Hybrid minimally invasive coronary artery revascularization

Background Hybrid coronary revascularization(HCR) is an alternative coronary revascularization strategy that combines a minimally invasive, survival advantage of the left internal mammary artery(LIMA)-left anterior descending(LAD) coronary artery bypass with less-invasive percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)to non-LAD coronary lesions by using drug-eluting stents. We report our experience of hybrid minimally invasive approach in 15 patients. Methods From December 2012 to October 2013, 15 patients underwent revascularization of the left anterior descending artery through minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting(MIDCAB). All patients by endoscopic assist beating heart coronary artery bypass grafting. Seven patients were scheduled for a hybrid procedure. Percutaneous coronary intervention of non- LAD was performed 3 to 5 days preoperatively. Demographic data, perioperative outcome, and annual follow-up were obtained from all the patients. Results In-hospital mortality was 6.67%. The rate of conversion to full median sternotomy was 13.3%. Ventilation time was 6.9 ± 5.1 h. Blood loss volume was 241 ± 67.8 mL. ICU stay was21.3 ± 10.8 h. Hospital postoperative stay lasted for 7.5 ± 1.3 days. Prior to PCI patients showed 100% patent LIMA(Tables 3 and 4). A mean follow-up was 8.5 months. One year graft patency rate was 100%(8 / 8patients for 254-slice tomography). Two patients required reintervention. Conclusions Minimally invasive hybrid coronary revascularization is a safe, feasible and efficacious approach with good results and should be performed in selected patients by surgeons with experience in minimally invasive bypass surgery plus collaboration with cardiologists. eluting stents.     

Ministernotomy for minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting

Background Through a ministernotomy ＂J shaped approach, left internal mammary artery （LIMA） bypass grafting to the left anterior descending artery （LAD） can be performed safely off-pump. To achieve a complete revascularization, percutaneous coronary interventions （PCI） with drug eluting stent implantation to other coronary arteries was used. We reported outcomes of the treatment of multivessel coronary artery disease with minimally invasive coronary artery bypass （MICAB） and PCI. Methods Between January 2009 and Dec 2012, 14 patients （11 males, 3 females, mean age was 64.8 _ 10.1 years. Two-vessel disease account for 35.7% （5/14） of these patients, three-vessel disease 64.2% （9/14） （Table 1）. All patients underwent a minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting via mini-sternotomy ＂J＂ shaped approach. Seven patients were followed by PCI, 7 for obtuse marginal circumflex, 5 for right coronary artery （RCA）. Angiographic assessment of graft patency was performed in all patients during the PCI procedure. The clinical follow-up period lasts from 11-24 months. Results The in-hospital mortality was 0%. There was neither conversion to a full median sternotomy nor intraoperative complications. Ventilation time was 6.6 ＋_ 4.1 h. Blood loss ranged 341 ＋_ 78.8 mL. ICU stay ranged 22.3 _ 12.8 h. Hospital postoperative stay lasted for 6.5 ＋ 1.6 days. Prior to PCI patients showed 100% patent left internal mammary artery. One patient had mediastinitis （Tables 2-3）. Rate of freedom from cardiac reintervention during the follow-up period was 92.8% （13/14）. Conclusions The inferior J-shaped sternotomy is simple, reproducible, and the safest technique for performing minimally invasive coronary bypass surgery. MICAB ＋ PCI is also safe, feasible and efficacious.     

cOptical coherence tomography application as guiding in percutaneous coronary intervention procedure one year follow up survey

Background Optical coherence tomography （OCT） is increasingly used in the process of percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）, but there is still lack of data about the significance of OCT in the process of PCI. The study aimed to investigate the long term value of OCT in the procedure of PCI. Methods One hundred sixty-five patients with coronary artery disease and implanted drug eluting stents were enrolled in the retrospective study. OCT was performed after stent implantation to detect the complications in 82 patients, who were named as OCT group. And the other 83 patients without OCT application served the control group. Incidence of the angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, revascularization and cardiac sudden death was observed in the two groups during one year follow-up. Results At one year clinical follow-up, the incidences of angina and revascularization in OCT group were significantly lower than those in control group （angina： 3.66% vs. 18.07%, P 〈 0.05; revascularization： 2.44% vs. 12.04%, P 〈 0.05）, the incidence of acute myocardial infarction was not significantly different （2.44% vs. 4.82%, P 〉 0.05）. Conclusions OCT is a feasible technique for guidance of coronary interventions, and its application during PCI procedure can improve the clinical outcome.     

Hyperuricemia and severity of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing selective percutaneous coronary intervention

Background Hyperuricemia as an independent predictor for presence of coronary artery disease(CAD)has been studied insufficiently. In this study, we evaluated the predictive value of hyperuricemia for the severity of coronary artery disease. Methods A total of 683 patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were prospectively observed and were divided into two groups (hyperuricemic group, n = 216, and normouricemic group, n = 467). Hyperuricemia (HUA) was defined as an serum uric acid level 7 mg/dL in males and 6 mg/dL in females. Severe CAD was defined as triple-vessel disease or left main disease. Results One hundred and eighteen (55%) severe CAD occurred in the hyperuricemic group and 211(45%) in the normouricemic group (P = 0.02). The median uric acid levels of the severe CAD patients were significantly higher than secondary CAD (single vessel disease or two-vessel disease) patients (379 ± 111 vs 360 ± 105, P = 0.02). Multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, showed that HUA was an independent risk factor of coronary artery disease (odds radio = 1.63, 95% confidence interval, 1.02-2.61, P = 0.040). Moiety of in-hospital complications such as acute heart failure (17.6% vs. 6.2%, P 0.001), hypotension (3.8%, vs. 1.3%, P = 0.04), contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) (7.4% vs. 1.3%, P 0.001) after PCI, were significantly higher in hyperuricemic groups. Conclusions Hyperuricemia was an independent predictor for severe coronary artery disease (triple-vessel disease or left main disease).     

A Comparative Study on Post-intervention Use of Tirofiban or Enoxaparin in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of post procedure use of platelet glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲ a receptor in- hibitor （PGI） or low molecular weight heparin （LMWH） in patients with acute coronary syndrome （ACS） undergoing dual anti-platelet loading therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods This was a prospective randomized grouping controlled study in 174 patients with ACS received aspirin 300 mg plus clopidogrel 600mg loading before PCI. After procedure, patients were randomized to intravenous tirofiban for 12 -24 hours （tirofiban group） or subcutaneous enoxaparin for 5 days （enoxaparin group）. Cardiac ischemic events, major bleeding complications, minor bleeding complications, thrombocytopenia, and vascular access complications in both groups were investigated. Results Cardiac ischemic events, major bleeding complications, minor bleeding complications, thrombocytopenia, and vascular access complications in tirofiban group were 8.0% , 3.4% , 6.8% , 3.4% , and 3.4% , respectively. In enoxaparin group, aforementioned event rates were 7%, 2. 3%, 6. 0%, 2. 3%, and 5.8%, respectively. No statistical significance was found between two groups. Conclusions In the setting of dual anti-platelet medication loading and PCI for the treatment of ACS, it is effective to use tirofiban or enoxaparin for aggressive post procedure antithrombotic therapy. It comes with a very low major bleeding complication rate. Use of GPI for 12 to 24 hours was comparable to use of LMWH for 5 days in efficacy and safety.     

Situation of antithrombotic therapy in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome

Background Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice. The study examines the situation of antithrombotic therapy in elderly patients(more than 60 years old) with non-valvular atrial fibrillation(NVAF) and acute coronary syndrome(ACS) / percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods This study enrolled 381 elderly patients [mean age(69.95 ± 8.41) years; 289 males, 92 females]with NVAF and ACS / PCI between January 2006 and September 2013. According to clinical data, these patients were categorized into 4 groups: triple therapy(TT) group, dual antiplatelet therapy(DAT) group,vitamin K antagonist(VKA) plus single antiplatelet therapy(SAT) group and VKA group. According to score of CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED, all the patients were divided into 4 combinations. Statistical methods were used to analyze the situation of antithrombotic therapy and potential associations between the different combinations. Results 38 patients(9.97%) received TT and 300 patients(78.74%) received DAT. TT was received in 20 patients with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2 and HAS-BLED ≥3, and 16 patients with CHA2DS2-VASc≥2 and HAS-BLED 3. Conclusions Elderly patients who suffered NVAF and ACS / PCI were with high risk of stroke and low risk of bleeding. Majority of these patients received DAT instead of TT.     

Effects of Late Reperfusion on Left Ventricular Function and Its Relationship With Viable Myocardium After Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With or Without Diabetes

Objectives To compare the different effects of late successful reperfusion with PCI on left ventricular function and its relationship with viable myocardium after acute anterior wall myocardial infarction in patients with or without diabetes. Methods A total of 125 consecutive subjects with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction were selected, and divided into diabetes mellitus （DM） group （ n = 43） and Non-DM group （ n = 82） according to WHO diabetes diagnosis criteria. All patients received successful PCI at 12 ± 8 days from onset. Ischemic viable myocardium was detected with low-dose dobutamine echocardiography, and left ventricular function and wall motion abnormality were also assessed with echocardiography before PCI. The data of clinical manifestations and angiograms before and after PCI were analyzed. Levels of creatinine kinase-MB （CK-MB）, and troponin T （TnT） before PCI, 6 hours and 24 hours after PCI were assessed. All patients received clinic and echocardiography follow-up for 6 months. Results Higher rate of TIMI 2 flow, and lower rate of TIMI 3 flow in DM group were demonstrated immediately after PCI, and the rate of serum CK-MB and/or TnT levels were higher in DM group, compared with Non-DM group（P 〈 0.05）. 63% of DM patients and 56% of non-DM patients had viable myocardium before PCI（ P 〉 0. 05）. There were no significant differences of left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）, left ventricular end diastolic volume index （LVEDVI）, left ventricular end systolic volume index （LVESVI）, and wall motion score （WMS） between two groups at baseline before PCI（P 〉 0.05）. After six months, WMS was decreased and LVEF was increased in Non-DM group, but the WMS and the LVEF did not changed, and the LVEDVI was increased in DM group compared with baseline; the LVEDVI, LVESVI, LVEF, and WMS were significantly different between two groups （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusions Compared with non-diabetics, delayed successful revascularization with PCI in diabetics patient with acute myocardial infarction has less benefitial effect on the improvement of late phase left ventricular function, and it may be because the insufficient reperfusion or reperfusion injury to myocardium but not the viable myocardium contributing to the poor result. （S Chin J Cardiol 2009; 10（4） ： 196 -203）     

Comparison Between Upstream Tirofiban and Downstream Tirofiban in Patients With Non-ST-segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes at High-risk Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions： Efficacy and Safety

Objectives To compare the efficacy and safety of upstream tirofiban with downstream tirofiban in patients with non- ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes （NSTE-ACS） at high-risk undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods Two hundred and four patients with NSTE-ACS at high-risk undergoing PCI were randomized to upstream （4 -6 hours before coronary angiography） tirofiban or downstream （with the guidewire crossing the lesion） tirofiban. We evaluated myocardial damage after PCI by qualitatively analyzing cardiac troponin I （cTnI） and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase （CK-MB）. Platelet aggregation inhibition and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction （TIMI） flow grade were assessed. The incidences of major adverse cardiac events （MACE） at 24-hour, 90-day and 180-day after PCI were followed up. The incidences of bleeding complications and thrombocytopenia during tirofiban administration were recorded. Results There were 102 patients with NSTE-ACS randomly assigned to upstream group and downstream group respectively. The peak serum levels of cTnI within 48 hours after PCI were significantly lower with upstream tirofiban than downstream tirofiban （0.34 vs 0. 61 ; P 〈 0.05 ）. Post-procedural cTnI elevation within 48 hours was significantly less frequent among patients who received upstream tirofiban than downstream tirofiban （63 % vs 82%, P 〈 0. 05 ）. The peak serum levels of CK-MB as well as post-procedural CK-MB elevation within 48 hours after PCI were not significantly different between the two groups （ 15 vs 18 and 38% vs 43% ; respectively; P 〉 0. 05 ）. ECG changes and the inhibition of platelet aggregation between two groups were similar （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Although the inci- dences of MACE at 90-day and 180-day after PCI were not statistically different, they were consistently lower with upstream tirofiban （3 % vs 6% and 6% vs 16% ; P 〉 0.05 ）. The incidences of bleeding complications and thrombocyto- penia were similar in the two groups （ 11% vs 9% ; P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusions Among patients with NSTE-ACS at high-risk undergoing PCI, upstream tirofiban is associated with attenuated myocardial damage without increasing complications. （ S Chin J Cardiol 2009; 10（4） ： 179 -185）     

CABG perioperative depression

Background Depression is very common in coronary artery bypass surgery （CABG） patients and increases the cost of patients’ care and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but decreases their quality of life. Clinicians should routinely screen for depression in CABG perioperative period with certain kinds of survey instruments like the Beck Depression Inventory （BDI）, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale （HADS）, the Patient Health Questionnaire （PHQ-9）, et al; meanwhile, should not hesitate to manage it with pharmacotherapy and psychosocial intervention or behavioral therapy.     

Treated With Retrograde Guide Wire Technique:A Case Report

Chronic total occlusion （CTO） of coronary artery accounts for 10 % - 20 % in coronary intervention cases. It is the most challenging coronary artery disease at present and is regarded as the most difficult issue for intervention doctor. Herein, we report a case in a 55-year-old woman with right coronary artery opening total occlusion who was treated with retrograde guide wire technique.     

Predictive treadmill score to identify coronary artery disease

Background Exercise treadmill testing(ETT) is widely used for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease(CAD).The high false-positive and false-negative rates hamper its clinical application.Hypothesis:We examined a hypothesis that combined ETT and risk-factors of CAD to develop an easily applied predictive treadmill score(PTS) and the superiority of the novel score over the conventional ETT criteria was tested.This score can improve the diagnostic accuracy of treadmill testing for Chinese patients with suspected CAD and plan management strategies for such patients.Methods The present study comprised a retrospective analysis of 300 ETTs of Chinese patients with chest pain referred to suspected CAD who also had coronary angiography within one month after ETT.Clinical characteristics and ETT results of those with and without angiographic CAD were compared.A logistic regression model was used to construct a PTS that could accurately predict clinically significant CAD,defined as the presence of at least one 70 % angiographic stenosis in a major epicardial coronary artery.The accuracy of the new PTS was compared to conventional criteria of ETT for CAD diagnosis.Results The study included 185 patients with clinically significant CAD(61.6 %) and 115(38.4 %) without CAD.Patients with significant CAD were older,more cigarettes smokers,and had higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia,diabetes mellitus and serum CRP concentration.The PTS for CAD was derived from the logistic regression equation:Y(-1,1) =-6.94 + 0.07Age + 0.56Smoking + 0.7DM + 0.6TC /HDL + 0.6ST + 3.5Symptom-0.01HR.According to the derived Y value,the study subjects were classified as low,intermediate and high risk CAD groups,if Y -1,-1 ≤ Y ≤ 1,and Y 1 respectively.The area under the curve(AUC) of our PTS on the receiver operating curve(ROC) was 0.863.Using the PTS,the specificity,false-positive rate and the predictive accuracy for CAD detection were significantly improved compared to conventional ETT diagnostic criteria(73.6% vs.56.9%;26.4% vs.43.1%;77.6% vs.71.8%,P 0.05).Conclusions A new predictive treadmill score for CAD diagnosis was validated and found superior to the conventional criteria of ETT for the diagnosis of CAD in Chinese patients presenting with chest pain.     

Relationship between cortisol rhythms and depressive women with coronary heart disease

Background Major depressive disorder has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The underlying mechanisms linking depression and CVD are not fully understood, one of the mechanisms in women is disturbed cortisol regulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate cortisol rhythm in suspected female CVD patients with depression. Methods A total of 80 female patients with suspected CVD (typical angina pectoris or under a non-typical symptoms plus positive exercise tests or positive myocardial perfusion scans) were recruited. Four blood samples for cortisal were taken over the day and night. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results Forty-three (53.8 %) patients were diagnosed as definite CVD on angiography,while the remainder did not. Cortisol showed a typical diurnal pattern, with peaks in the morning and low down in the evening. The cortisol slope over the day was flatter in depressed patients with CVD (P 0.01), but was not related to depression in patients without CVD (P = 0.096). This effect was due to the combination of lower cortisol early in the day and higher cortisol in the evening in more depressed CVD patients, independent of age, education, household income, marital status, living alone and and sleeping. Comparison of cortisol secretion rhythm in total patients between the CVD group and non-CVD group, BDI≥10 group and BDI 10 group, the differences were not significant (P 0.05). Conclusions The flat cortisol rhythms of depressive CVD patients may be associated with the progression of CVD in women.     

药物洗脱支架的研发现状和展望

近年来,在第一代药物洗脱支架（drug—elutingstents,DESs）并发的支架内血栓形成（stentthrombosis,ST）的机制研究基础上,国内外研发产业为了防止血管再内皮化过程的延迟和减少ST的发生,特别是降低晚期sT（1atestentthrombosis,     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者预后与平均血小板体积相关性研究

目的探讨术前平均血小板体积(MPV)与急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)行急诊经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)患者预后的关系。方法选择STEMI行急诊PCI患者335例,根据入院时MPV水平分为A组(≤9.9 fl,123例)和B组(MPV>9.9 fl,212例)。对患者进行随访1年,观察主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率。根据MACE的发生,分为MACE(+)组和MACE(-)组,对两组数据进行分析。并对各因素采用Logistic回归分析。结果 MACE发生率B组[53例(25.0%)]高于A组[16例(13.0%)](χ2=6.844,P=0.01),主要表现在再发心绞痛[37例(17.4%)比9例(7.3%),χ2=6.751,P<0.01]和再次住院[40例(18.7%)比12例(9.7%),χ2=4.928,P=0.03]。MACE(+)组中MPV>9.9 fl病例比例高于MACE(-)组[54例(78.2%)比165例(62%),χ2=6.376,P=0.02]。多因素Logistic回归分析示MPV>9.9 fl(OR:2.05,P=0.03),提示MPV>9.9 fl与STEMI行急诊PCI患者1年预后相关。结论术前MPV>9.9 fl是预测STEMI行急诊PCI患者1年MACE的独立危险因素。     

心绞痛患者PCI术前大剂量阿托伐他汀对围手术期心肌损伤的影响

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）是所有采用经皮穿刺方法减轻冠状动脉狭窄的各种心导管技术的总称,早期PCI术主要是指经皮冠状动脉内血管成形术（percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty,PTCA）.自从1977年Gruzentig在瑞士完成世界上第一例PTCA后,心血管造影的临床应用日趋广泛,成为临床上判断冠状动脉病变部位和程度的＂金标准＂.     

心肌梗死后PCI术心肌再灌注治疗研究进展

急性心肌梗死（AMI）的再灌注治疗包括溶栓治疗和经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术。其治疗目的是使不可逆的心肌坏死最小化以减少早期死亡率,改善长期预后和心功能。随着心肌梗死早期血管再通治疗的广泛开展,ST段抬高心肌梗死（STEMI）的早期病死率已显著下降,由1986年的13％下降至2000年的约4％。     

左胸小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术53例临床分析

目的 总结53例经左胸小切口微创冠状动脉旁路移植术（MIDCAB）的手术疗效.方法 回顾性分析2009年7月至2012年7月我院行MIDCAB 53例,其中单纯MIDCAB 44例,MIDCAB与经皮冠状动脉介入术杂交9例.结果 全组无手术死亡,无手术并发症.1例术中转正中开胸手术.呼吸机脱机时间（3.0±3.5）h,引流量（145±60） ml,全组患者均未输血,术后住院（7.0±1.5）d.53例均进行随访,随访时间2～ 36个月,无死亡病例,心绞痛复发4例[7.7％（4/52）],术后冠状动脉造影示1例吻合口狭窄50％,余3例前降支与左乳内动脉吻合口通畅.结论 MIDCAB手术安全有效、损伤小,临床效果满意.     

Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention： A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background Clopidogrel is beneficial after acute coronary syndrome. Recent studies suggest the superiority of prasugrel compared with clopidogrel. The enhanced platelet inhibition with prasugrel lead to a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with moderate to high risk acute coronary syndrome scheduled for PCI. However, prasugrel showed signs of increased bleeding potential. We performed a meta-analysis to assess clinical safety and efficacy of prasugrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, clinicaltrials. gov, proceedings of major US and European cardiology meetings, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases 2000-2010 and reviews, reference lists of relevant articles. The search strategy paired the term "prasugrel" "clopidogrel" with the following: "acute coronary syndrome" "percutaneous coronary intervention" We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind trials that evaluated clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Two reviewers independently assessed the trials. Differences were resolved by consensus. Results A total of 2 trials with 14512 patients were available for analysis. Overall, prasugrel appeared significantly superior to clopidogrel for the risk of MACE (OR = 0.820.74-0.90, P ﹤0.0001), stent thrombosis (OR = 0.470.35-0.62, P 0.00001), death(OR = 0.850.78-0.93, P = 0.0003), and myocardial infarction (OR = 0.760.68-0.85, P﹤0.00001), without any significant difference in stroke (P = 0.85). However, major bleeding associated with non coronary artery bypass grafting Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction related to prasugrel (OR = 1.321.03-1.67, P = 0.03). Conclusions Prasugrel is superior to clopidogrel for acute coronary syndrome, while causing more bleedings.     

Intermittent Left Bundle Branch Block and Myocardial Ischemia in Patient Without Coronary Artery Stenosis:A Case Report

Left bundle branch block （ LBBB ）, traditionally viewed as an electrophysiologic abnormality, is increasingly recognized for its effects on hemodynamics and patient＇s prognosis^[1]. Exercise nuclear studies frequently show reversible perfusion defects in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease^[2] and some patients with intermittent LBBB develop angina coincident with the onset of LBBB^[3]. We report a case of intermittent LBBB with abnormal stress technetium 99m TC single-photon emission computed tomography （SPECT） study and normal coronary artery angiography.     

Increasing Uric Acid Concentration in Elderly With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Objectives Plasma uric acid （UA） concentration was suspected to elevate in elderly with ischemic cardiomyopathy （ICM）. Methods We analyzed the data of 235 elderly aged 60 years and older with coronary heart disease： silent myocardial ischemia or angina pectoris confirmed by angiography. Among these patients, 154 had ICM defined as left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVDd） male 〉 55 mm, female 〉 50 mm （mean. 63.51 ± 7.70 mm） measured by echocardiography. Difference in UA was analyzed between patients with and without ICM. Results There was significant increase of UA in ICM compared with non-ICM （432.82 ± 143.05 umol/L vs 361. 06 ± 137.35 umol/L, P 〈 0. 05 ） ; and UA was positively related to LVDd （ r = 0. 25, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions There was significant increase of UA in elderly with ICM due to longterm silent myocardial ischemia and angina pectoris. Moreover, UA was positively related to LVDd. （ S Chin J Cardiol 2009; 10（4） ： 212 -215）