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ARHI是1999年发现的母源性印迹基因,属于小G蛋白Ras超家族,是该家族第1个被报道的抑癌基因。ARHI的功能包括抑制小鼠生长和生殖发育,抑制细胞增殖、迁移,参与周期调控和凋亡,近年来研究发现ARHI还具有调控肿瘤细胞自噬、抑制肿瘤转移的作用。ARHI蛋白在人体卵巢、乳腺等多种组织中表达,在卵巢癌、乳腺癌、甲状腺癌、胰腺癌、肝癌组织中表达下调,ARHI基因高表达可提示卵巢癌、胰腺癌的预后良好。ARHI表达调控机制包括杂合性丢失、DNA甲基化、组蛋白去乙酰化、转录因子调节、miRNA和突变,应用表观遗传学技术调节ARHI表达可能在一些肿瘤中具有抗肿瘤临床应用价值。ARHI基因参与调节肿瘤细胞休眠过程,有望成为诱导肿瘤细胞休眠、抗肿瘤转移复发的关键点。 相似文献
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MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类新发现的长度约22nt、广泛存在于动植物中、对基因的调控起着重要作用的单链非编码RNA。大量研究表明,miRNA通过调控细胞周期、细胞凋亡、细胞迁移和血管生成等肿瘤相关基因的表达,参与了肿瘤的发生、发展和预后。本文将主要讨论miRNA在乳腺癌中的研究进展。 相似文献
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微小RNA(miRNA)是一种小的非编码单链RNA,可以通过转录和翻译来调节机体内的各项生理活动,与肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭、转移、凋亡等过程密切相关.目前,抗肿瘤治疗的效果远不能令人满意,原因之一是人们对肿瘤发生机制的认识尚不足,且临床缺乏行之有效的肿瘤早期诊断手段,严重威胁患者的生命健康.研究发现,miRNA-122可能是一种潜在的对肿瘤发生发展具有抑制作用的RNA,通过调节肿瘤细胞中相应靶分子的表达,在促进肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞进展中发挥重要作用.本文就miRNA-122在肿瘤发生发展中的研究进展进行总结,旨在为肿瘤的治疗提供参考. 相似文献
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激活的cdc42相关酪氨酸激酶1(activated cdc42-associated tyrosine kinase 1,ACK1)作为一种非受体酪氨酸激酶,参与多种细胞生理活动,与许多肿瘤发生发展息息相关,在前列腺癌、乳腺癌、肺癌等多种肿瘤中均高表达,并与转移、浸润和预后等相关。本文拟就ACK1的结构特点、生物学功能及其在各种肿瘤中发挥的作用进行简要综述。 相似文献
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肝细胞癌是原发性肝癌的主要类型,也是人类恶性程度较高的肿瘤之一,其发病机制至今尚未完全阐明.表观遗传学机制在肿瘤的发生、发展中起重要作用,DNA甲基化和微小RNA (microRNA,miRNA)的调控机制属于表观遗传学的研究范畴.研究表明,DNA甲基化及miRNA在肝细胞癌的形成中分别或协同发挥着重要作用,miRNA是一类在转录后水平调节基因表达的非编码短链RNA.研究表明,DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰不仅可以调节蛋白编码基因的表达,而且可以调节miRNA的表达.在肝细胞癌中,一些异常表达的miRNAs(如miR-125b、miR-1-1、miR-124、miR-203和miR-191)是通过表观遗传学机制调控的.另外,在肝细胞癌中还发现了一类miRNAs通过调控表观遗传学通路中关键分子来改变整个基因组的表观遗传学状态.本文就DNA甲基化和miRNA之间复杂的相互调节机制在肝细胞癌发生和发展中的研究进展进行综述. 相似文献
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增殖、侵袭和转移是恶性肿瘤的重要生物学特征。果蝇Prospero同源异型盒蛋白1(prospero homeobox protein 1,Prox-1)是胚胎时期淋巴管生成及发育过程中最基本的调控因子,是淋巴管内皮细胞特异性标记物,与肿瘤淋巴道转移密切相关。研究表明,Prox-1与多种肿瘤如中枢神经系统、甲状腺、原发性肝、胃、胰腺、结直肠、乳腺、血液系统肿瘤及其他肉瘤等的发生发展密切相关。在不同的肿瘤中,根据生物学特性,Prox-1可表现为激活因子或阻遏因子。现就Prox-1的生物特性及其与各种肿瘤发生发展的关系进行综述。 相似文献
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柯萨奇-腺病毒受体在肿瘤发生发展机制中的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
柯萨奇-腺病毒受体(Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor,CAR)最早作为2型和5型腺病毒的受体而被人们发现和认识。大量研究发现CAR可以影响肿瘤细胞的生长、细胞骨架的变化、细胞间的粘附等,从而在肿瘤侵袭转移过程中起非常重要的作用。而且,CAR的表达与肿瘤的预后和腺病毒介导的减瘤效应也有密切的关系。基于CAR的重要作用,CAR已逐渐成为肿瘤发生发展机制及治疗领域研究中新的“热点”,本文结合CAR的基本结构及功能对以上研究的进展作一综述。 相似文献
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人母系表达基因(maternally expressed gene 3,MEG3)属于长链非编码RNA(long-chain non coding RNA,lncRNA),在人类许多正常组织中均有表达。目前MEG3在多种人类癌症组织为低表达,且其基因启动子呈现高甲基化状态,进而影响肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭、凋亡等方面,是肿瘤发生发展的抑制因子。lncRNA MEG3对肿瘤的分子调控作用,揭示其有望成为治疗的新靶点。本文综述了MEG3在各肿瘤中的功能作用与机制,讨论了MEG3在各肿瘤中的意义及存在的问题。但MEG3在肿瘤中的具体作用机制仍未阐明,需做进一步研究。 相似文献
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髓母细胞瘤(medulloblastoma)是儿童颅内恶性程度极高的常见肿瘤之一,具体病因不明,预后极差。现阶段随着髓母细胞瘤分子遗传学研究的逐步深入.microRNAfmiRNA)更成为研究的热点。本文将就miRNA与髓母细胞瘤的关系作一综述。 相似文献
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0 引言
微小RNA(miRNAs)是一类长度为21~30nt的高度保守的、内源性非编码蛋白质的单链小RNA分子~([1]).随着对miRNAs研究的深入,发现miRNAs调节人类1/3的基因,不仅参与个体发育、器官形成和物质代谢等生理过程,还与病毒复制和肿瘤发生等密切相关. 相似文献
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目前证实microRNA与肿瘤发生发展密切相关,microRNA有可能成为一类新的肿瘤标志物和抗肿瘤治疗靶点.全文对近年来microRNA在宫颈癌中的最新研究进展,特别是在宫颈癌发生、发展中的作用及与人乳头瘤病毒的相互关系作一综述. 相似文献
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James C. Lee Justin S. Gundara Anthony Glover Jonathan Serpell Stan B. Sidhu 《The oncologist》2014,19(11):1141-1147
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the major contributor to the dramatically increasing incidence of thyroid cancer. Low‐risk PTC shows the most rapid rate of increase because of changing trends in neck imaging and the use of fine needle aspiration to investigate thyroid nodules. The need for a paradigm shift in the management of these patients, to provide personalized treatment and surveillance plans, has led to the focus on molecular biomarker research. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) compose a class of molecules with promising applications for every stage of PTC management, including diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and surveillance. Although most of the miRNA studies are currently preclinical, given the rapid progress of scientific discovery, clinical trials will not be far away. Thyroid clinicians will be expected to have good insights into the current status of PTC‐related molecular translational research. This article focuses on the potential roles of miRNA in PTC management in the context of contemporary recommended clinical practice. 相似文献
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尽管肿瘤治疗模式在临床实践中已不断完善,但肿瘤仍严重威胁着人类健康。在癌症免疫治疗背景下,益生菌在肿瘤治疗中的影响已受到广泛关注。作为一种肠道黏膜层的常见定植菌,Akkermansiamuciniphila在代谢性疾病中的作用较为明确,但在肿瘤发生发展和治疗疗效中的复杂作用尚未被完全阐明。越来越多研究表明Akkermansia muciniphila独特的特性与生理作用在不同实体瘤中发挥重要作用,可能是潜在的生物标志物。本文就此作一综述并提出影响Akkermansia muciniphila丰度的临床策略,旨在为下一代益生菌开发与肿瘤治疗景观重塑提供理论参考。 相似文献
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Pokemon蛋白(也被称为LRF、ZBTB7、OCZF、FBI-1),即POK红系髓性致癌因子(erythroid ontogenic factor),是转录抑制因子POK家族的一员,现已被确认为原癌基因。微小核糖核酸microRNA(miRNA)是近年来研究最活跃的细胞调控因子,miRNA是一种22~25个核苷酸之间的非编码RNA,能在转录和翻译水平上调控基因表达,它们都在结肠癌中发挥作用。文章对Pokemon、miRNA调控结肠癌发生发展的研究进行综述。 相似文献
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Background:
A major challenge to the development of biomarkers for pancreatic cancer (PC) is the small amount of tissue obtained at the time of diagnosis. Single-gene analyses may not reliably predict biology of PC because of its complex molecular makeup. MicroRNA (miRNA) profiling may provide a more informative molecular interrogation of tumours. The primary objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of performing miRNA arrays and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT–PCR) from archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cell blocks obtained from fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) that is the commonest diagnostic procedure for suspected PC.Methods:
MicroRNA expression profiling was performed on FFPE from FNA of suspicious pancreatic masses. Subjects included those who had a pathological diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and others with a non-malignant pancreatic histology. Exiqon assay was used to quantify miRNA levels and qRT–PCR was used to validate abnormal expression of selected miRNAs.Results:
A total of 29 and 15 subjects had pancreatic adenocarcinoma and no evidence of cancer, respectively. The RNA yields per patient varied from 25 to 100 ng. Profiling demonstrated deregulation of over 228 miRNAs in pancreatic adenocarcinoma of which the top 7 were further validated by qRT–PCR. The expression of let-7c, let-7 f, and miR-200c were significantly reduced in most patients whereas the expression of miR-486-5p and miR-451 were significantly elevated in all pancreas cancer patients. MicroRNAs let-7d and miR-423-5p was either downregulated or upregulated with a significant inter-individual variation in their expression.Conclusion:
This study demonstrated the feasibility of using archival FFPE cell blocks from FNAs to establish RNA-based molecular signatures unique to pancreatic adenocarcinoma with potential applications in clinical trials for risk stratification, patient selection, and target validation. 相似文献20.
Lorenzo Nicolè MD Filippo Cappello MS Rocco Cappellesso MD PhD Christopher J. VandenBussche MD PhD Ambrogio Fassina MD 《Cancer cytopathology》2019,127(8):493-500
The cytomorphologic evaluation of serous cavity specimens can quickly determine the cause of an effusion as well as the presence or absence of a neoplastic process. Ancillary tests such as immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization are frequently used to help to definitively identify malignant cells, determine a site of origin, and distinguish between malignant and reactive mesothelial proliferations. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been increasingly evaluated in cytologic specimens, including those from serous cavities. The examination of miRNA is attractive because of the stability of miRNA in such specimens and data suggesting that miRNA can provide prognostic and therapeutic information in addition to its role in diagnosis. Furthermore, miRNAs exist within extracellular exosomes, and this allows for their analysis in specimens that contain only rare malignant cells, degenerated cells, or obscuring components. This review discusses the technical aspects of specimen processing for miRNA analysis, recent studies of miRNA expression in malignant serous cavity specimens, and the potential importance of miRNA expression analysis for serous cavity specimens in the near future. 相似文献