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目的 建立带有MBT直丝弓矫治器的颞下颌关节(TMJ)、上下颌骨及牙列的三维有限元模型，研究MBT直丝弓矫治器的力学行为。 方法 2007年3月至12月于吉林大学口腔医学院通过多层螺旋CT扫描，获得TMJ、上下颌骨及牙列数据，采用Mimics、Ansys多种软件相结合的方法，建立包括TMJ、上下颌骨及牙列的MBT直丝弓矫治器的三维有限元模型。 结果 建立了左侧TMJ、上下颌骨及牙列的MBT直丝弓矫治器的三维有限元模型，还可根据不同研究目的添加和删除组织及部件。 结论 所建立的三维有限元模型为进一步分析临床中MBT直丝弓矫治器的力学行为提供了一个良好的平台，进而为临床操作提供理论依据。     

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迄今为止,根管治疗术仍是治疗牙髓和根尖周疾病最有效的方法,近二十多年来的发展,使根管治疗不仅在基础研究方面取得了长足的发展,而且根管治疗的预备器械、预备方法也有了很大的改进.根管充填材料和方法的进一步完善以及根管手术显微镜的使用,使根管治疗的临床成功率可达90%以上.     

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??Tooth extraction is the most basic operation in oral treatment. In the mouth??there are all sorts of hard and soft tissue blocking vision??such as cheek and tongue??which leads to the fact that view is not clear. The saliva and blood also affect the field of vision in the process of  tooth extraction. Extracting tooth blindly may damage the surrounding soft tissue and lead to complications. In order to avoid damage to the surrounding soft tissue??auxiliary tooth extraction equipment is used for tooth extraction??which will provide better operative field and improve the operative field definition. In this paper??the selection and use of auxiliary tooth extraction equipment are introduced??which will offer help to the oral and maxillofacial surgeons.     

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??With the progress of the alveolar surgical technique and the renewal of the equipment??at present??all of the clinically affected teeth can be extracted by conventional extraction techniques and surgical extraction techniques. However??there are still complications in some particular cases of anatomical location. In order to avoid the occurrence of complications??some special equipment and techniques have also been used for the extraction of some complex teeth. This article elaborated the work principle??the merit and shortcoming and the application scope of some special equipment and the technology in order to provide reference for the choice of tooth extraction equipment in different clinical cases.     

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双侧唇裂或(和)唇腭裂一期整复后,尽管修复了唇裂或唇腭裂,但仍有诸多畸形存在,如鼻尖低平、鼻小柱短小、双侧鼻孔不等大对称、鼻翼塌陷、鼻堤缺失;上唇过紧、人中     

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正畸治疗后是否应该进行调[牙合]是一个颇具争议的问题,其主要原因之一是目前对正常[牙合]的标准尚未达成共识,因此,正畸后调[牙合]治疗的目标尚不明确。本文根据笔者的临床工作体会,阐述了正畸结束时进行调[牙合]治疗的必要性以及调[牙合]治疗的指征、时机和注意事项。     

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目的评价口腔卫生宣教和指导在老年人牙周治疗中的作用。方法选择2008年6月至2009年6月肇庆市第一人民医院口腔科轻、中度牙周病患者100例,随机分为试验组和对照组,各50例。在牙周治疗过程中对试验组患者进行口腔卫生宣教和指导。在初诊及之后1周、3个月、6个月、1年时分别检测两组患者的菌斑指数-QT改良法(PLI-QT)和牙龈指数(GI)。结果试验组与对照组初诊时的PLI和GI指数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后两组PLI和GI指数差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组治疗后1周至1年的PLI和GI指数均明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而对照组治疗后1周和3个月的PLI和GI指数虽与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但治疗后6个月至1年指数逐渐增长至治疗前水平。结论在口腔医疗服务中增加口腔卫生宣教和指导的内容,把口腔健康教育贯穿于老年牙周患者治疗的全过程,有助于牙周治疗效果的维护。     

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乳牙易患龋,且进展快,对儿童口腔局部和机体都有不良影响。因乳牙终将被替换,乳牙龋病常被忽视,得不到及时治疗。为提高人们对乳牙龋病认识,沈阳市大东区牙病防治所在所辖区幼儿园和小学校进行儿童口腔保健知识宣教,并行乳牙龋病治疗,取得良好疗效。现报道如下。     

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牙槽骨在一生中都进行着不断的更新与重建,牙槽骨重建是一个复杂的生化反应过程,该过程包括破骨细胞(osteoclast,OC)介导的骨吸收和成骨细胞(osteoblast,OB)介导的骨形成。在这个过程中有多种细胞因子参与,研究OB和OC的传导通路和相关因子具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

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天疱疮是一种原因不明的大疱性自身免疫性疾病,可累及全身皮肤及黏膜,是一种严重的易致死性疾病。天疱疮确切的发病机制尚不清楚,目前已证明天疱疮是由患者体内出现的针对自身表皮角质形成细胞上的桥粒芯糖蛋     

下颌恒切牙先天缺失与颅面形态关系的研究

目的：探讨下颌恒切牙先天缺失与颅面形态的关系。方法：选取34例下切牙先天缺失患者作为研究对象。对其牙齿缺失的类型、骨面型及X线头影测量进行分析,并与正常值进行比较。采用SPSS17．0统计软件进行统计学处理。结果：34例患者的矢状骨面型构成比分别是I类58．8％,Ⅱ类32.4％,Ⅲ类8．8％;垂直骨面型构成比分别为均角型64．7％,高角型29．4％,低角型5．9％。头影测量分析数据显示,男女两组组问比较,LI—NB距离及L1-NB角差异有统计学意义;男女两组与正常值比较,L1-MP角、L1-NB距离及L1-NB角均明显小于正常值,差异有统计学意义;男女两组的骨性指标与正常值比较,SNA、SNB及ANB差异均无统计学意义,男女组软组织指标差异也无统计学意义。结论：下切牙先天缺失患者的生长发育方式有性别差异。患者颌骨矢状向、垂直向发育均基本正常。下切牙牙轴明显舌向倾斜。     

62例伴先天缺牙错畸形的正畸治疗临床分析

目的回顾性总结分析伴有先天缺牙的错畸形患者先天缺牙的部位、类型和矫治方法。方法选择结束治疗的正畸患者中伴有先天缺牙者62例,对缺牙数目、部位、类型和矫治方法进行总结分析。结果缺牙部位最常见的是下颌中切牙、上颌侧切牙和下颌侧切牙,以少数牙缺失为主,女性多于男性。7例替牙期患者行一期矫治,恒牙列中23例结合拔牙减数,19例行集中间隙、结合义齿修复,10例结合邻面去釉减径,2例行前移后牙替代的方法进行矫治,矫治结果满意。结论对伴有先天缺牙的错畸形,替牙期先行一期矫治后观察,恒牙期根据缺牙数目、部位、类型及错采用结合减数、减径或集中间隙修复的方法均可获得满意的矫治效果。     

下颌恒切牙先天缺失与颅面形态关系的研究

目的 探讨下颌恒切牙先天缺失与颅面形态的关系。方法 选取33例下切牙先天缺失患者作为实验组,分别对其牙齿缺失的类型、骨面型、Bolton指数及X线头影测量进行分析,并与正常对照组进行比较。结果 实验组33例患者的矢状骨面型构成比分别是Ⅰ类60.6%,Ⅱ类30.3%,Ⅲ类9.1%;垂直骨面型构成比分别为均角型66.7%,高角型30.3%,低角型3.0%。Bolton指数统计结果显示下切牙先天缺失患者的前牙比和全牙比明显小于对照值。头影测量分析数据显示,男女两组组间比较,L1-NB距离及L1-NB角差异有统计学意义;男女两组与对照值比较,L1-MP角、L1-NB距离及L1-NB角均明显小于正常值,差异有统计学意义。结论 下切牙先天缺失患者的生长发育方式有性别差异。患者颌骨矢状向、垂直向发育均基本正常。下切牙牙轴明显舌向倾斜。     

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目的    评价正畸拔除第二前磨牙对第三磨牙萌出角度和萌出间隙的影响。方法    选择2007年1月至2010年7月在济南市口腔医院正畸科行直丝弓正畸治疗的41例安氏Ⅰ类错牙合青少年患者,所有患者第二前磨牙及第二磨牙完全萌出,第三磨牙牙冠已形成但均未萌出。按治疗方法分为拔牙组（21例,均拔除4个第二前磨牙）和非拔牙组（20例）。在治疗前后分别拍摄全口曲面断层片,测量第三磨牙的倾斜角度和萌出间隙。结果    治疗前后上、下颌第三磨牙萌出间隙的增加值拔牙组大于非拔牙组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.001）。上颌第三磨牙萌出角度的增加值拔牙组大于非拔牙组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,而下颌第三磨牙萌出角度的增加值两组间差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论    正畸拔除第二前磨牙可以增加上、下颌第三磨牙的萌出间隙,并使上颌第三磨牙萌出角度更加直立。     

Root canal treatment of three‐rooted maxillary second premolars: Report of four cases

The aim of this report is to contribute to a better understanding of the radiographic, clinical and anatomic findings in maxillary second premolars. This paper reports the endodontic treatment of two cases of three‐rooted three‐canal maxillary second premolars in different patients, and two sound maxillary second premolars also with three canals and three independent roots in a sibling of one of the patients. Although the presence of maxillary second premolars with one or two canals and one root is much more common, other anatomic conditions can be found. A correct clinical and radiographic diagnosis based on knowledge of root canal anatomy and critical interpretation of radiographs is necessary for a safer and successful endodontic treatment of these teeth.     

Four‐rooted mandibular second premolar

The diverse morphology of the root canal system of the mandibular premolar is a challenge for the clinician to clean, shape and obturate. A case report of a mandibular second premolar with four fused roots which separated at different levels along the apical third of its root and underwent endodontic treatment is presented, along with a review of the literature.     

Diagnosis and root canal treatment of a mandibular second premolar with three root canals

AIM: To present a case of a mandibular second premolar with three root canals. SUMMARY: An accurate diagnosis of the morphology of the root canal system is a prerequisite for successful root canal treatment. A review of the literature reveals a low incidence of all types of premolars with three root canals. Diagnostic means such as preoperative radiographs and examination of the pulp chamber floor aid the location of root canal orifices. The diagnostic and therapeutic problems concerning premolars with unusual anatomy are described on the basis of a clinical example. A case report describes the successful treatment of a mandibular second premolar with three root canals. KEY LEARNING POINTS: Clinicians should be aware of unusual root canal anatomy in mandibular premolars. Radiographs exposed at two different horizontal angles and their careful interpretation facilitate the search of additional root canals. The use of magnification and additional lighting are recommended for the clinical examination of the pulpal floor.     

正畸技术联合种植修复技术治疗先天缺牙错[牙合]的临床应用体会

目的：探讨正畸技术联合种植修复技术治疗先天缺牙错的临床应用效果。方法：7例先天缺牙患者采用正畸技术集中间隙后植入14枚XIVE柱状螺纹纯钛种植体,治疗完成后用活动保持器保持。结果：14枚种植体经过12-38个月的随访无一例失败,并且牙列的咬合关系保持良好。结论：正畸联合种植义齿修复是一种较好的治疗先天缺牙错[牙合]的临床方法。     

Root canal re‐treatment of a mandibular second premolar with three root canals: a case report

Accurate diagnosis of root canal morphology and anatomy is essential for thorough shaping and cleaning of the entire root canal system and consequent successful root canal treatment. Mandibular premolars show a wide variety of root canal anatomy. This paper describes a case of mandibular second premolar with three root canals that has previously received an incomplete root canal treatment.     

Bilateral congenitally missing maxillary canines. A case report

Exclusive aplasia of maxillary permanent canines is extremely rare. There are only a few cases of this condition reported in the literature. This paper reports a case of bilateral congenitally missing canines in a healthy 11 year old male of Chinese origin. The article discusses problems in diagnosis and presents options in the management of such a case. The management option selected was the most appropriate for the family at the time of presentation.