唾液中白细胞介素与口腔癌的关系

唾液用于疾病的诊断越来越受到重视,由于口腔癌（OCC）发生部位的特点,唾液中白细胞介素（IL）可作为OCC诊断的生物标志物,并与OCC的发生、发展、侵袭、转移密切相关。本文对唾液中IL的检测方法及其与OCC发生、发展的关系等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

代谢组学在口腔癌及口腔癌前病变标志物研究中的应用

口腔癌是最常见的头颈部恶性肿瘤,可由口腔白斑等口腔癌前病变发展而来。因为缺少早期筛查及检测的肿瘤生物标记物,50%以上的口腔癌患者在晚期阶段才能得到确诊,发现可用于口腔癌早期诊断的肿瘤标志物正成为研究热点。基于代谢组学技术的分析方法具有发现肿瘤相关标志物的潜能,越来越多的用于重大疾病的风险预评估及早期诊断等方面的研究。该文对代谢组学的理论基础、检测技术及其在口腔癌和癌前病变标志物研究中的应用作一综述。     

唾液外泌体在口腔鳞状细胞癌的研究进展

口腔鳞状细胞癌 (oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)是影响人类健康的主要恶性肿瘤之一。由于缺少早期筛查及检测的肿瘤生物标记物,导致晚期口腔癌的致死率达到50%。外泌体(exosomes)是细胞释放到细胞外的纳米级囊泡,广泛分布于唾液中,携带生物活性分子,介导肿瘤细胞和肿瘤微环境之间的相互作用。随着对外泌体研究的深入,发现外泌体与口腔疾病的诊断和治疗有着密切的关系,可作为口腔癌早期筛查的理想标志物。本文就唾液中外泌体在口腔鳞状细胞癌的研究进展作一综述,为口腔癌早期诊断的研究提供参考。     

唾液的诊断应用研究

唾液由口腔腺体分泌产生,具有清洁和保护口腔、抗菌、消化等多种功能。随着唾液组学的发展,研究发现唾液是一个潜在的巨大生物标志物储存库。唾液采集无侵袭性、可避免病毒传播,有望成为血液的替代品。本文就关于唾液生化指标、DNA、RNA、蛋白质和微生物等生物标志物在口腔疾病、癌症、糖尿病等全身系统性疾病早期诊断中的应用,结合近期研究成果与学者观点,阐述唾液在疾病早期诊断和精准医疗中的应用前景。     

外泌体与口腔疾病关系的研究进展

外泌体是由各种类型的细胞分泌的多形性囊泡样小体,其中含有蛋白质和RNA等多种成分,具有抗肿瘤免疫、促血管新生等生理功能,并且与口腔疾病密切相关.外泌体可作为口腔癌、口腔黏膜病、唾液腺疾病等口腔疾病诊断的生物标志物,还有作为口腔癌候选抗癌疫苗的可能.本文主要就外泌体及其与口腔疾病的关系作一综述.     

口腔癌患者唾液中透明质酸含量的检测及意义

目的:检测口腔癌患者唾液中透明质酸(HA)的含量,探讨HA对口腔癌辅助诊断和治疗效果监测的价值。方法:选择住院治疗的口腔癌患者36例,健康人20例,采用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)测定所有标本唾液中的HA浓度。结果:治疗前口腔癌患者唾液中HA含量显著高于健康人(P<0.05),治疗后口腔癌患者唾液中HA含量低于治疗前,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:唾液中HA含量测定对口腔癌可能有辅助诊断价值。唾液中HA的含量变化可作为判断肿瘤预后的参考,但不能用于治疗效果的监测。     

组织多肽特异性抗原作为肿瘤标志物的研究进展

组织多肽特异性抗原是角质细胞蛋白18片段上的M3-抗原决定簇。研究表明,在健康人和大多数良性疾病患者中,组织多肽特异性抗原含量甚微;在恶性肿瘤浸润生长和转移的过程中及一些非肿瘤疾病病情进展时,其在各种体液中含量均增高。本文对近年来有关组织多肽特异性抗原作为肿瘤标志物的研究,尤其是口腔癌患者血清及唾液中该物质含量与肿瘤发生、分级、预后的关系进行综述。     

基于唾液检测病毒感染性生物标志物的研究进展

唾液具有清洁、消化和抑菌等多种功能,其成分可因病毒等感染而发生变化.唾液成分可包含多种病毒感染的生物标志物,如DNA、RNA、抗体和抗原等.随着现代科学技术的突破性发展,各种生物标志物的检出使得利用唾液样本辅助诊断病毒感染成为可能.唾液样本具有无侵入性、方便易取的优势,逐渐成为了病毒感染检测领域的研究热点.本文将围绕该...     

CA125作为肿瘤标志物的研究进展

CA125卵巢癌相关抗原发现于1981年.大量研究证明:在健康人和大多数良性疾病患者中,CA125质量甚微;在恶性肿瘤浸润生长和转移的过程中以及一些非肿瘤疾病病情进展时,CA125在各种体液中质量增高.本文对近年来有关CA125作为肿瘤标志物的研究,尤其是口腔癌患者血清和唾液中CA125质量与肿瘤发生、分级和预后的关系...     

唾液蛋白质组学在口腔疾病诊断中的研究进展

近年蛋白质组技术的发展为利用唾液寻找疾病标志物提供了更稳健的平台。本文就唾液蛋白质组分析技术研究口腔鳞状细胞癌、原发性舍格伦综合征、牙周病等疾病标志物现况和当前存在的问题作一综述。     

“Search less,verify more”—Reviewing salivary biomarkers in oral cancer detection

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the commonest head and neck malignancies with approximately 350 000 cases reported annually and a mortality rate of 50% often attributed to late clinical presentation. Due to the close relationship between saliva bio-fluid and tumour lesions, optimizing salivary biomarkers for disease detection and screening provides a major new research direction in diagnostic oral oncology. As inter-tumour heterogeneity and intra-tumour heterogeneity are common within oral cavity neoplasms, it is unlikely that a single diagnostic or “risk-stratifying” saliva biomarker will suffice for universal translation to clinical practice. Therefore, this article highlights a number of promising saliva biomarker combinations for oral cavity cancer detection that require further research and validation to determine their true diagnostic potential.     

Comparative proteomic analysis of human whole saliva

Human saliva performs a wide variety of biological functions that are critical for the maintenance of the oral health. Various functions include lubrication, buffering, antimicrobial protection, and the maintenance of mucosal integrity. In addition, whole saliva may be analysed for the diagnosis of human systemic diseases, since it can be readily collected and contains identifiable serum constituents. By using proteomic approach, we have established a reference proteome map of human whole saliva allowing for the resolution of greater than 200 protein spots in a single two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel. Fifty-four protein spots, comprised of 26 different proteins, were identifies using N-terminal sequencing, mass spectrometry, and/or computer matching with protein database. Ten proteins, whose levels were significantly different when bleeding had occurred in the oral cavity, were discussed in this study. These 10 proteins include -1-antrypsin, apolipoprotein A-I, cystatin A, SA, SA-III, and SN, enolase I, hemoglobin β-chain, thioredoxin peroxiredoxin B, as well as a prolactin-inducible protein. The proteomic approach identifies candidates from human whole saliva that may prove to be of diagnostic and therapeutic significance.     

Identification of a truncated cystatin SA-I as a saliva biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma using the SELDI ProteinChip platform

New and more consistent biomarkers of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are needed to improve early detection of the disease and to monitor patient management. The aim of this study was to detect new OSCC tumor markers in saliva. Unstimulated saliva, collected from patients with primary stage I OSCC as matched pre-and post-treatment samples, was used in the analysis. A surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF) ProteinChip system was used to screen for differentially expressed proteins in the saliva samples. This analysis revealed 26 proteins with significantly different expression levels in the pre-and post-treatment samples (P < 0.05). A 14 kDa protein detected in pre-treatment saliva from the OSCC patients was identified as a truncated cystatin SA-I, with deletion of three amino acids from the N-terminus. The authors propose that ProteinChip analysis may provide a reliable screening test for early diagnosis of OSCC and that truncated cystatin SA-I might be a useful tumor biomarker for OSCC.     

表面增强激光解吸-电离质谱法筛选唾液中口腔鳞状细胞癌蛋白标志物

目的 在唾液中筛选口腔癌前病变、鳞状细胞癌、转移癌并与健康人鉴别的肿瘤蛋白标志物.方法 在CM-10蛋白质芯片上采用表面增强激光解吸-电离(Surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization(SELDI)质谱法技术对口腔白斑(6例)、鳞状细胞癌(17例)、转移癌(7例)和健康者(15人)的非刺激性全唾液中的蛋白标志物进行检测,支持向量机法建立指纹图谱诊断模式.结果 口腔鳞状细胞癌和健康人唾液蛋白鉴别模式:蛋白质荷比峰(简称:质荷比)5797、2902、3883和4951组合,敏感性为88.24%、特异性为93.33%;口腔鳞状细胞癌和白斑鉴别模式:质荷比为5818、4617和3884的组合,敏感性为100.00%、特异性为100.00%;口腔鳞状细胞癌和局部转移癌的鉴别模式:质荷比为55 809和5383的组合,敏感性为94.12%、特异性为85.71%.结论 通过SELDI质谱法技术筛选出的肿瘤标志物可以辅助口腔鳞状细胞癌的早期诊断,预测白斑向鳞状细胞癌转化及癌局部转移的潜能.     

Evaluation of saliva and plasma cytokine biomarkers in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

The aim of this study was to investigate potential biomarkers in human saliva and plasma to aid in the early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Saliva and plasma samples obtained from OSCC patients (n = 41) and non-oral cancer patients (n = 24) were analyzed by Luminex Bead-based Multiplex Assay. Data were analyzed using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) to evaluate the predictive power of 14 biomarkers individually for OSCC diagnosis. The plasma level of IP-10 in early OSCC differed significantly from that in controls. Among the salivary biomarkers, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1β, eotaxin and IFN-γ and TNF-α showed significant differences between OSCC patients and controls. With respect to carcinogenesis, significant differences in plasma levels of eotaxin, G-CSF, and IL-6 were found between OSCC stages III/IV and OSCC stages I/II. The area under the curve (AUC) for OSCC vs. control was greater than 0.7 for plasma IP-10 and saliva IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. The study findings indicate that salivary biomarkers may serve a useful role as a complementary adjunct for the early detection of oral OSCC. With regard to the evaluation of tumour progression, plasma eotaxin, G-CSF, and IL-6 may help in the detection of advanced OSCC. However, the correlation between saliva and plasma biomarkers in OSCC was weak.     

Changes in the oral ecosystem induced by the use of 8% arginine toothpaste

ObjectiveBacterial metabolism of arginine in the oral cavity has a pH-raising and thus, potential anti-caries effect. However, the influence of arginine on the oral microbial ecosystem remains largely unresolved.DesignIn this pilot study, nine healthy individuals used toothpaste containing 8% arginine for eight weeks. Saliva was collected to determine arginolytic potential and sucrose metabolic activity at the Baseline, Week 4, Week 8 and after a two weeks Wash-out period. To follow the effects on microbial ecology, 16S rDNA sequencing on saliva and plaque samples at Baseline and Week 8 and metagenome sequencing on selected saliva samples of the same time-points was performed.ResultsDuring the study period, the arginolytic potential of saliva increased, while the sucrose metabolism in saliva decreased. These effects were reversed during the Wash-out period. Although a few operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in plaque changed in abundance during the study period, there was no real shift in the plaque microbiome. In the saliva microbiome there was a significant compositional shift, specifically the genus Veillonella had increased significantly in abundance at Week 8.ConclusionIndeed, the presence of arginine in toothpaste affects the arginolytic capacity of saliva and reduces its sucrose metabolic activity. Additionally, it leads to a shift in the salivary microbiome composition towards a healthy ecology from a caries point of view. Therefore, arginine can be regarded as a genuine oral prebiotic.     

Oral fluid and hepatitis A, B and C: a literature review

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41 : 505–516 Background and aims: Viral hepatitis is a significant global health problem that, depending upon the virus, affects individuals of the developing and/or developed world. In recent years, there has been renewed interest in whether oral fluids can be considered as a source of viral hepatitis transmission and whether oral fluid, in particular, whole saliva, may be a useful source for viral detection as part of the diagnosis and monitoring of viral hepatitis. The aim of this article was to review current data concerning the possible carriage of the hepatitis A, B and C viruses within saliva and gingival crevicular fluid. Such knowledge will indicate if (i) oral fluid is a possible source of infection and (ii) whether oral fluid can be used for diagnosis and monitoring of viral hepatitis. Data and sources: A literature search was conducted using PubMed (Medline), EMBASE/Excerpta medica, the Cochrane database and Scopus. The results were limited to published material after 2000. Relevant material was evaluated and reviewed. Conclusion: There is some evidence that hepatitis viruses A, B and C are present in oral fluids, particularly whole saliva and gingival crevicular fluid and may thus be possible sources of viral detection in clinical diagnosis and monitoring. However, the data are inconsistent and warrant the need for well‐planned longitudinal studies to explore the precise frequency of oral carriage of such viruses and to determine the virological and host factors that may influence the oral presence of hepatitis A, B and C viruses.     

Membrane transporters in salivary exosomes and microvesicles as biomarkers of systemic or oral disease

Backgroundsaliva is useful to assess health or disease states. Recently, proteomic technologies have allowed rapid progress in saliva analysis.Highlight(1) saliva contains three main types of extracellular vesicles; (2) the vesicles are exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies; (3) proteome is analyzed in saliva, salivary exosomes, and salivary microvesicles; (4) membrane transporters are in saliva, and salivary exosomes and/or microvesicles; (5) biomarker discovery in exosomes and microvesicles of saliva is progressing.Conclusionmembrane transporters such as aquaporin, ion channels, carriers in saliva, and salivary exosomes or microvesicles, might be valuable biomarkers of systemic or oral health.