苞叶雪莲水提物对小鼠辐射防护作用研究

目的 初步探讨苞叶雪莲水提物对小鼠辐射损伤的防护作用。方法 以辐射损伤小鼠作为研究对象,分别以不同剂量苞叶雪莲水提物予照射+给药组灌胃,而单纯照射组(IR组)灌相应量的生理盐水,灌胃5d后接受6Gy的X射线一次全身照射,然后再灌胃5d并继续观察,至第18天,测定体重、静脉血中的RBC、WBC、PLT、Hb含量、骨髓有核细胞数、骨髓DNA含量(A值)、脾重量、脾指数。结果 与IR组比较,各给药+照射组小鼠的体重、WBC、PLT、骨髓DNA含量(A值)、骨髓有核细胞数、脾重量、脾指数均明显升高,存在显著性统计学差异,P<0.01(血小板的IR+LD组、脾重量、脾指数P<0.05),各组均以IR+HD组升高最为明显;各给药+照射组小鼠的RBC、Hb含量与IR组比较无统计学差异,P>0.05。结论 苞叶雪莲水提物中的活性成分对小鼠的造血系统有明显的辐射防护作用,并能刺激小鼠脾细胞增殖,改善免疫功能。外周血RBC、Hb含量各照射组差异不明显,这可能与RBC、Hb代谢周期较长,造血组织对RBC释放、Hb合成延迟有关。     

苞叶雪莲水提物对小鼠生殖细胞辐射防护作用的研究

目的 初步研究苞叶雪莲水提物对小鼠生殖细胞的辐射防护作用。方法 以辐射损伤小鼠作为研究对象,分别给予不同剂量的苞叶雪莲水提物灌胃14d后接受4Gy的X射线一次性全身照射,后继续灌胃,在照射后第35天处死小鼠,测量小鼠精子畸形率。结果 各给药组+照射组与照射组相比较,低剂量、中剂量、高剂量小鼠精子畸形率低于照射组。其中,中剂量组和高剂量组明显低于照射组,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论 苞叶雪莲水提物中的活性成分对小鼠的生殖细胞有一定程度的防辐射损伤作用。     

丙二醇对预防5.5 Gy 60Co γ射线全身照射小鼠辐射损伤的初步探讨

目的 初步探讨小分子化合物丙二醇对C57BL/6J小鼠辐射损伤的防护作用。方法 将40只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为5组：正常组、照射组、丙二醇照射前1h给药组、照射前3 h给药组和照射前6h给药组,5.5 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ射线全身照射后10 d采集外周血,检测外周血WBC,RBC,PLT的变化。将36只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为3组：对照组、照射组和丙二醇照射前1 h给药组。在照射后7 d,10 d,18 d称量小鼠体重,处死小鼠,计算脾脏指数和胸腺指数;观察照射后10 d小鼠脾脏结构的病理变化;检测照射后7 d的小鼠血清总超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平。结果 丙二醇照射前1 h给药显著升高照射后10 d小鼠外周血WBC,PLT（t=2.53、3.72,P<0.05）。丙二醇照射前1h给药显著提高5.5 Gy照射后10 d小鼠的体重（t=2.86,P<0.05）;提高照射后7 d小鼠的脾脏指数（t=2.95,P<0.05）,和照射后7 d、18 d小鼠的胸腺指数（t=2.74,6.81,P<0.05）;减轻辐射导致的小鼠脾脏损伤,对辐射导致的小鼠血清SOD减少有缓解作用,但无统计学意义。结论 丙二醇照射前1 h给药对⁶⁰Co γ射线照射导致的小鼠辐射损伤具有一定的保护作用,其保护作用机制可能是提高机体造血、免疫功能,降低氧化应激。     

乳铁蛋白对小鼠的辐射防护作用

目的 研究乳铁蛋白对辐射损伤小鼠的保护作用。方法 小鼠随机分成3组,空白对照组、单纯照射组、给药组。给予6.8Gy照射剂量小鼠30d观察各组存活率实验;给予2Gy照射剂量观察各组小鼠的骨髓微核率并对有核细胞进行计数。结果 单纯照射组小鼠照后死亡率较高,25d全部死亡,与给药组比较存活时间差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),一般情况也有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。单纯照射组照后小鼠骨髓有核细胞数明显下降,而乳铁蛋白给药组(包括照前给药和照后给药)高于单纯照射组,比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。单纯照射组照后3d小鼠骨髓的微核细胞率明显升高,而乳铁蛋白给药组低于单纯照射组,比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论 乳铁蛋白无论是照前给药还是照后给药都具有较好的抗辐射作用。     

肿瘤细胞及辐照对近交系KM-HL小鼠影响的研究

目的 观察KM-HL鼠对肿瘤细胞的易感性;对¹³⁷Cs-γ射线致免疫功能下降的研究,为KM-HL鼠作为实验用鼠提供理论依据。方法 给KM-HL小鼠接上S₁₈₀、U₁₄和H₂₂等肿瘤,观察其生长情况;使KM-HL受到¹³⁷Cs-γ线6.5Gy照射后,致免疫功能下降,观察血液、造血系统、脾系数、胸腺系数等免疫指标。结果 KM-HL小鼠接种S₁₈₀、U₁₄和H₂₂的液体瘤细胞或实体瘤均生长较好;KM-HL小鼠受到照射后各项生理指标与对照组比有所下降并有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 近交系KM-HL小鼠可作为肿瘤药物筛选和免疫功能药物筛选的实验用鼠。     

吡咯喹啉醌对γ辐射小鼠防护作用的初步研究

目的 研究吡咯喹啉醌(PQQ)对γ辐射小鼠的防护作用。方法 将40只昆明小鼠随机分四组,即未照射组、单纯照射组、照射前给药组、照射后给药组。给药组小鼠口服PQQ剂量按体重计每天2mg/kg,连续给药7天。采用⁶⁰Coγ射线单次全身照射,剂量5Gy。于照射后第8天,颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,收集血清、制备肝匀浆,进行各项生化指标测定。制作肝HE染色切片。结果 照射后小鼠血清及肝脏中SOD、T-AOC显著下降(P<0.05),MDA显著升高(P<0.05)。照射给药组小鼠血清SOD、T-AOC含量显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著减低(P<0.05);肝脏中SOD含量显著升高(P<0.05)。所有照射组小鼠肝组织都有肝板排列紊乱,出现肝细胞水肿,变性、坏死现象。结论 γ辐射引发小鼠全身性的氧化应激,肝脏是重要的辐射敏感器官。PQQ对γ辐射小鼠的防护作用机制是:PQQ能直接清除自由基,同时能调动照射小鼠的全身自由基清除系统,尤其是SOD的活性,降低自由基含量。     

宽筋藤对辐射损伤小鼠造血功能的影响

目的 研究宽筋藤对辐射损伤小鼠造血功能的影响。方法 小鼠被分为五组:阴性对照组、照射对照组、药物高、中、低剂量组。实验组小鼠在⁶⁰Coγ射线6Gy照射后,药物组被给予不同剂量药物,其余两组给予生理盐水。分别在照射前4小时、照后第7、14天检测血象三次。在照后14d,处死小鼠,观察药物对骨髓DNA含量、骨髓有核细胞数、脾结节的影响。结果 宽筋藤照后给药,给药组小鼠外周血红细胞、血小板,骨髓有核细胞计数及骨髓DNA含量比照射对照组明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 宽筋藤照后给药能促进放疗后骨髓造血功能的恢复,具有一定的抗辐射作用。     

鲨鱼软骨粘多糖对雄性小鼠免疫及生殖器官的辐射防护作用

目的 观察鲨鱼软骨粘多糖对γ射线损伤雄性小鼠免疫器官及生殖器官的保护作用。方法 将50只雄性小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组及低(0.5g/kg·d)、中(1.0g/kg·d)、高(2.0g/kg·d)三个剂量鲨鱼软骨粘多糖组,每天一次灌胃给药,给药体积为0.4ml/20g,灌胃2周后,除正常对照组外,各组均以剂量率为0.83Gy/h的⁶⁰Coγ射线进行一次全身照射,照射剂量为5Gy。于辐照前1d,辐照后3d、14d测定小鼠体重、外周血白细胞数,辐照后14d测定小鼠胸腺指数,脾指数,骨髓有核细胞计数、睾丸重量指数,精子总数及精子畸形率。结果 鲨鱼软骨粘多糖可使辐照后3d中、高剂量组小鼠外周血白细胞数明显高于模型组(P<0.05),辐照后14d,中、高剂量组小鼠的胸腺指数、骨髓有核细胞数及精子总数明显高于模型组(P<0.05),高剂量组小鼠的脾指数及睾丸重量指数显著高于模型组(P<0.05),中、高剂量组的精子畸形率显著低于模型组(P<0.01)。结论 鲨鱼软骨粘多糖对辐射损伤小鼠的免疫器官及生殖器官具有一定的保护作用。     

纳米硒的免疫调节及辐射防护作用研究

目的 研究纳米硒对小鼠免疫功能和辐射损伤的影响。方法 经口给小鼠每kg体重2.5μg/kg、5.0μg/kg、15.0μg/kg纳米硒。检测6项免疫调节指标和3项抗辐射损伤指标。结果 纳米硒对小鼠迟发型变态反应有促进作用,ConA诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖能力明显增强,溶血空斑数、血清溶血素也显著高于对照组,巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞吞噬指数及碳廓清指数明显高于对照组。纳米硒可显著提高受⁶⁰Co-γ射线照射小鼠的白细胞总数和骨髓细胞DNA含量,增强血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力。结论 纳米硒能够增强小鼠细胞免疫和体液免疫功能以及单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能,对小鼠具有辐射防护作用。     

纳米氧化铈对小鼠辐射损伤防护作用的研究

目的 探讨纳米氧化铈(CeO₂)对小鼠辐射损伤的防护作用。方法 140只BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常对照组,照射对照组,阳性药物对照(氨磷汀)、纳米氧化铈低剂量组(100 mg/kg)、纳米氧化铈中剂量组(300 mg/kg)和纳米氧化铈高剂量(900 mg/kg)组。小鼠经3.5 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ射线一次性全身照射(剂量率1 Gy/min)。于照射后3天、8天处死小鼠,检测脾脏和胸腺系数和骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率,并对照后8天小鼠血浆SOD和小鼠胸腺淋巴细胞肌动蛋白微丝骨架进行观测。结果 照后3天,与照射对照组相比,纳米氧化铈中、高剂量组的胸腺系数明显增加(P<0.05或P< 0.01),优于阳性药物组;纳米氧化铈用药组脾脏系数有升高的趋势,但差异无统计学意义;纳米氧化铈药物组骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核细胞率均降低,特别是低剂量组微核细胞率与照射对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),作用优于阳性药物组。照后8天,与照射对照组相比,纳米氧化铈药物组骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核细胞率持续降低;纳米氧化铈中剂量组小鼠血清总SOD活力有升高趋势,差异无统计学意义,胸腺淋巴细胞微丝骨架形态较完整。结论 纳米氧化铈具有一定的辐射防护作用,其机制可能与提高机体免疫能力、保护造血组织免于辐射诱发的损伤有关。     

阿的平对高功率微波损伤小鼠睾丸的保护作用

目的:探讨阿的平对高功率微波辐射小鼠睾丸的保护作用。方法:雄性小鼠随机分为4组,即正常组、辐射对照组、阿的平低剂量组(12.6mg/kg)、阿的平高剂量组(50.4mg/kg)。小鼠分别灌胃给予注射用水和不同剂量阿的平后,使用频率2.856GHz、脉宽500ns的微波源,进行50mW/cm2的微波远场照射30min。于照射后即刻、1d、2d、7d取小鼠睾丸。将小鼠睾丸组织病理切片观察其形态学变化;组织蛋白匀浆法提取睾丸组织蛋白检测热休克蛋白(HSP)70表达变化。结果:微波照射小鼠30min后,辐射对照组的睾丸组织从即刻至7d均有病理改变,曲精小管边缘不整齐,生精细胞水肿,排列紊乱,间质充血。给药组与对照组相比曲精小管排列基本整齐,边缘清晰,生精上皮细胞肿胀较对照组减轻。其中给药低剂量组在照射即刻至2d改善效果与高剂量组相似,但在7d时高剂量组的改善效果明显优于低剂量组。Western blot结果显示,在照后2d阿的平高、低剂量给药组与辐射对照组相比HSP70蛋白表达升高,在7d时只有阿的平高剂量组与辐射对照组相比HSP70蛋白表达升高。结论:阿的平可能是通过上调HSP70蛋白的表达,发挥其抗炎和抗凋亡作用,从而对高功率微波致伤的小鼠睾丸组织产生保护作用。     

Protection against influenza virus infection by nasal vaccination in advance of sublethal irradiation

The effect of sublethal gamma-ray irradiation on the protection conferred by a nasal influenza vaccine was investigated in BALB/c mice. A radiation dose of 7 Gy was selected as the sublethal dose as this caused exacerbation of the influenza but was not lethal in the mouse model. Mice were irradiated 7 days before, on the same day as, and 7 days after, administration of a nasal influenza vaccine, and were then infected with a lethal dose of the virus 4 weeks after vaccination. Almost all mice irradiated 7 days before or on the same day as vaccination died from viral pneumonia around 7 days after the challenge infection, whereas all mice irradiated 7 days after vaccination survived with no sign of infection. In mice irradiated 7 days after vaccination, both local anti-viral IgA and systemic IgG antibodies were produced in parallel with a marked reduction in lung viral titer, although no antibody production and no reduction in lung viral titer were detected in mice irradiated 7 days before, or on the same day as, vaccination. These results clearly demonstrate that vaccination with influenza virus before irradiation can protect mice from subsequent infection. This may be applicable to patients due to receive sublethal irradiation for bone marrow transplantation.     

小鼠放射性免疫低下模型的研究

目的保健食品功能性评价中放射性免疫低下模型建立的研究。方法采用30～34g的健康雄性昆明种小鼠90只,随机分成6个组,每组15只,包括3个照射组和3个相应的对照组。对照射组分别以3Gy、4Gy、5Gy剂量γ射线一次性全身照射后,观察照射后3、7、14、21天,小鼠细胞免疫(迟发型变态反应)、体液免疫(血清溶血试验)、单核巨噬细胞系统(鸡红细胞吞噬试验)、NK细胞活性试验等四个方面的变化情况。结果与结论(1)一次性全身3Gy、4Gy、5Gy照射后,在一定的时间范围内,小鼠的免疫系统处于免疫低下状态。(2)不同免疫指标损伤开始恢复的时间不同。血清溶血素对辐射损伤最敏感且损伤恢复最慢,至辐照后21天尚未恢复,腹腔巨噬细胞对辐射损伤恢复最快,在辐照后7d即恢复并代偿性增强。(3)经3Gy、4Gy、5Gy一次性全身照射后3d,体重增长值、脏器指数、足趾肿胀度、血中半数溶血值、腹腔巨噬细胞鸡红细胞吞噬指数均处于低下状态,可以建立放射性免疫低下模型,以评价保健食品的对辐射损伤具有辅助保护功能、免疫调节功能和减低放疗毒副作用的动物模型。(4)脾NK细胞活性指标不适于放射性免疫低下模型的建立。     

低剂量辐射对小鼠蛋白质代谢的影响

目的 :　了解一次性低剂量辐射对小鼠蛋白质代谢是否有影响 ,为辐射防护提供参考。方法 :　选用生长期和成年期小鼠各 3 0只 ,随机分成 3组 ,雄雌各半。分别接受 0 ,2 5 0 m Gy,5 0 0 m Gy60 Coγ射线一次全身照射 ,剂量率为 78.6 c Gy/min。每只动物每天定量给予 4g饲料 ,照射后第 7d起恢复自由进食 ,测定动物照射后连续 3 d的氮平衡 ,每 3 d称一次体重。照射后 1 0 d测定血红蛋白 (Hb) ,血清总蛋白 (TP)和血清非蛋白氮 (NPN)。结果 :　成年期小鼠在照射后 6 d时体重显著减少 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,恢复自由进食后体重减轻得到恢复。氮平衡试验中生长期小鼠 5 0 0 m Gy组 ,成年期 2 5 0 m Gy和 5 0 0 m Gy剂量组的正氮平衡低于相应的对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )。照射 5 0 0 m Gy使 Hb和 TP有所下降 ,同时 NPN升高 ,但未达到统计学显著差别。结论 :　一次性暴露于 2 5 0m Gy电离辐射对氮代谢有不良效应。     

负离子对小鼠缺氧耐受力功能的影响

目的 观察负离子对小鼠缺氧耐受力功能的影响.方法 每天连续给小鼠使用负离子发生器4h,分别连续接触负离子7、14和30 d后,测定小鼠的血液生化指标和进行提高缺氧耐受力功能测定.结果 负离子对白细胞、血小板无影响,对小鼠的各项生化指标无影响;而每日接触负离子4h,连续30 d,红细胞数量和血红蛋白含量都有明显的提高,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);每天接触负离子4h,连续接触7、14、30 d,可使小鼠亚硝酸钠中毒存活时间明显延长;连续接触7、14、30 d,可使小鼠急性脑缺血性缺氧存活时间明显延长,与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 负离子可以通过改善红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量提高机体的携氧能力,也可以提高小鼠的缺氧耐受力.     

Persistent infection of influenza virus in irradiated mice and its prevention by intranasal vaccination.

Effects of intranasal administration of influenza vaccine on persistent viral infection in gamma-ray irradiated mice were examined. BALB/c mice were exposed to a sub-lethal dose of gamma-ray (7Gy) and infected intranasally with non-lethal A/PR/8/34 (PR8, H1N1) viruses. The mice irradiated on days 0 or +2 of infection showed a significant weight loss with a slight decrease in survival rate 3 weeks after infection. These mice kept infective viruses in the nasal and/or lung sites even 3 weeks after infection (persistent viral infection) without IgA or IgG antibodies (Abs), although non-irradiated infected mice cleared the virus completely within 2 weeks. On the other hand, the pretreatment with the nasal adjuvant-combined vaccine (3 days before irradiation) prevented the persistent viral infection with the Abs. These results demonstrate that the exacerbation of influenza is induced by the irradiation during early days of infection (0-2 days) and that the exacerbation is prevented by the intranasal vaccination at least 3 days before irradiation.     

Rift Valley fever MP-12 vaccine elicits an early protective immune response in mice

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an important mosquito-borne pathogen that causes outbreaks of severe disease in people and livestock throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. The development of an effective veterinary and human vaccine to protect against Rift Valley fever (RVF) disease remains a high priority. The live attenuated RVFV MP-12 is a promising vaccine candidate for the prevention of RVF in both human and domestic ruminants. The aim of this study was to determine the onset of protective immunity elicted in mice by a single dose of this vaccine. Groups of CD-1 mice were vaccinated intraperitoneally with RVFV MP-12 vaccine and challenged on days 2, 5, 6 and 7 post-vaccination (PV) with a lethal dose of virulent RVFV. The mice were observed once daily for terminal morbidity and blood samples were obtained from the retro-orbital sinus complex on days 23 and 28 PV of surviving mice to determine RVFV neutralizing antibody titers. In one test, 2 of 3 mice challenged on day 2 PV survived and all 3 mice challenged at days 5 and 7 PV also survived. A second test of 10 mice per group was performed, and half (5) of those challenged at day 2 PV survived while all (10) survived challenge at day 4 and 6 PV. All surviving animals develop antibody that ranged from 1:80 to 1:1,280 PV. In a separate experiment, RVFV MP-12 vaccinated CD-1 mice, but not challenged developed a low viremia for the first 3 days PV and neutralzing antibody was detected on days 5 through day 28 PV. These findings demonstrated that the RVFV MP-12 vaccine elicited a rapid protective immune response in mice as early as 2 days PV, thus further supporting the effectiveness of this vaccine candidate for preventing RVF among humans and domestic ruminants.     

Low-dose whole-body irradiation induced radioadaptive response in C57BL/6 mice

Radioadaptive survival responses after relatively low doses of radiation were investigated in C57BL/6 mice. The 8-week-old mice received whole-body mid-lethal challenging irradiation (5.9 Gy) at various intervals after conditioning whole-body irradiation with 50-400 mGy. Thereafter, survival of the mice was observed for 30 days. The mice receiving 400 mGy at 6 h before the challenging dose had a lower survival rate than the control group, but it was not observed when the conditioning 400-mGy irradiation was given 24 h beforehand. The conditioning doses of 100 and 200 mGy did not influence the survival of mice after the challenging dose. The mice receiving 50 mGy at 1 day, 3 days or 1 week before the challenging dose had a higher survival rate than the control, although this adaptive response was not observed when 50 mGy was given 6 h, 12 h, 3.5 weeks, or 5 weeks beforehand. When 50 mGy was given 2 weeks before the challenging dose, the adaptive response was observed in an experiment in which the mice were caged in our laboratory at the age of 5 weeks, whereas it was not observed in another experiment in which the mice were caged at 3 weeks. This study confirmed the presence of radioadaptive survival responses at the dose of 50 mGy given relatively shortly before the challenging dose.     

大豆异黄酮复合胶囊毒理学安全性评价

目的评价大豆异黄酮复合胶囊的安全性。方法依据食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法进行急性毒性试验、A-m es试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验和30d喂养试验。结果小鼠经口MTD10.0 g/kgBW,属实际无毒级;Am es试验、骨髓细胞微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性;30d喂养试验中各项指标均未见异常。结论在本试验条件下,大豆异黄酮复合胶囊是安全的。