拉米夫定对异基因造血干细胞移植患者乙型肝炎病毒再激活的预防作用

目的探讨拉米夫定对异基因造血干细胞移植患者乙型肝炎病毒再激活的预防作用。方法2003年1月至2004年1月南京市鼓楼医院血液科3例行异基因造血干细胞移植的白血病患者中,2例乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性,HBV DNA分别为4.75×106拷贝·mL-1和1.15×106拷贝·mL-1。另1例HBsAg阴性,但其供者HBsAg阳性,HBV DNA为3.48×107拷贝·mL-1。对2例HBsAg阳性受者,移植前用拉米夫定;对HbsAg阴性受者干细胞回输时开始用拉米夫定,剂量均为0.1g每日1次,用至移植后1年。结果其中1例HBsAg阳性患者在移植后1个月内HBV DNA较高,波动于(1~1.2)×105拷贝·mL-1,1个月后HBV DNA降低,<3×104拷贝·mL-1。移植后1周丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)升高,最高达152U/L,持续1周后恢复正常。另1例移植后HBV DNA较低,持续<1×105拷贝·mL-1。无明显肝功能损害,ALT最高达56U/L。接受供者HB-sAg阳性患者移植后HBeAb阳性,HBcAb阳性,HBV DNA<1×103拷贝·mL-1。移植后10dALT升高,最高达205U/L,持续1周后恢复正常。3例患者长期服用拉米夫定耐受性好,无明显毒副反应。结论初步观察表明,拉米夫定可以预防异基因造血干细胞移植患者乙型肝炎病毒再激活,无明显毒副反应。     

Prevention of hepatitis B reactivation with lamivudine in hepatitis B virus carriers with hematologic malignancies treated with chemotherapy--a prospective case series

Administration of immunosuppressive treatment in hepatitis B virus carriers with malignancies is associated with the risk of hepatitis B reactivation. This complication is more frequent in patients with hematologic malignancies because administration of corticosteroids, the mainstay of treatment of these patients, is an independent risk factor for hepatitis B reactivation. When lamivudine is given prior to chemotherapy, it prevents the viral replication during the immunosuppression period; therefore, it might reduce the risk of hepatitis B exacerbation. We performed a prospective study to assess the efficacy of prophylactic administration of lamivudine in this setting. Ten hepatitis B virus carriers with hematologic malignancies were included in this study; seven were HBsAg positive, and three had isolated antiHBc and detectable HBV-DNA levels. Nine patients were given corticosteroids after the administration of lamivudine. Lamivudine was given per os at a dose of 100 mg once daily. In four patients that had not been previously treated with chemotherapy, lamivudine was started 19 days (median) (range, 0-35 days) prior to the onset of chemotherapy. The administration of lamivudine has not stopped since in any of our patients. After a median follow-up of 15 months (range 6-38 months), no hepatitis B reactivation was observed. HBV-DNA levels were decreased in all 6 patients who had detectable HBV-DNA at baseline. Lamivudine was well tolerated. Chemotherapy regimens were administered as planned, and their effectiveness was not compromised by lamivudine. In conclusion, prophylactic administration of lamivudine should be considered as a means of reducing the frequency of hepatitis B reactivation in hepatitis B virus carriers with hematologic malignancies who are being treated with chemotherapy.     

Current trends in management of hepatitis B virus reactivation in the biologic therapy era

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation represents an emerging cause of liver disease in patients undergoing treatment with biologic agents. In particular, the risk ofHBV reactivation is heightened by the use monoclonalantibodies, such as rituximab (anti-CD20) and alemtuzumab (anti-CD52) that cause profound and longlasting immunosuppression. Emerging data indicatethat HBV reactivation could also develop following theuse of other biologic agents, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors. When HBV reacti...     

抗肿瘤治疗期间乙型肝炎病毒再激活的诊断、治疗和预防

我国属HBV感染高流行区,随着有效的细胞毒性化学治疗的广泛应用,HBV再激活正成为常见的临床问题而引起人们的重视。我们就涉及化学治疗和造血干细胞移植(hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,HSCT)过程中的HBV再激活的诊断、治疗和预防,特别是预防性抗病毒治疗的有效性作一综述。1.HBV再激活的定义和诊断:1975年Wands等最早描述HBV再激活,其诊断基于HBsAg和抗-HBs的滴度     

Primary prophylaxis with lamivudine of hepatitis B virus reactivation in chronic HbsAg carriers with lymphoid malignancies treated with chemotherapy

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation of various degrees of severity, including fulminant hepatitis, may develop in 20-50% of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HbsAg)-positive patients undergoing immunosuppressive or cytostatic treatment. Lamivudine is a nucleoside analogue that can directly suppress HBV replication. We have performed a pilot study to test the efficacy and tolerability of lamivudine as a primary prophylaxis of HBV reactivation in 20 consecutive patients treated for haematological malignancies, mainly of lymphoid origin. Lamivudine, 100 mg/d, was given orally from the start until 1 month after the end of chemotherapy, which included corticosteroids and/or purine analogues in 85% of cases. It was well tolerated and did not cause any unexpected reduction of cytostatic drugs dosages. The chemotherapy programme was completed in all patients without modifications. A transient threefold increase in serum amylase was observed in one case. HBV-DNA levels decreased in six out of six patients (P = 0.039) and ALT levels in five out of six patients (P = 0.057) whose serum levels were abnormal at the onset of therapy. Two patients developed transient hepatitis. HBV reactivation was documented in only one of these patients who had stopped lamivudine 1 month before. No signs of HBV reactivation were detected both during and after treatment in 18 patients with a median follow-up of 6 months (range 3-12). Thus, primary prophylaxis with lamivudine may be a well tolerated and effective method to reduce the frequency of chemotherapy-induced HBV reactivation in chronic HBsAg carriers.     

Prophylactic antiviral therapy in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in hepatitis B virus patients

AIM: To investigate the timing, safety and efficacy of prophylactic antiviral therapy in patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT). METHODS: This prospective study recruited a total of 57 patients diagnosed with malignant hematological diseases and HBV infection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between 2006 and 2013. The patients were classified as hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag)-positive or HBs Ag-negative/ anti HBcpositive. Patients were treated with chemotherapy followed by antiviral therapy with nucleoside analogues. Patients underwent allo-HSCT when serum HBV DNA was < 103 IU/mL. Following allo-HSCT, antiviral therapy was continued for 1 year after the discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy. A total of 105 patients who underwent allo-HSCT and had no HBV infection were recruited as controls. The three groups were compared for incidence of graft-vs-host disease(GVHD), drug-induced liver injury, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, death and survival time. RESULTS: A total of 29 of the 41 subjects with chronic GVHD exhibited extensive involvement and 12 exhibited focal involvement. Ten of the 13 subjects with chronic GVHD in the HBs Ag(-)/hepatitis B core antibody(+) group exhibited extensive involvement and 3 exhibited focal involvement. Five of the 10 subjects with chronic GVHD in the HBs Ag(+) group exhibited extensive involvement and 5 exhibited focal involvement. The non HBV-infected group did not differ significantly from the HBs Ag-negative/anti HBc-positive and the HBs Ag-positive groups which were treated with nucleoside analogues in the incidence of graft-vs-host disease(acute GVHD; 37.1%, 46.9% and 40%, respectively; P = 0.614; chronic GVHD; 39%, 40.6% and 40%, respectively; P = 0.98), drug-induced liver injury(25.7%, 18.7% and 28%, respectively; P = 0.7),death(37.1%, 40.6% and 52%, respectively; P = 0.4) and survival times(P = 0.516). One patient developed HBV reactivation(HBs Ag-positivity) due to early discontinuation of antiviral therapy.CONCLUSION: Suppression of HBV DNA to < 103 IU/m L before transplantation, continued antiviral therapy and close monitoring of immune markers and HBV DNA after transplantation may assure the safety of alloHSCT.     

Prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy

With the increasing use of potent immunosuppressive therapy, reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in endemic regions is becoming a clinical problem requiring special attention. A recent annual nationwide survey clarified that HBV reactivation related to immunosuppressive therapy has been increasing in patients with malignant lymphoma, other hematological malignancies, oncological or rheumatological disease. In the survey, rituximab plus steroid‐containing chemotherapy was identified as a risk factor for HBV reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative patients with malignant lymphoma. In this setting, HBV reactivation resulted in fatal fulminant hepatitis regardless of the treatment of nucleoside analog. The Intractable Hepatobiliary Disease Study Group and the Study Group for the Standardization of Treatment of Viral Hepatitis Including Cirrhosis jointly developed guidelines for preventing HBV reactivation. The essential features of the guideline are as follows. All patients should be screened for HBsAg by a sensitive method before the start of immunosuppressive therapy. Second, hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAb) and hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) testing should be performed in HBsAg negative patients, especially those receiving intensive immunosuppressive therapy. Prophylaxis with nucleoside analogs is essential for preventing HBV reactivation in HBsAg positive patients. In contrast, HBsAg negative with HBcAb and/or HBsAb positive patients should be monitored monthly for an increase in serum HBV DNA during and 12 months after completion of chemotherapy. Nucleoside analogs should be administrated immediately when HBV DNA becomes positive during this period. This strategy facilitates commencement of nucleoside analogs at an early stage of HBV reactivation and results in prevention of severe hepatitis.     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病

目的：探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(Allo—HSCT)治疗恶性血液病的疗效、造血重建、免疫重建及长期生存的情况。方法：血液系统恶性疾病患者12例，其中同胞HLA相合异基因骨髓移植(Allo-BMT)及外周血干细胞移植(Allo—PBSCT)7例；无亲缘关系HLA不全相合脐血移植(UCBT)5例。结果：11／12例受者获造血重建，UCBT患者造血重建速度较同胞PBSCT或BMT慢，1例UCBT移植后46d造血功能未重建，回输自体骨髓后恢复自体造血。11例Allo—HSCT受者免疫功能重建开始于移植后30d，死亡2例，均为移植后复发病例。结论：Allo—HSCT是目前治愈恶性血液病的最佳方法，对于无同胞HLA相合的供者，选择较高细胞数量、HLA1～2个位点不合的UCBT仍然安全有效。     

Hepatitis B reactivation in patients receiving direct-acting antiviral therapy or interferon-based therapy for hepatitis C:A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM To assess the incidence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) reactivation in patients receiving direct-acting antiviral agent(DAA)-based therapy or interferon(IFN)-based therapy for hepatitis C and the effectiveness of preemptive antiHBV therapy for preventing HBV reactivation.METHODS The Pub Med, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched, and 39 studies that reported HBV reactivation in HBV/hepatitis C virus coinfected patients receiving DAAbased therapy or IFN-based therapy were included. The primary outcome was the rate of HBV reactivation. The secondary outcomes included HBV reactivation-related hepatitis and the effectiveness of preemptive anti-HBV treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues. The pooled effects were assessed using a random effects model. RESULTS The rate of HBV reactivation was 21.1% in hepatitis Bsurface antigen(HBs Ag)-positive patients receiving DAAbased therapy and 11.9% in those receiving IFN-based therapy. The incidence of hepatitis was lower in HBs Agpositive patients with undetectable HBV DNA compared to patients with detectable HBV DNA receiving DAA therapy(RR = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.06-0.64, P = 0.007). The pooled HBV reactivation rate in patients with previous HBV infection was 0.6% for those receiving DAA-based therapy and 0 for those receiving IFN-based therapy, and none of the patients experienced a hepatitis flare related to HBV reactivation. Preemptive anti-HBV treatment significantly reduced the potential risk of HBV reactivation in HBs Agpositive patients undergoing DAA-based therapy(RR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.1-0.96, P = 0.042).CONCLUSION The rate of HBV reactivation and hepatitis flare occurrence is higher in HBs Ag-positive patients receiving DAA-based therapy than in those receiving IFN-based therapy, but these events occur less frequently in patients with previous HBV infection. Preemptive anti-HBV treatment is effective in preventing HBV reactivation.     

Late onset of hepatitis B virus reactivation following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: successful treatment with combined entecavir plus tenofovir therapy

L. Milazzo, M. Corbellino, A. Foschi, V. Micheli, A. Dodero, A. Mazzocchi, V. Montefusco, G. Zehender, S. Antinori. Late onset of hepatitis B virus reactivation following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: successful treatment with combined entecavir plus tenofovir therapy.
Transpl Infect Dis 2011. All rights reserved Abstract: Prophylaxis with lamivudine (LAM) is recommended for hepatitis B core antibody‐positive allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, but the optimal timing for the institution and duration of the prophylaxis is still unknown. Furthermore, considering the high rate of mortality associated with hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBV‐R), the most potent and long‐term effective antiviral regimen should be considered. We report here a case of late onset of HBV‐R after a long‐term prophylaxis with LAM in a patient who underwent HSCT for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and who was successfully treated with a combination antiviral regimen including entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.     

Low incidence of hepatitis B virus reactivation and subsequent hepatitis in patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving direct‐acting antiviral therapy

To determine the clinical characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in patients undergoing interferon‐free antihepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy, we examined HBV DNA in 25 HBV co‐infected patients and 765 patients with resolved HBV infection during and after treatment with direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs). Among those with HCV genotype 1, asunaprevir plus daclatasvir was administered to 160 patients, sofosbuvir (SOF) plus ledipasvir to 438 patients and paritaprevir plus ombitasvir and ritonavir to 25 patients. In total, 167 patients with genotype 2 were treated with SOF plus ribavirin. Three patients with an HBV DNA level ≥2000 IU/mL were treated with entecavir before anti‐HCV therapy, without reactivation of HBV. In 3 of 22 (12%) HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive patients with an HBV DNA level <2000 IU/mL, the viral load increased during treatment. However, hepatitis flare did not occur in these patients. There was no significant difference in clinical history between patients with and without HBV reactivation. Among 765 patients with resolved HBV infection, HBV reactivation occurred in 1 (0.1%) patient after initial resolution, whose HBV DNA level spontaneously decreased after DAA therapy. We compared anti‐HBs titres at baseline with those at post‐DAA therapy in 123 patients without HBsAg. There was no significant difference in anti‐HBs levels between the two points (P = .79). In conclusion, HBV reactivation was rare in HBsAg‐negative patients treated with DAA therapy. Additionally, hepatitis did not occur in HBV‐reactivated patients with a baseline HBV DNA level <2000 IU/mL before DAA therapy.     

Resolved hepatitis B infection in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy: Monitor versus prophylaxis against viral reactivation

Risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBVr) in patients with resolved HBV infection receiving immunosuppressive therapy has been a growing concern, particularly in the era of biological and targeted therapies. HBV monitoring versus antiviral prophylaxis against HBVr in those patients remains controversial. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of HBVr and HBV-related hepatitis in resolved HBV patients who received immunosuppressive therapy with or without antiviral prophylaxis. This retrospective study included 64 patients with resolved HBV infection who received different regimens of immunosuppressive medications, with moderate risk of HBVr, for variable underlying diseases. Patients who had chronic HBV infection or other viral infections were excluded. Patients who received B-cell depleting therapies were ruled out. They were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 31 patients who received immunosuppressive therapy without antiviral prophylaxis, and group 2 included 33 patients who received antiviral prophylaxis (entecavir) within 2 weeks of commencing the immunosuppressive therapy. HBVr, HBV-related hepatitis, and HBV-unrelated hepatitis were assessed along a 1-year duration. The overall HBVr incidence was 1.56% (1/64). This patient who had HBVr was seen in group 1. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding the incidence of HBVr, HBV-related hepatitis, HBV-unrelated hepatitis, and immunosuppressive therapy interruption along a 1-year duration. Based on this retrospective study, close monitoring was equal to antiviral prophylaxis regarding the outcome of resolved HBV patients who received moderate risk immunosuppressive therapy. HBV treatment should commence once HBVr is confirmed.     

Hepatitis B virus reactivation during immunosuppressive therapy: Appropriate risk stratification

Our understanding of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation during immunosuppresive therapy has increased remarkably during recent years. HBV reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive individuals has been well-described in certain immunosuppressive regimens, including therapies containing corticosteroids, anthracyclines, rituximab, antibody to tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). HBV reactivation could also occur in HBsAg-negative, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) positive individuals during therapies containing rituximab, anti-TNF or HSCT.For HBsAg-positive patients, prophylactic antiviral therapy is proven to the effective in preventing HBV reactivation. Recent evidence also demonstrated entecavir to be more effective than lamivudine in this aspect. For HBsAg-negative, anti-HBc positive individuals, the risk of reactivations differs with the type of immunosuppression. For rituximab, a prospective study demonstrated the 2-year cumulative risk of reactivation to be 41.5%, but prospective data is still lacking for other immunosupressive regimes. The optimal management in preventing HBV reactivation would involve appropriate risk stratification for different immunosuppressive regimes in both HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative, anti-HBc positive individuals.     

核苷类似物预防乙型肝炎病毒再激活的临床分析

目的 探讨非活动性HBsAg携带者,因肿瘤或其他疾病,在接受化学治疗或免疫抑制剂治疗后,HBV再激活的发生情况和其临床特点以及用核甙类似物预防和治疗后疾病发生及发展的规律,为临床防治该类疾病提供依据. 方法选择患有肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病需进行细胞毒性药物化学治疗或免疫抑制剂治疗的非活动性HBsAg携带者为研究对象.对照组为2002年6月-2007年4月在我院符科室住院的患者,观察患者在免疫状态改变下病毒活跃复制、肝功能损害的临床特点和应用核甙类似物治疗后的效果及其最终临床转归.预防组为2007年4月-2008年7月在我院门诊或住院部治疗的患者,在基础疾病治疗前应用核苷类似物治疗,观察HBV再激活的情况和I临床表现.统计学分析采用两种属性独立性的χ2检验和相对危险度估计. 结果预防组患者共32例,在服用核苷类似物治疗后的第1、3、6、12个月定量检测HBV DNA,只有9.4%(3/32)患者出现了HBV冉激活,表现为HBV DNA阳转,肝功能异常.对照组患者共77例,化学治疗或使用免疫抑制剂前未使用核苷类似物,其中58.4%(45/77)的患者出现HBV再激活,χ2=22.083,P<0.01.对照组中有5例患者发展为重型肝炎,其中4例患者死亡,1例行活体肝移植.结论 非活动性HBsAg携带者接受化学治疗或免疫抑制剂治疗后HBV冉激活的发生率高,应早期使用拉米夫定等核苷类似物预防性抗病毒治疗,减少HBV再激活的概率,从而改善临床预后.     

Hepatitis B and C virus reactivation in immunosuppressed patients with inflammatory bowel disease

In recent years,a number of case reports and clinical studies have highlighted the risk of hepatitis B and C virus reactivation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who are treated with immunosuppressive drugs.The cases of viral hepatitis reactivation that have been reported are characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations,from viremia without clinically relevant manifestations to fulminant life-threatening hepatitis.The development and dissemination of biological immunosuppressive drugs have led to a significant increase in the number of reports of interest to physicians in a variety of clinical settings.On this topic,there have been a number of published guidelines and reviews that have collected the available evidence,providing recommendations on prophylactic and therapeutic strategies and methods for monitoring patients at risk.However,it should be noted that,to date,very few clinical studies have been published,and most of the recommendations have been borrowed from otherclinical settings.The published studies are mostly retrospective and are based on very heterogeneous populations,using different therapeutic and prophylactic regimens and obtaining conflicting results.Thus,it seems clear that it is desirable to concentrate our efforts on prospective studies,not conducting further reviews of the literature in the continued absence of new evidence.     

恩替卡韦抗病毒对TACE治疗的HBV DNA阴性乙型肝炎相关性肝癌的影响

目的 探讨应用恩替卡韦预防治疗接受肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）的乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）DNA阴性的乙型肝炎相关性肝细胞癌（HCC）患者对病毒激活的影响。方法 将45例HBV DNA阴性乙型肝炎相关性HCC患者随机分为观察组23例和对照组22例。两组患者均在常规护肝治疗基础上接受TACE治疗,观察组于TACE治疗前1周开始应用恩替卡韦分散片抗病毒治疗,对照组未行抗病毒治疗。采用荧光定量PCR法检测血清HBV DNA,采用微粒发光法检测血清HBV标志物,使用全自动生化分析仪检测血生化指标。观察并比较两组TACE后血清HBV DNA转阳和肝衰竭发生率及生存率情况。结果 在治疗24 w,观察组血清HBV DNA水平仍为<2 lg IU/mL,明显低于对照组的（4.10±2.86） lg IU/mL（P<0.01）,观察组HBV DNA转阳率为8.7%,明显低于对照组的36.4%（P<0.05）;观察组肝衰竭发生率为0.0%,对照组为22.7%,但两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;在治疗12 w,观察组血清ALT为（56.75±20.74） IU/L,明显低于对照组的（125.78±42.75） IU/L,PTA为（48.65±8.26）%,明显高于对照组的（42.74±7.42）%（P<0.05）;在24 w,观察组血清ALT水平和Child-Pugh评分分别为（50.73±18.45）IU/L和（6.26±1.46）分,明显低于对照组的（97.48±30.56） IU/L和（7.84±1.65） 分,PTA为（52.45±9.10）%,明显高于对照组的（39.56±6.78）%（均P<0.01）;两组近期临床疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组2 a生存率为69.6%,明显高于对照组的36.4%（P<0.05）。结论 对接受TACE治疗的HBV DNA阴性的乙型肝炎相关性HCC患者,给予恩替卡韦抗病毒预防性治疗可以抑制HBV再激活,改善肝功能。     

Hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatitis B virus surface antigen negative patients receiving immunosuppression: A hidden threat

AIM: To present the characteristics and the course of a series of anti- hepatitis B virus core antibody (HBc) antibody positive patients, who experienced hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after immunosuppression. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated in our tertiary centers the medical records of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) negative patients who suffered from HBV reactivation after chemotherapy or immunosuppression during a 3-year period (2009-2011). Accordingly, the clinical, laboratory and virological characteristics of 10 anti-HBc (+) anti-HBs (-)/HBsAg (-) and 4 anti-HBc (+)/antiHBs (+)/HBsAg (-) patients, who developed HBV reactivation after the initiation of chemotherapy or immunosuppressive treatment were analyzed. Quantitative determination of HBV DNA during reactivation was performed in all cases by a quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction kit (COBAS Taqman HBV Test; cut-off of detection: 6 IU/mL). RESULTS: Twelve out of 14 patients were males; median age 74.5 years. In 71.4% of them the primary diagnosis was hematologic malignancy; 78.6% had received rituximab (R) as part of the immunosuppressive regimen. The median time from last chemotherapy schedule till HBV reactivation for 10 out of 11 patients who received R was 3 (range 2-17) mo. Three patients (21.4%) deteriorated, manifesting ascites and hepatic encephalopathy and 2 (14.3%) of them died due to liver failure. CONCLUSION: HBsAg-negative anti-HBc antibody positive patients can develop HBV reactivation even 2 years after stopping immunosuppression, whereas prompt antiviral treatment on diagnosis of reactivation can be lifesaving.     

自体造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病及实体瘤的临床研究

目的探讨自体造血干细胞移植(AHSCT)治疗恶性血液病及实体瘤的疗效。方法1996年5月至2005年2月广州医学院第一附属医院肿瘤血液中心用AHSCT治疗的白血病及恶性淋巴瘤患者共20例,年龄18～50岁。预处理化疗方案选用以下药物中任意2种或3种联合:阿糖胞苷3～4g/m2,环磷酰胺4～6g/m2,依托泊苷(VP-16)0.5～1.0g/m2,司莫司汀300mg/m2,马法兰140mg/m2,塞替哌600mg/m2,卡铂1.0g/m2,白消安(Bu)16mg/kg。除2例ALL联合全身照射(剂量为8Gy)外,其余均单用化疗。结果所有患者移植后均重建造血,无移植相关死亡;随访中位值39.5(2～109)个月,无病生存者15例,占全部移植患者的75.0%。其中无病生存1年12例(60%),2年8例(40%),3年8例(40%),最长存活9年余。结论自体造血干细胞移植可明显提高完全缓解肿瘤患者的治愈率;对于复发或难治者,可以提高完全缓解率,延长生存期,提高生活质量。