慢性中重度缺血陛二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗及中期随访

目的 比较二尖瓣成形术和瓣膜置换术治疗慢性中重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的手术效果及中期随访结果 .方法 自2002年6月至2008年5月,83例慢性缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全(中度35例,重度48例)接受冠状动脉旁路移植术同期行二尖瓣成形术或二尖瓣置换术.男49例,女34例;年龄51～77岁,平均(59.3±7.5)岁.43例二尖瓣成形术包括使用Dacron补片条或自体心包条环缩后瓣环21例,交界处环缩9例,后叶矩形切除9例,St.Jude成形环环缩4例.40例二尖瓣置换术包括机械瓣28例,生物瓣12例.结果 住院死亡3例,二尖瓣成形术组和二尖瓣置换术组住院死亡分别占2.3%(1/43例)、5.0%(2/40例),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后瓣膜置换组机械通气时间长于二尖瓣成形组(P<0.05),二尖瓣成形组术后6例残余轻度二尖瓣反流(P<0.05)但不影响心功能,两组其他住院并发症无统计学差异(P>0.05).76例通过门诊或电话随访,随访3～60个月,平均(20.2±4.9)个月.随访期间二尖瓣成形术7例轻度二尖瓣反流.瓣膜置换组人工瓣功能均良好,3例出现抗凝相关并发症.随访远期死亡7例,冠状动脉旁路移植术同期二尖瓣成形术和二尖瓣置换术5年生存率分别为90%和61%.结论 对于慢性中重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全病人,二尖瓣成形术后近期和远期效果好,可作为优先选择的术式.     

Mitral regurgitation due to mitral valve prolapse associated with epidermolysis bullosa: case report

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) has been associated with several connective tissue disorders, including Marfan's syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and pseudoxanthoma elasticum. We present a case of MVP in a patient with epidermolysis bullosa. The authors are aware of only one previously reported case of this association. A 49-year-old man with a history of epidermolysis bullosa since childhood was admitted to our institution due to dyspnea on effort. On general examination he was observed to have alopecia, deformities in his nails, and fusions of his fingers. Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed the presence of MVP. In addition, coronary angiography showed three-vessel disease. Mitral valve replacement (ATS valve 25 mm) and coronary artery bypass grafting (left internal thoracic artery-LAD) were performed. The resected mitral valve (anterior leaflet) contained the area of the myxomatous lesion histologically. The pathological mechanism of epidermolysis bullosa is thought to be the destruction of collagen fibers due to increased levels of enzyme collagenase. Therefore there may be a common cause of MVP and epidermolysis bullosa based upon an abnormality of collagen metabolism.     

Mitral valve prolapse. A review

Primary mitral valve prolapse (MVP) or the disease known as MVP, consists of mixomatous degeneration of the mitral valve with systolic displacement of a portion or all of one or both mitral leaflets beyond mitral annulus into left atrium during systole, associated or not with mitral insufficiency. Prevalence in Mexican population is <2%. MVP behavior is benign unless associated with mitral insufficiency (MI, moderate-to-severe) or complications, or is associated with other syndromes. The major clinical feature of mitral valve prolapse syndrome is mid-to-late systolic clicks identified with auscultation of mitral valve. Echocardiography is usually employed for diagnosis and management. Two-dimensional echocardiography displays one or both leaflets prolapsing behind mitral annulus and into left atrium in systole. In the majority of cases, MVP is harmless and does not cause symptoms nor does it need to be treated. In a small number of cases, it can cause severe mitral regurgitation and needs surgical treatment. Complications derived from MVP must be treated independently. Secondary MVP also consist of displacement of one or both valves toward atrium, but this is due to pathologies such as rheumatic heart disease, ischemic heart disease, or others. In these situations, treatment will be that of the underlying diseases.     

Atrial fibrillation during a subarachnoid block in a patient with undiagnosed mitral valve prolapse

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common cardiac abnormality, and there are numerous documented cases of intraoperative dysrhythmias. However, the authors describe what is believed to be the first case of atrial fibrillation in a patient with an undiagnosed MVP who was given a subarachnoid block. A possible clinical sequencing for the subarachnoid block is offered. The differential diagnosis, etiology, pathology, and pathophysiology of MVP are discussed. Also detailed are the management of intraoperative dysrhythmias. Physicians should be aware, as in the case reported, that a new-onset atrial fibrillation can occur, even without previously diagnosed MVP.     

老年风湿性二尖瓣病变行二尖瓣修复术与生物瓣膜置换术中期效果比较

目的比较60岁以上老年患者风湿性二尖瓣修复(MVP)与生物瓣膜置换(MVR)的中期效果。方法选取2014年1月至2016年1月北京安贞医院瓣膜外科诊疗中心行风湿性二尖瓣修复或生物瓣置换手术的60岁以上老年风湿性二尖瓣病变患者,包括同期行三尖瓣修复术及房颤射频消融术患者;排除合并主动脉瓣手术、冠状动脉旁路移植手术、二次手术患者,最终纳入患者82例。根据二尖瓣手术方式分为二尖瓣修复组(MVP组,25例)和生物瓣置换组(MVR组,57例)。采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析并绘制曲线,通过Log Rank方法比较两组患者5年生存率的差异。结果围手术期全组患者平均年龄(66.37±4.41)岁。54.9%的患者心功能(NYHA分级)Ⅲ级。两组患者在体外循环时间(P=0.99),主动脉阻断时间(P=0.88),术后住院时间(P=0.76)差异均无统计学意义。MVR组3例患者住院期间死亡,病死率5.3%;MVP组无住院期死亡(P=0.24)。随访5年,最长随访63个月,平均随访47.03个月。MVR组6例死亡,其中4例死于心脑血管不良事件,2例死于非心脑血管不良事件。MVP组无死亡。两组均无再手术病例。结论风湿性二尖瓣病变的老年患者采用二尖瓣修复手术治疗能够获得较好的中期效果。     

Color encoding of the two-dimensional echocardiograms to analyze the echo texture of thickened mitral leaflets.

OBJECTIVE: The visual identification of different brightness of two-dimensional echocardiograms has natural limitations. The aim of this study was to perform a color-encoding technique on the echocardiograms and to evaluate whether the thickened mitral valve due to different etiologies may exhibit different colors and textures. DESIGN: Two-dimensional echocardiograms in parasternal long axis view in late diastole were digitized in 28 patients with thickened mitral valves and 14 age-matched control subjects. These 28 patients included 14 patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and 14 patients with rheumatic change of mitral valve (RMV). The mean gray level of the anterior mitral valve and the skewness of the histogram of gray level distribution of the anterior mitral valve were studied in all cases. RESULTS: A significantly greater mean gray level of mitral valves in patients with RMV (114 +/- 20, p < 0.001) and lesser mean gray level in patients with MVP (49 +/- 12, p = 0.041) compared to that of control subjects (62 +/- 18) were noted. The mitral valves of the echocardiograms of patients with MVP tended to show a blue-to-green color, while those of RMV tended to show a yellow-to-orange color by this image processing system. Significant differences in skewness of the gray level distribution of mitral valves in control vs RMV (p = 0.001), control vs MVP (p = 0.005), and RMV vs MVP (p < 0.001) were also found. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the thickened mitral valves due to MVP and RMV may exhibit different colors and textures. Digital image processing can provide additional information to conventional echocardiograms in characterizing different echo textures of the heart valves.     

Cibenzoline attenuates systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve after mitral valvoplasty

We report a patient in whom severe hemodynamic instability occurring after mitral valvoplasty (MVP) was successfully treated with cibenzoline. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) with mitral regurgitation (MR) resulting from the systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve that occurs after MVP often leads to hemodynamic collapse. Patients who develop SAM after MVP have been managed with intravenous volume loading, reduction/discontinuation of inotropic drugs, and with increased afterload, but these strategies were often ineffective. Cibenzoline decreased myocardial contraction, attenuated SAM, and improved hemodynamics in our patient. We recommend that cibenzoline be administered before further surgical manipulation is considered for patients who develop SAM after MVP.     

Expression of major vault protein gene in osteosarcoma patients.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant tumor of bone. Despite the successful use of multiple chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of OS, more than 30% of OS tumors remain resistant to treatment. Elucidation of cellular resistance mechanisms may lead to better treatments for cancer patients. In this study, we used the low-density expression cDNA array, GEArray Q Series Human Cancer Drug Resistance and Metabolism Gene Array to screen genes related to drug resistance in 15 OS tumors. Expression patterns of the MPV gene were validated by real time PCR on 45 OS patient tumor samples and correlated with clinical and pathological data. Major vault protein (MVP) expression was present in 24 (53%) tumor samples and absent in 21 (47%). Samples from surgery showed correlation between the expression of MVP, metastatic disease at diagnosis and event free survival (EFS). The MVP gene expression correlates with metastatic disease at diagnosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.048), and is also associated with worse EFS (p=0.036). These findings suggest that MVP expression is involved in one of the mechanisms of drug resistance in OS and is induced by chemotherapy.     

Orthotopic liver transplantation without bypass in a patient with mitral valve prolapse

Editor—Orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT) withoutbypass are associated with the potential for significant bloodloss, sharply decreasing intravascular volume during anhepaticstage, aggressive overloaded volume on reperfusion, and developedreperfusion syndrome around the time of reperfusion. A featureof mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is mitral regurgitation (MR)which may be exacerbated by increased systemic vascular resistance(SVR), bradycardia or excessive tachycardia, and volume overload.We present a case of a successful OLT without bypass in a patientwith anatomical MVP associated with moderate MR with a historyof end-stage liver disease. We present the anaesthetic problemsand management for this     

Color Encoding of the Two-dimensional Echocardiograms to Analyze the Echo Texture of Thickened Mitral Leaflets

Objective - The visual identification of different brightness of two-dimensional echocardiograms has natural limitations. The aim of this study was to perform a color-encoding technique on the echocardiograms and to evaluate whether the thickened mitral valve due to different etiologies may exhibit different colors and textures. Design - Two-dimensional echocardiograms in parasternal long axis view in late diastole were digitized in 28 patients with thickened mitral valves and 14 age-matched control subjects. These 28 patients included 14 patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and 14 patients with rheumatic change of mitral valve (RMV). The mean gray level of the anterior mitral valve and the skewness of the histogram of gray level distribution of the anterior mitral valve were studied in all cases. Results - A significantly greater mean gray level of mitral valves in patients with RMV (114 &#45 20, p < 0.001) and lesser mean gray level in patients with MVP (49 &#45 12, p = 0.041) compared to that of control subjects (62 &#45 18) were noted. The mitral valves of the echocardiograms of patients with MVP tended to show a blue-to-green color, while those of RMV tended to show a yellow-to-orange color by this image processing system. Significant differences in skewness of the gray level distribution of mitral valves in control vs RMV ( p = 0.001), control vs MVP ( p = 0.005), and RMV vs MVP ( p < 0.001) were also found. Conclusion - This study demonstrates that the thickened mitral valves due to MVP and RMV may exhibit different colors and textures. Digital image processing can provide additional information to conventional echocardiograms in characterizing different echo textures of the heart valves.     

Durability and outcome of aortic valve replacement with mitral valve repair versus double valve replacement

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate morbidity and mortality after double valve replacement (DVR) and aortic valve replacement with mitral valve repair (AVR + MVP). METHODS: From 1977 to 2000, 379 patients underwent DVR (n = 299) or AVR + MVP (n = 80). Actuarial survival and freedom from reoperation were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method. Potential predictors of mortality and reoperation were entered into a Cox multiple regression model. Propensity score was introduced for the multivariable regression modeling for adjustment of a selection bias. RESULTS: Survival 15 years after surgery was similar between the groups (DVR, 81% +/- 3%; AVR + MVP, 79% +/- 7%; p = 0.44). Freedom from thromboembolic event at 15 years was similar between the groups (p = 0.25). Freedom from mitral valve reoperation at 15 years was significantly better for the DVR group (54% +/- 5%) as compared with the AVR + MVP group (15% +/- 6%; p = 0.0006), primarily due to progression of mitral valve pathology and early structural deterioration of bioprosthetic aortic valve used for patients with AVR + MVP. After AVR + MVP, freedom from mitral reoperation at 15 years was 63% +/- 16% for nonrheumatic heart diseases, and 5% +/- 5% for rheumatic disease (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Although both DVR and AVR + MVP provided excellent survival, DVR with mechanical valves should be the procedure of choice for the majority of patients because of lower incidence of valve failure and similar rate of thromboembolic complications compared with AVR + MVP. MVP should not be performed in patients with rheumatic disease because of higher incidence of late failure.     

17例巴洛综合征的外科治疗

目的 总结17例巴洛综合征的手术治疗,并对其诊断、病因、手术方法进行初步探讨.方法 2005年8月至2007年12月,17例经临床、心脏超声及术后病理确诊有巴洛综合征病人,行二尖瓣成形术或置换术,随访其术后心功能与预后情况,总结巴洛综合征二尖瓣成形术的特点.并对10例上海地区病人进行基因学测序研究,探讨该巴洛综合征病人是否存在FLNA基因的位点发生改变.结果 术后病人心功能均提高至Ⅰ级.12例二尖瓣成形者术后食管超声显示,6例轻微反流,1例轻度反流,5例未测及反流.5例二尖瓣置换术者术后心脏超声均未见反流.所有接受手术治疗者,左心房内径、左心室舒张末内径及左室收缩末内径均较术前明显缩小(P<0.05).基因学测序结果显示,10例病人中有2例在FLNA的EXON1的5'UTR区域G10A位点发生改变.结论 二尖瓣手术(成形术或置换术)是治疗巴洛综合征的有效手段.巴洛综合征的二尖瓣成形术修复较难,有其特殊性,要警惕SAM现象,不能勉强修复;二尖瓣置换术也是一种很好的选择.部分巴洛综合征病人在FLNA的EXON 1的5'URT区域G10A有基因位点改变.     

17例巴洛综合征的外科治疗

目的 总结17例巴洛综合征的手术治疗,并对其诊断、病因、手术方法进行初步探讨.方法 2005年8月至2007年12月,17例经临床、心脏超声及术后病理确诊有巴洛综合征病人,行二尖瓣成形术或置换术,随访其术后心功能与预后情况,总结巴洛综合征二尖瓣成形术的特点.并对10例上海地区病人进行基因学测序研究,探讨该巴洛综合征病人是否存在FLNA基因的位点发生改变.结果 术后病人心功能均提高至Ⅰ级.12例二尖瓣成形者术后食管超声显示,6例轻微反流,1例轻度反流,5例未测及反流.5例二尖瓣置换术者术后心脏超声均未见反流.所有接受手术治疗者,左心房内径、左心室舒张末内径及左室收缩末内径均较术前明显缩小(P<0.05).基因学测序结果显示,10例病人中有2例在FLNA的EXON1的5'UTR区域G10A位点发生改变.结论 二尖瓣手术(成形术或置换术)是治疗巴洛综合征的有效手段.巴洛综合征的二尖瓣成形术修复较难,有其特殊性,要警惕SAM现象,不能勉强修复;二尖瓣置换术也是一种很好的选择.部分巴洛综合征病人在FLNA的EXON 1的5'URT区域G10A有基因位点改变.     

A short-acting beta-blocker,landiolol, attenuates systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve after mitral valve annuloplasty

Here, we describe three patients with severe hemodynamic instability after mitral valve annuloplasty (MVP) who were treated successfully using a new ultra-short-acting beta-blocker, landiolol hydrochloride. When systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve occurs after MVP, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) and mitral regurgitation (MR) often lead to hemodynamic collapse. Treatment of SAM is very difficult, and transfusion, or the reduction/discontinuation of catecholamine or vasopressor administration, is often ineffective. In our three patients, landiolol hydrochloride decreased the heart rate, markedly attenuated SAM, and improved the hemodynamics. We recommend that landiolol be administered before further surgical manipulation is considered in patients with SAM after MVP.     

17例巴洛综合征的外科治疗

目的 总结17例巴洛综合征的手术治疗,并对其诊断、病因、手术方法进行初步探讨.方法 2005年8月至2007年12月,17例经临床、心脏超声及术后病理确诊有巴洛综合征病人,行二尖瓣成形术或置换术,随访其术后心功能与预后情况,总结巴洛综合征二尖瓣成形术的特点.并对10例上海地区病人进行基因学测序研究,探讨该巴洛综合征病人是否存在FLNA基因的位点发生改变.结果 术后病人心功能均提高至Ⅰ级.12例二尖瓣成形者术后食管超声显示,6例轻微反流,1例轻度反流,5例未测及反流.5例二尖瓣置换术者术后心脏超声均未见反流.所有接受手术治疗者,左心房内径、左心室舒张末内径及左室收缩末内径均较术前明显缩小(P<0.05).基因学测序结果显示,10例病人中有2例在FLNA的EXON1的5'UTR区域G10A位点发生改变.结论 二尖瓣手术(成形术或置换术)是治疗巴洛综合征的有效手段.巴洛综合征的二尖瓣成形术修复较难,有其特殊性,要警惕SAM现象,不能勉强修复;二尖瓣置换术也是一种很好的选择.部分巴洛综合征病人在FLNA的EXON 1的5'URT区域G10A有基因位点改变.     

17例巴洛综合征的外科治疗

目的 总结17例巴洛综合征的手术治疗,并对其诊断、病因、手术方法进行初步探讨.方法 2005年8月至2007年12月,17例经临床、心脏超声及术后病理确诊有巴洛综合征病人,行二尖瓣成形术或置换术,随访其术后心功能与预后情况,总结巴洛综合征二尖瓣成形术的特点.并对10例上海地区病人进行基因学测序研究,探讨该巴洛综合征病人是否存在FLNA基因的位点发生改变.结果 术后病人心功能均提高至Ⅰ级.12例二尖瓣成形者术后食管超声显示,6例轻微反流,1例轻度反流,5例未测及反流.5例二尖瓣置换术者术后心脏超声均未见反流.所有接受手术治疗者,左心房内径、左心室舒张末内径及左室收缩末内径均较术前明显缩小(P<0.05).基因学测序结果显示,10例病人中有2例在FLNA的EXON1的5'UTR区域G10A位点发生改变.结论 二尖瓣手术(成形术或置换术)是治疗巴洛综合征的有效手段.巴洛综合征的二尖瓣成形术修复较难,有其特殊性,要警惕SAM现象,不能勉强修复;二尖瓣置换术也是一种很好的选择.部分巴洛综合征病人在FLNA的EXON 1的5'URT区域G10A有基因位点改变.     

17例巴洛综合征的外科治疗

目的 总结17例巴洛综合征的手术治疗,并对其诊断、病因、手术方法进行初步探讨.方法 2005年8月至2007年12月,17例经临床、心脏超声及术后病理确诊有巴洛综合征病人,行二尖瓣成形术或置换术,随访其术后心功能与预后情况,总结巴洛综合征二尖瓣成形术的特点.并对10例上海地区病人进行基因学测序研究,探讨该巴洛综合征病人是否存在FLNA基因的位点发生改变.结果 术后病人心功能均提高至Ⅰ级.12例二尖瓣成形者术后食管超声显示,6例轻微反流,1例轻度反流,5例未测及反流.5例二尖瓣置换术者术后心脏超声均未见反流.所有接受手术治疗者,左心房内径、左心室舒张末内径及左室收缩末内径均较术前明显缩小(P<0.05).基因学测序结果显示,10例病人中有2例在FLNA的EXON1的5'UTR区域G10A位点发生改变.结论 二尖瓣手术(成形术或置换术)是治疗巴洛综合征的有效手段.巴洛综合征的二尖瓣成形术修复较难,有其特殊性,要警惕SAM现象,不能勉强修复;二尖瓣置换术也是一种很好的选择.部分巴洛综合征病人在FLNA的EXON 1的5'URT区域G10A有基因位点改变.     

17例巴洛综合征的外科治疗

目的 总结17例巴洛综合征的手术治疗,并对其诊断、病因、手术方法进行初步探讨.方法 2005年8月至2007年12月,17例经临床、心脏超声及术后病理确诊有巴洛综合征病人,行二尖瓣成形术或置换术,随访其术后心功能与预后情况,总结巴洛综合征二尖瓣成形术的特点.并对10例上海地区病人进行基因学测序研究,探讨该巴洛综合征病人是否存在FLNA基因的位点发生改变.结果 术后病人心功能均提高至Ⅰ级.12例二尖瓣成形者术后食管超声显示,6例轻微反流,1例轻度反流,5例未测及反流.5例二尖瓣置换术者术后心脏超声均未见反流.所有接受手术治疗者,左心房内径、左心室舒张末内径及左室收缩末内径均较术前明显缩小(P<0.05).基因学测序结果显示,10例病人中有2例在FLNA的EXON1的5'UTR区域G10A位点发生改变.结论 二尖瓣手术(成形术或置换术)是治疗巴洛综合征的有效手段.巴洛综合征的二尖瓣成形术修复较难,有其特殊性,要警惕SAM现象,不能勉强修复;二尖瓣置换术也是一种很好的选择.部分巴洛综合征病人在FLNA的EXON 1的5'URT区域G10A有基因位点改变.     

17例巴洛综合征的外科治疗

目的 总结17例巴洛综合征的手术治疗,并对其诊断、病因、手术方法进行初步探讨.方法 2005年8月至2007年12月,17例经临床、心脏超声及术后病理确诊有巴洛综合征病人,行二尖瓣成形术或置换术,随访其术后心功能与预后情况,总结巴洛综合征二尖瓣成形术的特点.并对10例上海地区病人进行基因学测序研究,探讨该巴洛综合征病人是否存在FLNA基因的位点发生改变.结果 术后病人心功能均提高至Ⅰ级.12例二尖瓣成形者术后食管超声显示,6例轻微反流,1例轻度反流,5例未测及反流.5例二尖瓣置换术者术后心脏超声均未见反流.所有接受手术治疗者,左心房内径、左心室舒张末内径及左室收缩末内径均较术前明显缩小(P<0.05).基因学测序结果显示,10例病人中有2例在FLNA的EXON1的5'UTR区域G10A位点发生改变.结论 二尖瓣手术(成形术或置换术)是治疗巴洛综合征的有效手段.巴洛综合征的二尖瓣成形术修复较难,有其特殊性,要警惕SAM现象,不能勉强修复;二尖瓣置换术也是一种很好的选择.部分巴洛综合征病人在FLNA的EXON 1的5'URT区域G10A有基因位点改变.     

17例巴洛综合征的外科治疗

目的 总结17例巴洛综合征的手术治疗,并对其诊断、病因、手术方法进行初步探讨.方法 2005年8月至2007年12月,17例经临床、心脏超声及术后病理确诊有巴洛综合征病人,行二尖瓣成形术或置换术,随访其术后心功能与预后情况,总结巴洛综合征二尖瓣成形术的特点.并对10例上海地区病人进行基因学测序研究,探讨该巴洛综合征病人是否存在FLNA基因的位点发生改变.结果 术后病人心功能均提高至Ⅰ级.12例二尖瓣成形者术后食管超声显示,6例轻微反流,1例轻度反流,5例未测及反流.5例二尖瓣置换术者术后心脏超声均未见反流.所有接受手术治疗者,左心房内径、左心室舒张末内径及左室收缩末内径均较术前明显缩小(P<0.05).基因学测序结果显示,10例病人中有2例在FLNA的EXON1的5'UTR区域G10A位点发生改变.结论 二尖瓣手术(成形术或置换术)是治疗巴洛综合征的有效手段.巴洛综合征的二尖瓣成形术修复较难,有其特殊性,要警惕SAM现象,不能勉强修复;二尖瓣置换术也是一种很好的选择.部分巴洛综合征病人在FLNA的EXON 1的5'URT区域G10A有基因位点改变.