颅底脑膜瘤的伽玛刀治疗

目的研究伽玛刀放射外科治疗颅底脑膜瘤的效果。方法选取了1995-2000年治疗的颅底脑膜瘤患者225例,肿瘤体积平均6.0±5.2cm3,给予中心剂量平均27.5±5.2Gy,周边剂量平均12.3±1.9Gy。随访根据治疗前后的影像表现和Karnofsky行为评分进行评估。结果有完整随访资料患者189例。从总体上,肿瘤的控制率为96.8%;临床表现满意度(好转和稳定)96.3%,并发症少且轻微。结论伽玛刀可作为颅底较大脑膜瘤开颅术后的辅助治疗,也可作为较小肿瘤或对手术禁忌患者的首选性治疗;对长期控制肿瘤复发、保证患者良好的生存质量,起重要的作用。     

伽玛刀治疗良性颅底脑膜瘤

目的探讨伽玛刀放射外科治疗良性颅底脑膜瘤中长期疗效和毒性。方法选取了1997~2002年治疗的颅底脑膜瘤患者196例,肿瘤体积平均6.2±4.9cm3,给予中心剂量平均27.9±5.9Gy,周边剂量平均12.4±1.6Gy。随访根据治疗前后的影像表现和行为评分进行评估。结果平均随访期为53.4±18.2个月(36~96个月),有完整随访资料患者178例。肿瘤的控制率为93.3%;临床表现满意度(好转和稳定)92.7%,神经症状总改善率为93.8%,并发症少且轻微。结论伽玛刀可作为颅底较大脑膜瘤开颅术后的辅助治疗,也可作为较小肿瘤或对手术禁忌患者的首选性治疗;对长期控制肿瘤复发,保证患者良好的生存质量起重要的作用。     

伽玛刀治疗颅底良性脑膜瘤临床研究

目的探讨伽玛刀放射外科治疗良性颅底脑膜瘤中长期疗效和不良反应。方法选取了1998-2003年治疗的获得完全随访资料的颅底脑膜瘤患者166例,全组患者肿瘤体积0.42- 43.4cm3,平均(7.2±3.9)cm3,给予周边剂量平均(12.4±2.6)Gy,中心剂量平均(27.9±5.9)Gy,其中12例患者采用肿瘤体积分割二阶段治疗。对治疗前后的影像学改变、KPS评分和神经功能缺损评估。结果平均随访期为(55.4±18.2)个月(36-96个月)。总体控制率为95.2%(158/166);KPS评分得到显著提高,神经症状总体满意率为94.5%(157/166),主要副作用是放射性脑水肿11例(6.6%),有5例(3%)患者出现新的神经缺损。结论伽玛刀放射外科可以作为有手术禁忌或拒绝手术治疗体积较小脑膜瘤患者的首选性治疗,也可以作为颅底较大脑膜瘤开颅术后的辅助性治疗,能够较长期控制肿瘤复发,提高或保持患者的生存质量。     

Gamma knife radiosurgery for residual or recurrent intracranial hemangiopericytomas

Residual or recurrent hemangiopericytoma (HPC) has been treated with radiosurgery; however, its long-term outcome is not well known. This study is to investigate the long-term outcome of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for residual or recurrent HPCs. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 18 patients who underwent gamma knife radiosurgery for residual or recurrent HPCs. Of the 18 patients, 10 patients had high-grade HPCs (27 tumors) and 8 had low-grade HPCs (13 tumors). Median overall survival (OS) after the first GKS was 134.7 months and actuarial survival rate at 1, 5, and 10 years was 85.6%, 85.6%, and 37.4%, respectively. At the last follow-up, local tumor control was achieved in 32 (80.0%) of the 40 GKS-treated tumors. New lesions developed out of initial GKS target in 8 patients (44.4%). They were also treated with additional GKS. The actuarial local control rate of 40 tumors at 1-, 3-, and 5-years was 89.3%, 60.9%, and 37.5%, respectively. The median local recurrence-free interval of 40 tumors after initial GKS for each lesion was 86.1 months for low-grade and 40.5 months for high-grade tumors (p = 0.010). Extracranial metastases developed in 7 (38.9%) patients with high-grade pathology and became a cause of death in 3 patients. Intracranial tumor control can be achieved over the long term, though additional GKS is frequently necessary. Extracranial metastasis is common in HPC of high-grade pathology. Close surveillance and aggressive treatment is recommended not only for intracranial tumor but also for possible extracranial metastases.     

Gamma knife radiosurgery for glomus jugulare tumors: therapeutic advantages of minimalism in the skull base

Context: Glomus jugulare (GJ) tumors are paragangliomas found in the region of the jugular foramen. Surgery with/without embolization and conventional radiotherapy has been the traditional management option. Aim: To analyze the efficacy of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) as a primary or an adjunctive form of therapy. Settings and Design: A retrospective analysis of patients who received GKS at a tertiary neurosurgical center was performed. Materials and Methods: Of the 1601 patients who underwent GKS from 1997 to 2006, 24 patients with GJ underwent 25 procedures. Results: The average age of the cohort was 46.6 years (range, 22-76 years) and the male to female ratio was 1:2. The most common neurological deficit was IX, X, XI cranial nerve paresis (15/24). Fifteen patients received primary GKS. Mean tumor size was 8.7 cc (range 1.1-17.2 cc). The coverage achieved was 93.1% (range 90-97%) using a mean tumor margin dose of 16.4 Gy (range 12-25 Gy) at a mean isodose of 49.5% (range 45-50%). Thirteen patients (six primary and seven secondary) were available for follow-up at a median interval of 24 months (range seven to 48 months). The average tumor size was 7.9 cc (range 1.1-17.2 cc). Using a mean tumor margin dose of 16.3 Gy (range 12-20 Gy) 93.6% coverage (range 91-97%) was achieved. Six patients improved clinically. A single patient developed transient trigeminal neuralgia. Magnetic resonance imaging follow-up was available for 10 patients; seven recorded a decrease in size. There was no tumor progression. Conclusions: Gamma knife radiosurgery is a safe and effective primary and secondary modality of treatment for GJ.     

颅咽管瘤的伽玛刀放射外科治疗

目的评估伽玛刀放射外科治疗颅咽管瘤的长期疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析25例使用Leksell伽玛刀治疗颅咽管瘤的临床资料,其中实体性肿瘤5例,囊性肿瘤9例,囊实混合性肿瘤11例;肿瘤体积0.22~16.2 cm3。行剂量分割治疗5例,边缘剂量6~8 Gy,50%等剂量曲线;行单次治疗20例,边缘剂量10~15 Gy,35%~50%等剂量曲线。视神经、视束受照剂量控制在10 Gy以下。结果所有病人随访5~139个月,临床症状获得不同程度改善。MRI检查显示:肿瘤消失5例,缩小13例,无变化3例,治疗后囊液反复出现4例,经Ommaya囊抽液治疗后好转。结论伽玛刀治疗颅咽管瘤是一种安全、有效的方法,对小的实性肿瘤,可置管抽液的囊性肿瘤及术后残余肿瘤可作为首选治疗方法。     

眼眶肿瘤的伽玛刀放射外科治疗

目的 总结评价Leksell伽玛刀治疗眼眶肿瘤的中长期疗效.方法 223例患者年龄4～85岁,平均(37.5±15.6)岁.男91例,女132例;125例为手术后残留或复发者,98例根据典型临床及影像表现进行诊断;肿瘤容积0.03～35.60 cm3,平均(5.4±1.9)cm3;肿瘤边缘剂量10～40 Gy.结果 随访18 - 114个月,平均(35.7±16.2)个月,肿瘤缩小129例(57.8％),无变化80例(35.9％),14例(6.3％)肿瘤增大,肿瘤控制率为93.7％;142例患者治疗后视力得到保留,其中视力提升79例,减退19例;21例曾出现一过性球结膜水肿.结论 伽玛刀治疗眼眶肿瘤可取得良好肿瘤控制率,多数患者可保留视力,并发症少,可成为眼眶肿瘤的主要治疗方法之一.     

听神经瘤的γ—刀治疗（附119例随访报告）

目的 评价伽玛刀（γ－刀）治疗听神经瘤的疗效。方法 用Leksell B型γ-刀治疗听神经瘤119例,并随访1－5年。扫描定位用1．5Tesla磁共振仪,剂量规划系统为γ-plan4.0版。肿瘤体积0．02－20．8cm^3;周边剂量9－17Gy,平均13Gy;中心剂量18－45Gy,平均32Gy;靶点数2－10个,平均4个。结果 肿瘤体积缩小95例（80％）,其中显效16例（13％,指体积缩小超过75％）,无变化14例（12％）,增大10例（8％）。61例（51％）听力有保存,11例（9％）听力有改善;5例半年后出现面瘫,1列持续5周后消失,2例经再次手术后好转,另有2例有永久面瘫;3例病人出现三叉神经痛,2例为一过性,1例服药好转。结论 γ-刀治疗对听神经瘤具有良好的控制生长作用,尤其适合体积＜6．5cm^3及不宜开颅手术的病人,对颅神经的损伤风险低,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

三叉神经鞘瘤的放射治疗临床研究

目的回顾性分析γ刀放射对三叉神经鞘瘤的治疗作用及治疗剂量。方法应用γ刀治疗三叉神经鞘瘤42例获得随访资料,29例经影像学检查结合临床诊断首选γ刀治疗,13例为术后复发或残留,肿瘤直径31±6.8mm,肿瘤的平均体积10.4±2.8cm3。结果42例患者平均随访时间62个月。临床症状改善情况:有11例例症状完全消失,25例患者症状改善;6例患者症状改善不明显或者症状加重;临床症状改善总有效率为85.7%。肿瘤体积控制情况:13例肿瘤基本消失,21例肿瘤明显缩小(最大径缩小1/3以上),5例肿瘤未增大(肿瘤最大径缩小少于1/3以上),3例肿瘤分别于γ刀术后5、27和63个月增大,总体肿瘤控制率为92.9%(39/42)。肿瘤平均边缘剂量13Gy,以50%～80%等剂量曲线包绕靶区。结论γ刀放射治疗对直径小于50mm三叉神经鞘瘤有良好的中长期控制作用,肿瘤控制剂量为13～14Gy。     

三叉神经鞘瘤的伽玛刀治疗

目的 探讨伽玛刀治疗对三叉神经鞘瘤的临床疗效.方法回顾性分析1994年12月至2003年12月于本中心行伽玛刀治疗并随访的58例三叉神经鞘瘤,肿瘤平均体积4.6cm3,平均周边剂量13.1Gy,平均中心剂量28.3Gy.结果平均随访期42.5个月,影像随访证实4例肿瘤基本消失,34例明显萎缩,16例体积变化不明显,4例体积增大,肿瘤总控制率93%.28例患者的临床症状明显改善,23例临床症状无变化,7例临床症状持续加重.13例伴有继发性三叉神经痛的患者中,10例伽玛刀治疗后明显缓解或消失.结论伽玛刀治疗对中小型三叉神经鞘瘤安全有效,并可有效地改善其临床症状,保护瘤周颅神经的功能.     

颅内非听神经性神经鞘瘤的放射外科治疗临床研究

目的 回顾性分析伽玛刀放射外科对非听神经性神经鞘瘤的疗效及治疗剂量.方法 应用γ刀治疗非听神经神经鞘瘤,43例获得完全随访资料,包括24例三叉神经鞘瘤和19例颈静脉孔神经鞘瘤.以50%～80%等剂量曲线包绕靶区,肿瘤中位剂量分别为13 Gy(三叉神经鞘瘤)和15 Gy(颈静脉孔神经鞘瘤).结果 43例患者平均随访时间62个月.本组随访影像提示24例三叉神经鞘瘤患者伽玛刀治疗后肿瘤基本消失的4例(16.6%),肿瘤体积明显萎缩的12例(50.0%),肿瘤体积没有明显改变的6例(25%),肿瘤体积增大的2例(8.3%),肿瘤总控制率91.7%(22/24).19例颈神经孔神经鞘瘤患者伽玛刀治疗后肿瘤基本消失的3例(15.8%),肿瘤体积明显萎缩的9例(47.4%),肿瘤体积没有明显改变的6例(31.6%),肿瘤体积增大的1例(5.3%),肿瘤总控制率94.7%.本组患者肿瘤局部控制率为93%(41/44).临床症状改善总有效率为88.4%(38/43).结论 γ刀放射外科对非听神经性神经鞘瘤有良好的中长期控制作用,毒副作用较少.     

伽玛刀治疗听神经瘤中、长期疗效分析

目的总结评价伽玛刀(γ刀)放射外科治疗听神经瘤的中长期效果。方法78例患者平均年龄45.0±17.9岁,男性35例,女性43例;单侧病变74例,双侧4例;20例曾行手术治疗;57例γ刀治疗前存在有用听力;肿瘤容积0.11～27.8ml,平均10.8ml;边缘剂量10～14Gy,平均12.27Gy,中心剂量21～30Gy,平均24.90Gy。结果随访22～96个月,平均58.3±22.9个月;63例(80.8%)肿瘤缩小,12例(15.4%)大小无变化,3例(3.8%)肿瘤增大;47例患者有用听力得到保留,其中13(22.8%)例较术前明显改善;3例(3.8%)出现患侧面瘫;5例(6.4%)出现三叉神经功能部分受损。结论γ刀治疗听神经瘤中、长期疗效分析显示既可控制肿瘤生长又取得较高的神经功能保留率,值得推广。     

Gamma knife radiosurgery for orbital tumors

Objective

This study was performed to investigate the radiological and functional outcomes of patients with orbital tumors treated by gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS).

Patients and methods

Fifteen patients with orbital tumors (7 meningiomas, 3 cavernous hemangiomas, 2 schwannomas, 2 metastatic tumors and 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland) were treated. Seven patients with preserved vision and tumors located near the optic nerve were treated with multisession (3 or 4 fractions) radiosurgery. The mean tumor volume was 3695 mm³ (737–13,300). The median marginal dose was 14 Gy (13–20) in single-session radiosurgery, and the median cumulative marginal dose was 20 Gy (15–20) in multisession radiosurgery.

Results

After a mean follow-up of 20.9 months (6–50), tumor control was confirmed in 12 of 15 patients. Three patients with malignant lesions had to undergo another operation due to tumor progression. Of the 13 patients whose preoperative vision was preserved, 6 patients showed improvement in visual acuity and/or visual field, 4 patients showed no change in vision, and 3 patients showed deterioration (2 related to tumor progression).

Conclusions

As with intracranial tumors with similar pathologies, GKS may be an effective treatment option for orbital tumors. Multisession radiosurgery may be a good strategy for increasing the possibility of visual function preservation in selected cases in which the lesion is adjacent to the optic apparatus.     

伽玛刀治疗三叉神经鞘瘤疗效观察

目的 回顾性分析评价伽玛刀对三叉神经鞘瘤的临床疗效.方法 分析2004年2月至2010年5月于本中心应用Leksell“C”型伽玛刀治疗三叉神经鞘瘤41例,其中13例为术后复发或残留,28例经MRI诊断首选伽玛刀治疗.肿瘤平均直径22 mm,肿瘤的平均体积9 cm3.照射肿瘤的平均中心剂量为29.2 Gy,平均周边剂量12.8 Gy.结果 平均随访时间38个月.症状变化:首选伽玛刀治疗的患者8例症状完全消失;18例好转,11例症状无变化或轻微加重,4例因肿瘤增大症状加重.肿瘤变化:7例肿瘤基本消失,22例肿瘤缩小,8例肿瘤未增大,4例体积增大,肿瘤控制率90.2％.结论 伽玛刀对中小型三叉神经鞘瘤治疗安全有效,有良好的中长期控制作用,并可有效地改善其临床症状,保护周围脑神经,肿瘤控制剂量为12～13 Gy.     

Long term experience of gamma knife radiosurgery for benign skull base meningiomas

OBJECTIVES: As most reports on the gamma knife have related only to short or mid-term results, we decided to evaluate the effectiveness and toxicity of radiosurgical treatment for benign skull base meningiomas in 200 patients with a follow up of 5-12 years to define the role of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for basal meningiomas and to provide further data for comparison with other treatment options. METHODS: In total, 99 patients were treated with a combination of microsurgical resection and GKRS. In 101 patients, GKRS was performed as the sole treatment option. Tumour volumes ranged from 0.38 to 89.8 cm3 (median 6.5 cm3), and doses of 7-25 Gy (median 12 Gy) were given to the tumour borders at covering isodose volume curves (range 20-80%, median 45%). RESULTS: The actuarial progression free survival rate was 98.5% at 5 years and 97.2% at 10 years. Passing radiation induced oedema occurred in two patients (1%). The neurological status improved in 83 cases (41.5%), remained unaltered in 108 (54%), and deteriorated in 9 (4.5%). Worsening was transient in seven patients (3.5%) and unrelated to tumour or treatment in one (0.5%). Repeated microsurgical resection was performed in five patients following GKRS (2.5%). CONCLUSIONS: GKRS has proved to be an effective alternative to microsurgical resection, radiotherapy, and Linac based radiosurgery for adjunctive and primary treatment of selected patients with basal meningiomas. Because of the excellent long term tumour control rate and low morbidity associated with GKRS, this treatment option should be used more frequently in the therapeutic management of benign skull base meningiomas.     

伽玛刀治疗颅底良性脑膜瘤长期疗效分析

目的总结评价伽玛刀(γ刀)治疗颅底良性脑膜瘤的长期疗效。方法217例患者平均年龄52.2±13.8岁(9～83岁),男性65例,女性152例;病史0.5～216个月,平均35.5个月,中位时间26个月;105例曾行手术治疗;肿瘤容积0.41～42.8cm3,平均6.8±6.1cm3;均行增强MRI定位扫描;边缘剂量10～20Gy,平均13.9±1.8Gy,中心剂量22.2～40Gy,平均27.7±4.6Gy;等剂量曲线40%～60%,平均49.53%;等中心数2～20个,平均10个。结果随访36～120(平均69.8±21.8)个月,肿瘤控制率为97.7%(212/217);临床表现:130例(59.9%)好转,78例(35.9%)稳定,9例(4.1%)恶化;9例曾出现一过性症状加重;2例(0.9%)出现放射性水肿;6例(2.8%)于γ刀后行显微外科手术切除。结论伽玛刀治疗颅底脑膜瘤可长期控制肿瘤生长,并发症较少,能保证患者良好的生存质量,即为术后残留或复发的患者提供了进一步治疗的方法,也为较小颅底脑膜瘤患者治疗的主要疗法。     

小儿血管网状细胞瘤术后残留的伽玛刀治疗

目的 探讨伽玛刀对小儿血管网状细胞瘤术后残留的治疗作用. 方法 回顾性分析9例小儿血管网状细胞瘤术后残留行伽玛刀治疗的临床资料,其中等剂量曲线范围平均50%,周边剂量平均18 Gy,肿瘤中心剂量平均36.5 Gy. 结果 9例患儿随访时间12～48个月,6例患儿肿瘤缩小50%以上,临床症状和体征得到明显改善;1例患儿无变化并再次行伽玛刀治疗;2例患儿肿瘤进行性增大,其中1例第二次伽玛刀治疗,1例第二次行开颅手术治疗. 结论 伽玛刀对小儿血管网状细胞瘤术后残留的治疗是一种安全、有效的方法 .但要严格掌握适应证.     

伽玛刀治疗手术后的颅底脊索瘤

目的探讨手术后残存脊索瘤的伽玛刀治疗的相关因素。方法回顾性分析本中心自1996年6月至2004年底伽玛刀治疗的31例手术残存脊索瘤病例,其中男性20例,女性11例;年龄8-70岁,平均40．2岁。伽玛刀治疗的肿瘤体积0．47-27．6cm3,平均(11．4±7．4)cm3;射点数3 -12个,平均(6．5±2．4)个;肿瘤边缘剂量10-16Gy,平均(12．7±1．2)Gy;最大剂量20．8-40Gy,平均(29．2±4．0)Gy。结果本组28例得到治疗后6-102个月(平均30．2个月)的临床随访;和6-78 个月,平均28个月的影像随诊。用Kaplan-Meier生存分析,患者3年和5年的总生存率为90．9％和 75．8％。而影像学随诊中3年和5年的肿瘤实际控制率为64．2％和21．4％。伽玛刀治疗后1年左右多数肿瘤体积缩小;临床症状也相应缓解。随着时间延长,肿瘤复发比例增高。本组肿瘤增大的9 例中,7例为伽玛刀靶区外生长;再次伽玛刀治疗4例,再手术4例,继续临床观察1例。本组共2例死亡。尚未发现伽玛刀相关的严重并发症。结论对开颅手术残存的脊索瘤,伽玛刀是一种可选的治疗方法。治疗要及时,并要充分认知肿瘤的习性和对伽玛刀治疗的反应,有益于延长患者生存期, 提高生存质量。