骨盆原发性恶性骨肿瘤的影像学表现

目的：对照分析骨盆原发性恶性骨肿瘤的影像学表现,以期提高对本病的认识。方法：收集47例经病理证实的骨盆原发性恶性骨肿瘤患者,根据经典骨盆肿瘤四区法对其进行分区,对比分析其X线、CT和MRI表现的差异。结果：髋周骨肿瘤发病率为软骨肉瘤 > 骨肉瘤 > 浆细胞瘤 > 淋巴瘤 > 尤因肉瘤,多区发病多见。虫蚀状骨破坏18例、渗透状破坏13例,软组织肿块密度/信号均匀14例、不均匀11例;非髋周肿瘤发病率为软骨肉瘤 > 浆细胞瘤 > 尤因肉瘤 > 骨肉瘤 > 淋巴瘤,发病区域无特殊性。髋周肿瘤虫蚀状骨破坏18例,渗透状破坏13例;非髋周肿瘤虫蚀状骨破坏14例,渗透状破坏2例。髋周肿瘤周围软组织肿块密度/信号较均匀14例,不均匀11例;非髋周肿瘤软组织肿块密度/信号均匀12例,不均匀10例。结论：骨盆原发性恶性骨肿瘤的发病区域及影像学表现具有一定特征性,可为临床诊断及治疗提供依据。     

原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的影像学诊断

目的 探讨X线、CT及血管造影对原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的诊断价值及鉴别诊断。资料与方法 回顾分析经手术和／或病理证实的46例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的l临床及影像学资料，46例全部作过十二指肠气钡双对比造影，并有13例作低张十二指肠插管造影；28例作CT检查；11例作数字减影血管造影。结果 胃十二指肠双对比造影及低张十二指肠插管诊断十二指肠癌24例；平滑肌肉瘤6例；恶性淋巴瘤4例。诊断总符合率为73．91％(34／46)。误诊率为17．39％(8／46)，漏诊率为8．7％(4／46)。CT检查28例，确诊十二指肠癌4例，平滑肌肉瘤7例。误诊为腹腔脓肿2例，平滑肌瘤6例，腹腔恶性肿瘤9例。诊断符合率为39．29％(11／28)，误诊率为60．71％(17／28)。血管造影11例，9例检出病变，6例确诊为十二指肠恶性肿瘤，3例误为良性肿瘤，2例未发现明显肿瘤血管。确诊率为54．55％(6／11)，误、漏诊率分别为27．27％(3／11)、18．18％(2／11)。结论 胃十二指肠气钡双对比造影是发现十二指肠恶性肿瘤最简单易行的方法，它和胃镜配合能得到病理学诊断。低张十二指肠插管造影对重度肠腔狭窄或阻塞患者显示病变范围起补充作用。CT能显示管外型恶性肿瘤的软组织块影及管壁破坏和有无淋巴结肿大。血管造影能根据血供来源明确钡餐难发现、CT仅显示与肠管无明显联系的平滑肌肉瘤，并可进行栓塞IE血治疗。     

骨盆原发性恶性肿瘤的影像学诊断

目的:探讨骨盆原发性恶性肿瘤的影像学诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析17例经病理证实的骨盆原发性恶性肿瘤的影像学表现。结果:17例骨盆原发性恶性肿瘤中,骨盆软组织来源10例,骨性骨盆来源7例。骨盆软组织来源者多位于臀部肌肉或肌间隙(7/10),骨性骨盆来源者多位于双侧髂骨或累及髂骨(5/7)。5例显示钙化,其中软骨肉瘤2例,表现为多发环状及条状钙化,另外3例为平滑肌肉瘤、滑膜肉瘤及血管肉瘤,为散在少量点状钙化;11例表现为不均匀强化,4例实性部分明显强化,2例无明显强化;5例为囊实性,12例为实性。结论:骨盆原发性恶性肿瘤病理类型复杂,熟悉其影像学表现有助于提高术前诊断符合率,最终确诊仍需组织病理学。     

脊柱原发性骨肿瘤的影像学诊断

目的 分析脊柱原发性骨肿瘤影像学诊断.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的59例脊柱原发性骨肿瘤,重点分析其影像学表现的共性和对于临床指导意义.结果 59例脊柱原发性骨肿瘤中,脊索瘤23例,血管瘤7例,骨巨细胞瘤11例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿5例,成骨细胞瘤7例,成骨性骨肉瘤2例,骨髓瘤2例,脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿1例,原发恶性淋巴瘤1例.各种肿瘤各具其影像学表现特点.结论 影像学检查对原发性脊柱骨肿瘤的临床治疗具有指导作用.     

原发性骨恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的影像学诊断

目的:分析原发性骨恶性纤维组织细胞瘤(PBMFH)的影像学表现及诊断价值.方法:收集2006.6～2010.11间经病理证实的18例PBMFH(男6例,女12例),平均年龄49.6岁,肱骨2例,股骨9例,胫骨5例,腓骨1例,髋臼及股骨头1例.X线检查12例,CT检查12例,MRI检查13例(增强7例).结果:X线平片上可见到骨质破坏(18例)、边缘/髓腔硬化(8例)、骨膜反应(3例)、软组织肿块(2例)、病理性骨折(2例)等表现.CT片示2例病灶内部骨嵴影.MRI上12例表现为T1WI等低、T2WI混杂信号,其中5例病灶内含更低信号细小分隔影;另1例T1WI、T2WI上呈均匀高信号.结论:虫蚀状骨皮质破坏,局部皮质可断裂,骨破坏区内可有/无残留骨嵴,骨膜反应少见是PBMFH的影像学特点,有助于诊断与鉴别诊断.     

脑原发性恶性淋巴瘤的影像学表现(附11例分析)

脑原发性恶性淋巴瘤是一种临床比较少见肿瘤.我院1988年1月～1999年2月经手术病理证实的11例,从临床及影像表现进行总结分析,以期提高诊断水平.1材料与方法本组中男性5例,女性6例,年龄8～67岁,其中45～65岁占7例.     

原发性软骨肉瘤的组织病理学与影像学表现的对比研究

原发性软骨肉瘤(primary chondrosarcoma)是一种以肿瘤细胞形成软骨基质并直接形成病灶为特征的恶性骨肿瘤.在原发性恶性骨肿瘤中,其发病率仅次于多发性骨髓瘤和骨肉瘤而居第三位.笔者就其组织病理学特点及影像学表现作一综述.     

甘氨双唑钠对恶性肿瘤放射增敏的临床研究

目的 评价甘氨双唑钠(sodium glycididazole, CMNa)在恶性肿瘤的放射增敏作用及安全性。方法 对符合CMNa Ⅳ期临床研究的80例诊断明确的实体瘤患者采用三维适形放疗(three dimensional conformal radiotherapy, 3D-CRT)或常规放疗,2 Gy/次,5次/周,中位照射剂量60Gy,同期应用CMNa 800 mg/m²,每周3次;观察肿瘤近期疗效和毒性作用。结果 宫颈癌的近期疗效最好,有效率91.7%,其后依次是鼻咽癌85.7%、食管癌66.7%、肺癌54.5%、肝胆癌40%,全部有效率(CR+PR)62.6%,疾病控制率(CR+PR+SD)达到100%;黏膜、皮肤的不良反应最常见,但多为1～2级轻度反应,分别为51.3%和46.3%;血液毒性白细胞下降最明显,但与治疗前相比差异无统计学意义(χ²=3.329,P=0.061),对肝肾功能、心电图变化均无明显影响。结论 放疗结合CMNa治疗恶性肿瘤有满意的近期疗效,无明显毒性反应。     

Bone and soft tissue tumors of hip and pelvis

Objective is to identify epidemiologic and radiologic criteria allowing specific diagnoses of tumors and tumor-like lesions in the hip region and pelvis, and to optimize pre-operative staging. Patients with pelvic tumors are usually older, and their tumors are larger relative to patients with tumors in extremities. The majority of tumors in the pelvis are malignant (metastases, myeloma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing-, osteo-, and MFH/fibrosarcoma), while those in the proximal femur are in majority benign (fibrous dysplasia, solitary bone cyst, and osteoid osteoma). Soft tissue masses in the thigh in the elderly are typically sarcomas without tumor specific signs. Common tumor-like lesions occurring in the hip and pelvis that can mimic neoplasm are: infections (including tuberculosis), insufficiency/avulsion fractures, cysts, fibrous dysplasia, aneurysmal bone cyst, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and Paget's disease. Local MR staging is based on the compartmental anatomy. The psoas and gluteal muscles are easily invaded by sarcoma originating in the ileum. The pectineus muscle protects the neurovascular bundle at the level of the hip. The thigh is separated into three compartments, some structures (Sartorius muscle) cross borders between compartments. Immobile joints (SI-joints, osteoarthritic hip) are relatively easily crossed by sarcoma and giant cell tumor.     

Sonographic imaging of the paediatric female pelvis

Several conditions necessitate a pelvic ultrasound in their management. In this paper, we will first review the embryology of the female genital system and the normal morphology of the uterus and ovaries from birth to puberty. Thereafter, this paper aims to categorise pelvic pathologies based on their clinical presentations. We will consider successively ambiguous genitalia, precocious puberty, delayed puberty and amenorrhea, gynaecological masses and, finally, pelvic pain of gynaecological origin. Ultrasound is the key screening tool and often the only examination indicated. The appropriateness of other modalities, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, will be discussed. The aim of this article is to help radiologists form a sensible imaging plan when presented with a diagnostic dilemma involving the pelvis in female children.     

肩胛骨肿瘤的临床及影像学分析

目的 分析肩胛骨肿瘤的临床及影像学表现.方法 选取2010年1月～2020年1月经手术病理证实的50例肩胛骨病变的临床及影像学资料进行回顾性分析.结果 50例肩胛骨病变中,良性肿瘤24例(48％),中间型肿瘤7例(14％),恶性肿瘤19例(38％),病变类型共14种.良性肿瘤中骨软骨瘤最多见,共21例(占良性肿瘤87....     

Lumbosacral osseous tumors in children

A wide variety of benign and malignant neoplasms in children involve the lumbosacral region. When a solitary lesion of the lower spine occurs, tumors or tumor-like lesions represent an important group of entities for diagnostic consideration. Diagnostic investigation should begin with a patient history, physical examination, laboratory testing, and radiography. Roentgenograms, which demonstrate bone deviations, should be used as an initial examination. The results should direct further imaging studies, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and bone scintigraphy. CT should be the chosen modality for delineating tumoral osteoid matrix formation. MRI shows soft-tissue masses and medullary infiltration better than any other radiological modality. A multimodal radiological approach is helpful in the overall evaluation and differential diagnosis of vertebral lesions in children. Although imaging features, especially of benign lesions, may yield a high percentage of accurate diagnoses, in cases with radiological findings highly suggestive of malignancy, a specific diagnosis cannot always be made, and histopathological findings are essential to achieve the diagnosis that will guide the therapy.     

肺上沟瘤的临床误诊分析及影像诊断

目的：分析肺上沟瘤的误诊原因及影像学表现,提高临床医生对本病的认识。方法回顾性分析19例经病理证实的肺上沟瘤患者的临床表现、影像学表现及误诊情况。结果19例肺上沟瘤患者中,病史2．6～9．7个月不等,19例中17例有肩背部疼痛,15例有颈部疼痛,14例有前臂疼痛,11例有手放射性疼痛,6例患者出现霍纳综合征;疼痛程度（VAS法）4～7分不等。19例中16例曾误诊,其中误诊为肩周炎9例,颈椎病4例,颈肩综合症3例。有5例常规X线胸片检查未见明显异常,摄前弓位片显示肺尖软组织密度影。C T均显示一侧肺尖部软组织密度增高影,其中有17例患者肿瘤累及到肋骨,15例患者累及到T 1或T 2椎体,11例患者锁骨下动脉受累,13例患者锁骨下静脉受累,10例患者肿瘤同时累及到T1和第一肋骨,7例患者锁骨下动脉及锁骨下静脉同时受累。结论肩背部疼痛是肺上沟瘤最常见的首发症状,肺上沟瘤容易误诊,发现时多为中晚期,前弓位X线胸片及多层螺旋CT （应用多平面重建技术）对肺上沟瘤的诊断有很大的价值,对临床诊断及治疗具有重要意义。     

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in symptomatic bone stress of the pelvis and the lower extremity

Purpose: To assess the value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in bone stress of the pelvis and the lower extremity.Material and Methods: Thirty patients (37 reactions; aged 17-25 years, mean 20.5 years) with MR findings of 37 bone stress reactions were examined using dynamic gadolinium contrast enhancement. The enhancement was evaluated with time-intensity curves. The highest slope and maximum enhancement values were calculated and compared with the different precontrast MR imaging signs of bone stress reactions.Results: There was a significant difference in the highest slope values between the site of the bone stress reaction and the reference points. In 24 of the 37 reactions the dynamic contrast enhancement was regarded as positive. A fracture line, callus, and muscle edema were the MR imaging signs which had a significant correlation to the dynamic contrast enhancement. Neither periosteal nor marrow changes showed any significant correlation. A new MR grading system for bone stress reactions could be assessed.Conclusion: Increased tissue perfusion could be seen if precontrast MR imaging revealed callus, fracture line or muscle edema surrounding the bone stress reaction.     

消化道类癌的影像学诊断

目的:探讨消化道类癌的影像表现特点。方法:总结13例影像学检查资料完整并经手术病理证实的消化道类癌病例,检查方法包括消化道造影、CT和MRI检查。结果:13例肿瘤位于胃2例、十二指肠4例、阑尾1例、直肠6例。肿瘤直径小于2cm者8例,大于2cm者5例,最大者直径8cm。影像表现特点包括腔内占位病变、管腔变窄、管壁僵硬等。结论:消化道类癌在影像上的表现因缺少特异性而使得定性诊断困难,影像检查的目的是发现病灶、做出定位诊断、发现有无转移等异常,最后诊断仍需结合其它临床检查资料和病理检查。     

卵巢少见原发性肿瘤的MR表现

目的探讨卵巢少见原发性肿瘤的MR表现及特征,并与病理学对照,以提高对该类疾病的诊断及鉴别诊断能力。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例卵巢少见原发性肿瘤的MR表现并复习相关文献。结果卵巢淋巴瘤1例,表现双侧附件区T1WI等信号T2WI稍高信号软组织肿块影,信号均匀,边缘光滑。无性细胞瘤2例,表现为盆腔巨大实性软组织肿块影,呈T1WI等、低信号,T2WI呈等-稍高信号,中心可见少量囊变坏死区。卵巢wolffian管瘤1例,表现为不规则浅分叶状软组织肿块影,边界清晰,呈T1WI等略低信号T2WI等、高信号影。卵巢Brener瘤1例,盆腔内软组织肿块影,呈T1WI等信号T2WI略低信号,病灶中心可见斑片状T1WI低信号T2WI低信号提示钙化灶。CT平扫表现为类圆形实性肿块,边界清晰,瘤体内见不规则斑片状钙化。硬化性间质瘤1例,表现为盆腔内巨大软组织肿块影,呈T1WI高低混杂信号T2WI高低混杂信号影。结论 MRI对卵巢少见原发肿瘤的定位以及定性有着无可替代的优势,是目前最为可靠的术前检查手段,能充分显示病变与周围组织的关系,但最后确诊仍须结合临床及完整的病理资料分析。     

MR imaging of primary malignant lymphoma in the larynx

We present MR findings in a patient with primary laryngeal lymphoma. The MR images showed a homogeneous mass in the right supraglottic larynx extending to the true vocal cord through the paraglottic space, of which signal intensity was intermediate both on T1- and T2-weighted images. The tumor was moderately enhanced and preserved mucosal layers were demonstrated as hyperintense bands on gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted images. Primary laryngeal lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosis for a homogeneous solid mass in the supraglottic submucosal area. Received: 18 April 2000 Revised: 11 July 2000 Accepted: 13 July 2000