因CAG与GGN重复片段多态性可能与指长比存在关联性,联合运用四分位法与相关分析可能是揭示AR多态性与指长比关联性的一种更好的方法。     

广西汉族和壮族大学生指长比与攻击行为的相关性

目的:探讨广西汉族和壮族大学生指长比与攻击行为的相关性,为预防大学生攻击行为的发生提供一定的参考。方法:随机选取416例身体健康的广西汉族和壮族大学生(汉族182例,壮族234例)为研究对象。在知情同意的条件下,采用直接测量法测量左右手2D、3D、4D和5D指长,并用攻击行为问卷对研究对象进行调查。按民族和性别分组,计算左右手指长比2D:3D、2D:4D、2D:5D、3D:4D、3D:5D和4D:5D,探讨左右手各指长比与攻击行为的相关性。结果:汉族男生右2D:4D与敌对呈正直线相关。汉族女生左2D:3D与愤怒、敌对和攻击总分呈正直线相关,左2D:4D与敌对呈正直线相关,左3D:5D与身体攻击、右3D:5D与身体攻击和攻击总分、左4D:5D与身体攻击、右4D:5D与身体攻击和攻击总分均呈负直线相关。壮族女生右2D:3D与敌对和攻击总分呈正直线相关,右3D:5D与敌对呈负直线相关。结论:部分指长比对预防广西汉族大学生和广西壮族女大学生攻击行为的发生可能具有一定的参考意义。