武警官兵抗震救援创伤后应激障碍的比较研究

 目的 了解武警官兵抗震救援创伤后应激障碍(posttraumatic stress disorder,PTSD)的发生情况,为部队开展心理健康教育提供依据.方法 用事件影响量表(修订版)对893名抗震救援武警官兵进行问卷调查.结果 (1)事件影响量表总分为11.28,其侵扰因子、唤醒因子、逃避因子得分平均数依次为1.65、1.04、0.89;(2)在侵扰、唤醒、逃避和量表总分上,高中及以下文化程度者均高于大专及以上文化程度者(P＜0.01),入伍3年及以下者均高于入伍3年以上者(P＜0.01),内卫部队、机动部队和指挥院校间差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);(3)在侵扰、唤醒和量表总分上,不同救援地区的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而逃避因子间无统计学差异.结论 (1)武警官兵抗震救援PTSD发生率较高,侵扰因子影响较大;(2)武警官兵抗震救援PTSD状况在受教育程度、入伍年限、部队性质和救援地区上存在统计学差异.     

武警干部艾森克人格问卷和症状自评量表评定结果分析

 目的 探讨武警干部群体的人格特征和心理健康状况.方法 应用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ) 和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对某部195名干部进行心理测查.结果 (1) 有轻度以上心理问题的干部占21.03%;(2) 干部的神经质、精神质与内外向人格特征为中间型,较为成熟;(3) EPQ得分与SCL-90的相关分析表明,干部中情绪不稳定和精神质越明显者,倾向于出现更多的心理健康问题,但很少见.结论 (1)武警干部存在范围较小、程度较轻的心理健康问题;(2)武警干部人格是健全的;(3)必须重视武警干部心理健康教育和良好的人格培养,目前开展的心理教育活动已取得一定效果;(4)对预提干部进行心理测查是必要的.     

不同病理类型局灶性皮质发育不良的MRI特征

目的 总结局灶性皮质发育不良(FCD)的MRI特征性表现,探讨不同病理类型FCD各自的特异性MRI征象.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的44例FCD患者的MRI表现.将44例患者根据病理检查结果分为FCD Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型,观察以下MRI征象在两种类型中的出现情况:(1)局灶性皮层增厚;(2)灰、白质分界不清;(3)液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)序列和(或)T2WI上白质内向脑室方向延伸的锥形异常增高信号;(4)脑叶发育不全;(5)FLAIR上灰质信号强度增高;(6)T2WI上灰质信号强度增高;(7)FLAIR上皮层下白质信号强度增高;(8)T2WI上皮层下白质信号强度增高;(9)T1WI上皮层下白质信号强度减低.2组间的比较采用χ2检验及校正χ2检验.结果 44例FCD患者中FCD Ⅰ型30例,FCDⅡ型14例.共32例患者MRI表现异常,灰、白质分界不清为最常见征象(23例).其中FCD Ⅰ型患者中MRI表现异常者21例,特征性表现为脑叶发育不全11例,FCDⅡ型脑叶发育不全0例,两种类型间差异有统计学意义(连续性校正χ2=5.0286,P=0.0249).FCDⅡ型患者中MRI表现异常者11例,特征性表现为局灶性皮层增厚10例,FCD Ⅰ型为11例(χ2=4.6234,P=0.0315);FLAIR上白质信号增高9例,FCD Ⅰ型为7例(χ2=6.9180,P=0.0085);白质内向脑室方向延伸的锥形异常增高信号4例,FCD Ⅰ型为0例(连续性校正χ2=6.2883,P=0.0122);差异均有统计学意义.其他征象两种类型间差异无统计学意义.结论 不同病理类型FCD的MRI表现各有特点,了解这些特点有助于不同病理类型FCD的早期诊断和术前评估.     

不同年龄组幕上脑实质室管膜瘤ADC值特点分析

目的 探讨不同年龄组幕上脑实质室管膜瘤ADC值特点及ADC值在幕上脑实质室管膜瘤诊断中的应用价值.方法 搜集33例经手术和病理证实的幕上脑实质室管膜瘤患者影像资料,包括MRI平扫、扩散加权成像(DWI)及增强检查,将患者分为儿童组(＜12岁)、成人组(≥18岁),对两组不同病理类型ADC值进行统计学分析和均值比较.结果 儿童组12例,平均rADC值0.94 ±0.52,WHOⅡ型4例,WHOⅡ～Ⅲ型1例,WHOⅢ型7例;成人组21例,平均rADC值1.17±0.36,WHOⅡ型1例,WHOⅡ～Ⅲ型2例,WHOⅢ型18例;WHOⅡ型rADC值儿童组小于成人组;WHOⅡ～Ⅲ型rADC值儿童组小于成人组;WHOⅢ型儿童组rADC值小于成人组,两组间rADC值差异具有统计学意义(t=3.29,P=0.00).结论 儿童组、成人组幕上脑实质室管膜瘤影像表现不同,rADC值存在差异,儿童组各病理类型rADC值均小于成人组.ADC值在幕上脑实质室管膜瘤诊断中具有重要意义.     

成人肝门静脉多层螺旋CT血管成像正常解剖研究

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT肝门静脉成像对成人门静脉主干及主要分支、属支解剖形态的显示能力,确定不同性别血管最大管径的正常值.方法 选取无影响门静脉系统疾病者227例行门静脉多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA).后处理技术包括最大强度投影(MIP)、曲面重组(CPR)及容积再现(VR).观察MSCTA对门静脉主干及其分支、属支的显示能力.参照Couinaud方法分析门静脉解剖类型.测量门静脉系统主要血管的最大径,比较不同性别、年龄组之间有无差别.结果 MSCTA对门静脉主干及其第1～4级分支、脾静脉、肠系膜上静脉显示率100%,可显示5级分支者208例(91.6%)、6级132例(58.1%)、7级19例(8.4%).门静脉分支正常型约84.1%,Ⅰ型变异8.8%,Ⅱ型变异6.6%,Ⅳ型变异0.4%.肠系膜静脉解剖类型中Ⅰ型52.0%,Ⅱ型32.2%,Ⅲ型15.8%,各解剖类型比例接近文献报道.男性及女性门静脉主干95%参考值范围为10.4～17.0 mm及9.9～15.0 mm.门静脉系统主要血管不同性别血管最大径有显著统计学差异,不同年龄组之间门静脉左支及肠系膜上静脉最大管径无显著统计学差异,其余血管不同年龄组有差别.结论 MSCTA能够很好地显示肝门静脉系统解剖.门静脉分支以常见型最多.男、女性门静脉系统血管径线均有明显差异.提示MSCTA上男、女性门静脉主干最大径不超过17 mm及15 mm.     

MRI上血管周围间隙与血管性危险因子及脑梗死发病的相关性

目的探讨头颅MRI上血管周围间隙与血管性危险因子及脑梗死发病的相关性。资料与方法将脑内血管周围间隙按照不同解剖部位和表现型分成17型,分析不同部位和类型血管周围间隙与血管性危险因子的关联,及其与脑梗死发病的关系。结果 MRI上直径3mm以下的血管周围间隙表现型最多的是Ⅱ型(T1WI低信号,T2WI高信号,FLAIR等信号)和Ⅲ型(T1WI低信号,T2WI高信号,FLAIR低信号);6个以上多发者最常见的是基底节上2/3的Ⅱ型。年龄与基底节上2/3多发的Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型血管周围间隙相关(P<0.01);基底节(上2/3和下1/3合并后)多发的Ⅱ型血管周围间隙与收缩压有关,其中基底节上2/3多发的Ⅱ型血管周围间隙与糖尿病和高血压病相关;基底节(上2/3和下1/3合并后)Ⅲ型血管周围间隙与糖尿病和空腹血糖有关。多发的皮质下白质Ⅱ型和海马部的血管周围间隙也与血管性危险因子相关。频度高的前穿质部位的血管周围间隙与血管性危险因子无关。基底节部位尤其是上2/3多发的Ⅱ型与脑梗死发病相关。结论不同部位和类型的血管周围间隙分别与不同的脑血管病危险因子相关,与脑梗死发病相关,是脑梗死发病的预知因子。     

慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉CT分析

目的　评价CT检查对慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉诊断的价值。方法　以功能性鼻窦内窥镜手术及病理结果为标准 ,回顾分析13 2例慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者CT表现。结果　慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉CT表现分 4型 :(1)漏斗型 2 1例 ;(2 )窦口鼻道复合体型 68例 ;(3 )蝶筛隐窝型 4例 ;(4 )息肉型 3 1例。临床诊断分型 :Ⅰ型单纯型 11例 ;Ⅱ型慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉 10 8例 ;Ⅲ型多发鼻窦炎伴多发鼻息肉 3例。结论　CT检查是慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的一种必要的术前检查方法 ,是实施功能性鼻窦内窥镜手术的主要依据     

武警消防战士心理健康状况与相关因素分析

目的 探讨特种职业对群体心理健康的影响.方法 用SCL-90、SAS、SDS对广西某武警消防支队256名战士进行测试并进行分析.结果 (1)SCL-90测试结果 ,有21.9%的武警消防战士存在各种明显心理健康问题;(2)SAS、SDS测试结果 ,武警消防战士中有7%和25.8%分别存在明显的焦虑和抑郁症状;(3)武警消防战士SCL-90测试结果 与中国军人常模组、全国常模青年组和全国常模比较,有其特殊的心理特点.结论 特殊的职业及工作环境与其特殊心理特点的形成有关,掌握武警消防战士的心理状况,对避免发生不良事件有重要意义.     

武警新兵不同训练阶段心理适应的特点调查

 目的 调查武警新兵不同训练阶段心理适应的特点。方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和部队新兵适应性调查问卷, 调查80名武警新兵在训练不同阶段(入营第2天, 新训第3周初、第6周初、第9周初、第11周末)的心理适应状况。结果 各阶段SCL-90得分在躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对和其他6个因子有明显差异, 其中, 躯体化在5个阶段得分依次为(1.52±0.62)、(1.72±0.59)、(1.65±0.65)、(1.88±0.58)、(1.71±0.61)(F=3.634, P=0.006)。新训第3周初、第6周初、第9周初、第11周末在军人角色认知、人际关系适应、身心症状、环境认同、应对方式5个因子得分均存在显著差异, 其得分依次为(20.36±5.60)、(15.89±5.28)、(16.16±4.76)、(14.48±5.53)(F=18.274, P<0.001)。结论 武警新兵训期的心理行为呈现出阶段变化的特点。
     

武警某部SCL-90调查结果分析

 目的 调查武警某部官兵的心理健康状况.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)在武警某部队整群抽样调查.结果 有效问卷回收率91%(790/868份),老兵组各因子分显著高于士官组;新兵组有2个因子:敌对、偏执与士官组无差异,其余7个因子分显著高于士官组;老兵有3个因子:躯体化、敌对、偏执显著高于新兵.武警官兵的各因子分显著低于军人常模,也普遍低于地方常模.结论 武警部队官兵总体心理健康状况较好,但老兵中症状自评量表的因子分较新兵和士官为高.有必要从新兵开始加强心理健康调节.     

Somatotype, role and performance in elite volleyball players.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to examine the importance of the somatometric components of elite male and female volleyball players in relation to their different game roles and levels of performance. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-four male athletes (aged 24.7+/-4.4 years) and 244 female athletes (aged 23.1+/-4.4 years) from the Italian A1 and A2 volleyball leagues underwent anthropometric measurements during the 1992-1993 and 1993-1994 seasons. Somatotypes were estimated with the Heath-Carter method. RESULTS: Marked sexual dimorphism in somatotype was observed in the total sample. The average somatotype for men was 2.2-4.2-3.2 (SD 0.7-0.9-0.9), and for women it was 3.0-3.3-2.9 (SD 0.8-1.0-0.9). The somatotype was significantly different in players at different levels of performance (A1 vs A2 leagues), as it follows: 2.1-4.1-3.3 (SD 0.6-0.8-0.7) vs 2.3-4.3-3.0 (SD 0.7-1.0-0.8) in males; 2.9-3.1-3.0 (SD 0.8-1.0-0.9) vs 3.1-3.5-2.7 (SD 0.8-0.9-0.8) in females. The somatotype was also significantly different in players in different roles. In male sex the mean somatotypes for setters were 2.4-4.5-2.8 (SD 0.7-0.9-0.8), for centres they were 2.0-4.0-3.5 (SD 0.6-1.0-0.8), for spikers they were 2.2-4.3-3.0 (SD 0.6-0.9-0.7), for opposites they were 2.2-4.3-3.1 (SD 0.6-0.9-0.8). In female sex the mean somatotypes for setters were 3.1-3.6-2.5 (SD 0.8-1.0-1.0), for centres they were 2.8-3.1-3.1 (SD 0.8-0.9-0.7), for spikers they were 3.0-3.5-2.8 (SD 0.9-1.0-0.9) and for opposites they were 3.0-3.2-3.0 (SD 0.7-0.9-0.8). CONCLUSIONS: The physique of athletes in the A1 league is characterized by higher ectomorphy and lower endomorphy and mesomorphy. There is also a slight tendency of male players to a greater homogeneity in somatotype within the group at the maximum level of performance. Moreover somatotype differs in relation to game role in volleyball players of both sexes: the mesomorphic component is maximal in setters, while the ectomorphic component is maximal in centres.     

Physiological characteristics of elite sport parachutists

The physiological characteristics of 10 male elite sport parachutists (31.6 +/- 3.69 years of age) were determined and compared to 10 male non-sport parachutist controls (30.2 +/- 4.31 years) and other selected elite athletes. The typical sport parachutist was a highly educated (16.4 +/- 2.41 years), first born (9 out of 10), and, more often than not, single individual. During their mean 10.8 years of sport parachuting, these individuals made an average total number of 1,950 jumps (range 980 to 3,100) with a mean of 237.5 jumps during each of the last three years. Mean total free fall time was 22 h and 40 min. Compared to the non-sport parachutist control group, the elite sport parachutists were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in aerobic power (47.4 +/- 9.04 vs. 37.2 +/- 4.67 ml X kg-1 X min-1), vital capacity (5.27 +/- 0.49 vs. 5.05 +/- 0.31 L), maximum heart rate (203.2 +/- 9.2 vs. 190.1 +/- 7.4 bpm), and back hyperextension flexibility (21.12 +/- 4.1 vs. 18.41 +/- 2.4 in). The elite sport parachutist were also significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in relative (%) body fat when compared to the control group (15.7 +/- 4.51 vs. 20.1 +/- 2.12%). The two groups were not significantly different (p greater than 0.05) with respect to resting heart rate, absolute body weight, dominant hand-grip strength, or lower back/hamstring flexibility as measured by the sit-and-reach test. Regarding somatotype, the elite sport parachutist can be classified as a balanced mesomorph. Compared to other selected elite athletes, the sport parachutists were lower in aerobic power and higher in relative body fat, yet with a summation of triceps, suprailiac, and abdominal skinfolds in the acceptable range for male athletes. The elite sport parachutists were approximately mid-range in absolute body weight and lower back/hamstring flexibility when compared to other selected elite athletes. Based on the findings of this study, there is evidence to suggest that some form of regular aerobic exercise along with a stretching and flexibility program is advisable for those individuals considering frequent participation and desiring peak performance in sport parachuting.     

The influence of somatotype on anthropometric prediction of body composition in young women

The influence of somatotype on the validity of anthropometric prediction of body density (Db) in young women (N = 92) was investigated. Three groups of predominantly endomorph (N = 27), mesomorph (N = 35), and ectomorph (N = 30) women were identified by the Heath-Carter and Sheldon somatotyping methods. Discriminant analysis revealed a 100% accuracy in somatotype group determination. Thirteen diameters, 26 girths, and 8 skinfolds were measured and used in a STEPWISE regression analysis to derive somatotype-specific regression equations to predict body density. Combining all the measures provided very good prediction accuracy in all three groups with multiple correlation coefficients (R) of 0.98, 0.90, and 0.90, and the standard error of estimate (SEE) of 0.003, 0.005, and 0.005 for Db (gm X cc-1) in the endomorphs, mesomorphs, and ectomorphs, respectively. A cross-validation study confirmed the accuracy of the somatotype-specific regression equations and demonstrated an inherent weakness in using some generalized equations on specific somatotypes. The use of non-somatotype-specific equations resulted in mean Db prediction errors ranging from -0.018 to +0.023 gm X cc-1 (8.5 to -10.7% Fat). Although all equations tested demonstrated specific weaknesses in one or more of the somatotype groups when predicting Db, the Jackson et al. (1980) equation performed better than most of the non-somatotype-specific prediction equations. These findings suggest that the anthropometric estimation of Db may not be sample specific in the same manner as had been previously thought and that greater accuracy may be achieved by using regression equations which have been generated on a previously somatotyped population sample.     

The somatotype in a group of "top" free-climbers.

Thirty-one "top" level european free-climbers (FC) aged 26.1 +/- 4.3 years old, have been measured according to the Health/Carter anthropometric somatotype method, in order to collect data on the morphotypes needed to excel in this not well established sporting activity. The average somatotype for FC revealed to be: mesomorph-ectomorph (2.0 +/- 0.6; 4.0 +/- 0.8; 3.7 +/- 0.9), a facies found in the 54.8% of the performers. With their 8.3% FAT%, they fall inside the category of lean athletes, a well stated feature found in all those activities demanding endurance. When compared with 25 "sedentary" young italians aged 21.7 years old, FC showed to differ significantly in: weight, mean of the sum of the skinfolds, upper arm and geminal circumferences, RPI (reciprocal of the ponderal index), ectomorph component (less than .01). Concluding, their somatotype appeared to be similar to that of athletes whose fatness is lower, to some adolescent performers and to some extra-European cohorts of males living in stressing habitats.     

Morphological and physiological studies on Indian national kabaddi players.

Twenty-five national kabaddi players (Asiad gold medalists 1990), mean age 27.91 years, who attended a national camp at the Sports Authority of India, Bangalore before the Beijing Asian Games in 1990, were investigated for their physical characteristics, body fat, lean body mass (LBM) and somatotype. The physiological characteristics assessed included back strength, maximum oxygen uptake capacity and anaerobic capacity (oxygen debt) and related cardiorespiratory parameters (oxygen pulse, breathing equivalent, maximum pulmonary ventilation, maximum heart rate). Body fat was calculated from skinfold thicknesses taken at four different sites, using Harpenden skinfold calipers. An exercise test (graded protocol) was performed on a bicycle ergometer (ER-900) using a computerized EOS Sprint (Jaeger, West Germany). The mean(s.d.) percentage body fat (17.56(3.48)) of kabaddi players was found to be higher than normal sedentary people. Their physique was found to be endomorphic mesomorph (3.8-5.2-1.7). Mean(s.d.) back strength, maximum oxygen uptake capacity (VO2max) and oxygen debt were found to be 162.6(18.08) kg, 42.6(4.91) ml kg-1 min-1 and 5.02(1.29) litre respectively. Physical characteristics, percentage body fat, somatotype, maximum oxygen uptake capacity and anaerobic capacity (oxygen debt) and other cardiorespiratory parameters were compared with other national counterparts. Present data are comparable with data for judo, wrestling and weightlifting. Since no such study has been conducted on international counterparts, these data could not be compared. These data may act as a guideline in the selection of future kabaddi players and to attain the physiological status comparable to the present gold medalists.     

Anthropometric, body composition and somatotype differences of Greek elite female basketball, volleyball and handball players

AIM: The aims of the present study were: a) to determine the anthropometric profile, body composition and somatotype of elite Greek female basketball (B), volleyball (V) and handball (H) players, b) to compare the mean scores among sports and c) to detect possible differences in relation to competition level. METHODS: A total of 518 female athletes, all members of the Greek first National League (A1 and A2 division) in B, V and H sport teams participated in the present study. Twelve anthropometric measures required for the calculation of body composition indexes and somatotype components were obtained according to the established literature. RESULTS: V athletes were the tallest (P<0.001) among the three groups of athletes, had the lowest values of body fat (P<0.001) and their somatotype was characterized as balanced endomorph (3.4-2.7-2.9). B athletes were taller (P<0.01) and leaner (P<0.001) than H players, with a somatotype characterized as mesomorph-endomorph (3.7-3.2-2.4). H athletes were the shortest of all (P<0.01), had the highest percentage of body fat (P<0.001) and their somatotype was mesomorph-endomorph (4.2-4.7-1.8). In comparison with their A2 counterparts the A1 division players were taller (P<0.001) and heavier (P<0.01), but at the same time leaner (P<0.001), and exhibited higher homogeneity in somatotype characteristics (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Anthropometric, body composition and somatotype variables of Greek female elite teamball players varied among sports; selection criteria, hours of training and sport-specific physiological demands during the game could explain the observed differences. More data are certainly needed to define the anthropometric profile of B, V and H female athletes internationally.     

阅兵部队在高温大运动量训练条件下113例足部汗疱疹的防治探讨

目的　研究部队在体能极限训练时足部汗疱疹的特点 ,为武警部队卫勤保障取得经验。方法　观察 94 6例参加国庆阅兵训练的武警官兵在持续高温、连续大运动量训练条件下足部汗疱疹的发病规律 ,并开展治疗及预防 ,对结果进行对比分析。结果　阅兵部队足部汗疱疹发病率为 1 1 .9%,显著高于当地驻军部队 ;给予药物预防治疗后 ,发病率降为 5 .4 %,显著降低了发病率 ;阅兵部队经药物预防治疗后 ,其发病率与患病率较驻军部队无显著性差异。结论　高温多汗、长时间步行为足部汗疱疹的主要发病原因 ;局部外用药可起到一定的防治作用     

Body size and somatotype characteristics of male golfers in Japan

AIM: The aim of this investigation was to compare the physical characteristics and somatotypes of 4 Japanese male golfer groups with 2 non-golfer control groups. METHODS: Sixty-three male golfers, professional golfers (PR, n=11), collegiate golfers (CO, n=24), general amateur golfers (AM, n=13), collegiate recreational golfers (RE, n=15), non-golfing college student (CG, n=45) and a senior population of non-golfers as a control group (SC, n=20), for a total n=128. They were somatotyped, according to the Heath-Carter anthropometric method. RESULTS: The results show that the categories of the mean somatotypes of PR (3.8-5.8-1.6), CO (4.7-5.6-2.2), AM (3.3-4.4-2.6) and RE (3.7-4.8-2.7) were endomorphic mesomorph, SC (4.7-3.9-2.1) was mesomorphic endomorph, and CG (3.8-4.3-3.3) was central, respectively. The anthropometric variables that best discriminated between skilled and unskilled golfers were body weight, calf skinfold, calf girth, and femur width, with 82% correctly classified PR and 83% correctly classified for CO. Secondly, combination of sum of 4 skinfolds, biceps girth and humerus width, with 72% correctly classified PR and 75% correctly classified for CO. CONCLUSION: Within the Japanese golfer groups, there are differences between golfers and non-golfers with respect to somatotype, body size and composition. Results suggested that PR showed significantly larger limb girth than other groups. Somatotypes in male golfers tend to increased mesomorphy, related to skill level.     

Investigation of anthropometric and work-rate profiles of elite South American international soccer players

BACKGROUND: The aim of the current investigation was to determine the movement profiles of elite South American soccer players during international competition and examine the relationship between anthropometric profile and work-rate variables. METHODS: Seventeen full-time professional soccer players were filmed while competing for their countries. Anthropometric profiles were obtained for eleven of these players. Six full-time professional players from the English Premier League were also filmed for comparative purposes. RESULTS: The South American international players covered significantly less (p<0.05) total distance during match-play than English Premier League players (International, 8638+/-1158 m; English Premier League, 10104+/-703 m). The total distance covered during the second half of the game was significantly reduced (p<0.05) compared to the first half distance for both groups of players (mean+/-SD first half 4605+/-625 m; mean+/-SD second half 4415+/-634 m). The data for both groups of players were combined to evaluate positional differences in the workrate profile. Midfield players covered a significantly greater (p<0.05) distance than forward players (midfield, 9826+/-1031 m; forwards, 7736+/-929 m) and defenders covered a greater (p<0.05) distance jogging backwards than forward players (defenders, 276+/-155 m; forwards, 68+/-25 m). Forwards sprinted a greater distance (p<0.05) than defensive players (defenders, 231+/-142 m; forwards, 557+/-142 m). Mean somatotype was a balanced mesomorph (2-5 1/2-2). Body mass and muscle mass was related to the total distance covered (r=0.43, r=0.53, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these data, it seems that an individual's work-rate profile is dependent upon the type of competition and the playing position. Relationships between anthropometric profile and work-rate are complex due to the interaction between the variables that determine work-rate.     

Somatotypes of Nigerian power athletes.

This study comparatively assessed the somatotype characteristics of elite male Nigerian power athletes who comprised middleweight boxers (n = 23), weightlifters (n = 18) and wrestlers (n = 21), as well as a nonathletic group (n = 19). They were aged 24-35 years. Analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc method were used to determine significant differences in the mean somatotype ratings of the groups. Among the groups, the nonathletes (4.02) were most significantly endomorphic (p less than 0.05). The weightlifters (5.12) and wrestler (5.04) were more significantly mesomorphic (p less than 0.05) than the boxers. (3.18) and nonathletes (3.06). The wrestlers' and weightlifters' dominance in mesomorphy confirms earlier reports on the salience of mesomorphy in performing strength-related skills.