人工髋关节置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折

【目的】探讨使用人工股骨头或全髋置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的疗效。【方法】回顾2003年6月至2008年12月66例80岁以上股骨颈骨折患者行人3-股骨头或全髋置换术的临床资料。【结果】66例患者患者平均住院15．6d,45例经6个月至5年随访,平均随访时间为2．8年。Harris髋关节评分术后1年平均（78．6±10．3）分,术后2年平均（78．4±10．1）分。【结论】对高龄股骨颈骨折应尽早手术,人工关节置换术可避免股骨头坏死或骨折不愈合,缩短康复时间,极大提高患者的生存率和生活质量。合理的围手术期治疗是成功的关键。     

三维重建在发育性髋脱位全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的 评价三维重建在发育性髋脱位(DDH)全髋关节置换中的价值.方法 对12例12髋DDH患者行薄层CT扫描及三维重建,测量相关特征参数,所有病例均采用全髋关节置换术.结果 术中所见与三维重建图像非常相似,所有病例三维重建图像均可见髋臼及股骨近端发育异常.患侧髋臼均存在不同程度骨缺损,髋臼较健侧变小、变浅,股骨前倾角明显增大.12例患者均获得了良好的假体植入位置,患髋关节功能得到了显著改善.结论 三维重建模型能全面、直观、精确地显示髋关节的立体形态和各部位解剖结构的空间关系,对于DDH的诊断、分型及治疗均有很强的临床指导作用.     

人工全髋关节置换患者的康复护理

2000-01～2004-10我科行人工全髋关节置换术126例，护理体会如下。     

人工髋关节置换16例的护理

目的探讨人工髋关节置换术的最佳护理程序。方法对16例制定人工髋关节置换术围手术期的护理。结果术后随访时间为1～10 d,16例患肢人工髋关节功能恢复良好,无一例患者发生髋关节脱位和感染等并发症。结论做好患者术前的准备,术后严密观察病情,患肢保持外展中立位,鼓励患者进行患肢的功能锻炼,使患者人工髋关节获得良好的功能。     

人工髋关节置换23例围手术期的护理

我科2007-01-2009-12共行髋关节置换23例,通过对患者系统的术后护理和康复训练指导,效果满意。现将护理护理体会报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组男9例,女14例,年龄46~90(平均66.6)岁,住院时间10~38(平均23.9)d。其中股骨颈骨折14例,股骨头无菌坏死5例,强直性脊椎炎4例。1.2护理方法1.2.1术前护理1.2.1.1心理护理手术对于患者来说不仅是心理性,而且     

无柄人工全髋关节置换22例分析

目的 总结无柄人工全髋关节置换术经验,探讨无柄人工全髋关节置换术的疗效.方法 对22例股骨头缺血性坏死、股骨颈骨折及髋发育不良并骨关节炎的患者,行无柄人工全髋关节置换术,并对其手术操作要领及疗效等进行分析.结果 22例患者术后关节功能和生活质量均明显改善.结论 无柄人工全髋关节置换术是治疗髋部疾患的有效方法.     

多层螺旋CT三维重建在髋关节疾病及人工关节置换中的临床应用

检索Pubmed数据库和中国期刊全文数据库文献,总结多层螺旋CT三维重建在髋关节疾病及人工关节置换中的临床应用研究进展。多层螺旋CT具有多排探测器,每周扫描可获得多层断层图像。利用多层螺旋CT图像工作站的后处理功能对原始数据用多种方式重建,具有扫描速度快、覆盖范围广、重建图像质量高、重建图像快等特点,并可获得各向同性的任意切面重建图像。可从不同的角度、不同的平面进行观察发现病变,同时可利用相对层面的方法结合轴位图像对可疑病变的部位进行观察。螺旋CT及其多平面重建和三维重建技术在髋关节形态显示及测量、人工关节置换、髋关节创伤骨折等方面将发挥较大作用。计算机技术及CT技术的进展及软骨成像技术的突破,将促使人们更加充分了解生理状态下的人体形态。     

人工全髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折疗效观察

【目的】探讨人工全髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。【方法】回顾性分析63例（63髋）老年股骨颈骨折患者行人工全髋关节置换术的临床资料及其疗效。【结果】63例患者平均手术时间96min,平均输血量为380ml,平均住院时间19d,住院期间无局部及全身并发症出现。所有患者术后均获得16～53个月随访,平均36．6个月。术后12个月Harris评分为82～96分,平均89．7分,其中优45例,良14例,可3例,差1例。优良率93．7％。术后1年左右5例患者出现不同程度髋关节疼痛,并发症发生率为7．9％。【结论】人工全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折可使患者早期下床活动,并发症少,关节功能恢复良好,具有较好的临床疗效．     

人工髋关节置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折16例分析

自1999年以来,我院采用人工髋关节置换或双极股骨头置换治疗高龄老年股骨颈骨折16例,效果满意,分析如下.     

计算机辅助的EBRA—FCA法分析半髋表面置换治疗股骨头缺血性坏死假体生物力学变化

背景：对于中晚期（FicatⅢ．Ⅳ期）股骨头缺血性坏死且髋臼基本完好的患者，单纯股骨头表面置换是一种较好的治疗方法。股骨假体位置、下沉影响全髋关节置换术的治疗效果．但假体位置、下沉对半髋表面置换术疗效的影响尚需进一步研究。 目的：观察钻铬合金半髋表面置换对中晚期（FicatⅢ，Ⅳ期）股骨头缺血性坏死且髋臼基本完好患者髋关节功能的影响．并分析疗效与股骨假体柄干角、下沉的关系．评估计算机辅助X射平片分析对假体失败的预测价值. 设计：病例分析. 单位：广西医科大学第一附属医院脊柱骨病科。 对象：选择1997—06／2002—07广西医科大学第一附属医院脊柱骨病科收治的中晚期（FicatⅢ，Ⅳ期）股骨头缺血性坏死行半髋表面置换患者41例（48髋），患者手术时的年龄29-49岁，平均（37±9）岁，其中男30例．女11例：其中FloatⅢ期35髋．FicatⅣ期13髋．髋臼均相对正常。所有患者病变部位病理检查均为股骨头缺血性坏死；且均签署知情同意书. 方法：①于术前和随访时采用UCLA（University of California Los Angeles）髋关节功能评分标准对患者手术前后疼痛、步行、功能、活动进行评分，每一项记分为1～10分．10分为最佳。优．35～40分．好29～34分，一般22-28分．差〈22分。术后评分为随访时评分平均值。②运用计算机辅助的EBRA—FCA法，在术后骨盆的X射线平片上测量股骨假体的柄干角、下沉．并对半髋表面置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效与股骨假体的柄干角、下沉的关系进行分析。③采用复诊的方式进行随访，于术后2个月开始第1次随访．每年随访1次，共随访8年。④两组样本间均数比较采用独立样本t检验（并做方差齐性检验）。在对临床结果的析因分析（post hoc analysis）基础上，比值比（odds ratio）分析用来确定假     

全髋关节置换术后感染的治疗方法

目的探讨全髋关节置换术后感染的治疗方法。方法分析我院2005年2月—2011年3月收治的10例全髋关节置换术后感染病人的临床资料。治疗方法包括保留假体清创5例,其中3例失败后改行二期翻修术;行二期翻修术7例;行一期翻修术1例。结果术后平均随访23.1个月,未见感染复发。10例病人术前髋关节Harris评分为（50.70±6.39）分,术后为（68.10±12.18）分,手术前后比较差异有显著性（t=4.00,P〈0.01）。结论全髋关节置换术后感染治疗困难,保留假体清创术应把握适应证并慎重选择,二期翻修术治疗具有控制感染率高、安全性高的优点,临床效果理想。     

Looking Upstream: Factors Shaping the Demand for Postacute Joint Replacement Rehabilitation

Tian W, DeJong G, Brown M, Hsieh C-H, Zamfirov ZP, Horn SD. Looking upstream: factors shaping the demand for postacute joint replacement rehabilitation.Since 1993, the numbers of hip and knee replacements in the United States have increased 2-fold to 3-fold while lengths of stay in acute care have decreased by about half, leading to a significant growth in the use of postacute rehabilitative care for patients with a joint replacement. To document these trends, this article uses secondary analysis of acute hospital discharge survey data and evaluates projections to 2030. This article uses a market approach to identify 3 sets of factors that influence the use of joint replacements: (1) increasing patient demand, (2) increasing supply of practitioners, and (3) the role of fiscal intermediaries. The article reviews underlying epidemiologic trends, growing numbers of orthopedic surgeons performing the procedure, technologic innovations, changing indications for the procedure, changing payer mix, and the effects of payer attempts to contain joint replacement costs. An unintended effect of Medicare payment policy has been to shift costs from acute care to downstream postacute care. Medicare and private health plan reimbursement policies need to take into account this broader perspective and not examine joint replacement care and payment in isolated care settings. Future research and health policy needs to consider the interdependent features of the health care system by linking changes in postacute care with upstream changes both in society at large and in the organization, delivery, and financing of acute care associated with joint replacement.     

Joint Replacement Rehabilitation Outcomes on Discharge From Skilled Nursing Facilities and Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities

DeJong G, Horn SD, Smout RJ, Tian W, Putman K, Gassaway J. Joint replacement rehabilitation outcomes on discharge from skilled nursing facilities and inpatient rehabilitation facilities.

Objective

To compare functional outcomes at discharge across postacute settings.

Design

Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting

Eleven inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs), 8 freestanding skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), and 1 hospital-based SNF from across the United States.

Participants

Consecutively enrolled patients (N=2152): patients with knee replacement (n=1401) and patients with hip replacement (n=751).

Interventions

None; examination of existing practice patterns.

Main Outcome Measure

FIM discharge motor score.

Results

Freestanding SNF patients entered with higher motor FIM scores and left with higher scores than did IRF patients. IRF patients, however, achieved larger motor FIM gains and achieved them in a shorter time. In multivariate models controlling for patient differences and onset days, IRFs were associated with better discharge motor outcomes, but the overall setting effect was not large. The largest motor FIM differences were between medium-volume IRFs and low-volume freestanding SNFs: 4.6 motor FIM points for patients with knee replacement and 7.3 motor FIM points for patients with hip replacement. Other differences between settings were much smaller. Multivariate models explained between a third and a half of the variance in outcome.

Conclusions

As a group, IRFs had better motor FIM outcomes than did SNFs, but the size of the IRF advantage was not large. Other important facility and practice characteristics also were associated with discharge outcomes after joint replacement rehabilitation. Earlier and more intensive rehabilitation was associated with better outcomes. The volume of joint replacement patients seen by a facility also plays a part: medium-volume facilities among both SNFs and IRFs had better outcomes.     

Recovery of gait after short-stay total hip arthroplasty

OBJECTIVE: To describe recovery of gait after total hip arthroplasty (THA) based on the assessment of spatiotemporal gait parameters determined with an ambulatory system. DESIGN: A 6-month inception cohort study. SETTING: Inpatient and outpatient setting in an academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-three patients participating in a short-stay program for THA. INTERVENTION: Primary unilateral THA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Walking speed, step length, step duration, and variability coefficient assessed at different walking speeds while performing an additional cognitive task and an endurance test. All measures were obtained preoperatively and 6 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Patients improved significantly over time; however, extent and speed of recovery of gait parameters differed for each test part. The relation between walking speed and step length showed systematic improvement when analyzed over a range of speeds. At 6 months, the variability coefficient of the additional task test part was comparable with the preferred walking variability coefficient. The endurance test results could be predicted from the results of preferred walking. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of recovery of gait function requires more than only assessment of "normal" walking. Particularly, an analysis of walking at different speeds and walking while performing an additional cognitive task demonstrate different aspects of gait recovery after THA.     

Biofeedback Training for Partial Weight Bearing in Patients After Total Hip Arthroplasty

Pataky Z, De León Rodriguez D, Golay A, Assal M, Assal J-P, Hauert C-A. Biofeedback training for partial weight bearing in patients after total hip arthroplasty.

Objective

To evaluate a new biofeedback training method based on visual delivery of information in patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Design

Intervention study with prepost design.

Setting

Hospitalized care in a university referral center.

Participants

Patients (N=11) (age 56.1±9.0y) shortly after THA.

Intervention

A mobile system has been used for biofeedback training with the predefined partial weight bearing (PWB) threshold of 20kg. After the learning period, 4 retention tests, consisting of 3 successive walking cycles without feedback, were recorded for each patient: (1) acquisition test, (2) early retention test (after 30min), (3) the day after, and (4) after 2 days.

Main Outcome Measure

The pressure error and the maximum pressure force at each step before and after biofeedback training.

Results

A significant difference of pressure errors between the beginning and the end of the learning period has been measured (42.5±22.5N vs 3.7±11.4N, P<.001). However, there was no difference between the beginning of the learning period and different retention tests (after 30 minutes, after 1 day, after 2 days). In terms of maximal pressure force, there was a difference between the beginning and the end of learning (251N vs 195N, P<.05). The retention tests did not show significant differences compared with the baseline values.

Conclusions

THA patients were able to use the defined PWB during a short period of time and shortly after stopping the training; both the pressure errors and the maximal pressure force attended the values before training. These results confirm the difficulties to achieve PWB in patients after THA.     

滑膜切除对全膝关节置换治疗骨性关节炎的影响

目的探讨全膝关节置换术（TKR）治疗骨性关节炎时同时行滑膜切除术对术后失血及临床结果的影响。方法选取符合骨性关节炎诊断标准并拟行单侧TKR的病人374例,随机分为两组,观察组192例,TKR时切除滑膜;对照组182例,TKR时保留滑膜。测定并比较两组术后引流量、输血率,计算隐性失血量;采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）和膝关节协会临床评分及功能评分（KSS）比较两组治疗效果。结果术前两组病人各项指标差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。术后24h引流量、隐性失血量观察组明显高于对照组,差异有显著性（t=2.137、2.238,P〈0.05）,两组输血率差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。两组术后24h、3d及4周VAS差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。两组术后4周、12个月KSS差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。术后12、24个月时两组KSS、浮髌试验阳性率差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论 TKR治疗骨性关节炎同时切除滑膜会增加术后出血,但对远期临床结果无明显影响。     

髋关节翻修术中冰冻病理切片与99Tcm三相同位素骨扫描共用诊断髋关节假体周围感染

背景：常规血清学、影像学和实验室诊断方法诊断假体周围感染难以达到理想的灵敏度、特异度和准确性。尤其对于假体置换后晚期假体低毒性感染性松动和无菌性松动之间的鉴别诊断还缺乏普遍接受的诊断标准。术前、术中和术后多种诊断方法的联合运用对于明确感染诊断和制定手术翻修策略有重要的临床意义。目的：通过初次髋关节置换后翻修术前和术中联合运用99Tcm三相同位素骨扫描和冰冻病理切片多形核白细胞计数方法诊断髋关节假体周围感染,并与常规诊断手段相比较。方法：2008年4月至2013年5月共收治44例髋关节置换后翻修病例,结合临床症状和血清学检查指标,18例患者血沉和C-反应蛋白增高诊断为临床怀疑感染病例组;26例血清学指标正常诊断为临床怀疑无菌性松动病例组。所有患者翻修前进行99Tcm三相同位素骨扫描检查,同时结合翻修手术过程中组织冰冻病理切片结果。如两项结果均为阴性,诊断为假体无菌性松动,行一期翻修手术;反之则诊断为假体周围感染,行二期手术翻修。通过术后临床随访血清学指标及手术疗效,采用受试者工作曲线的统计学方法评估联合运用99Tcm三相同位素骨扫描和组织冰冻病理切片的诊断价值。结果与结论：18例临床感染病例组中16例患者术前99Tcm三相同位素骨扫描结果和术中冰冻病理结果均为阳性,诊断为感染,二期翻修;2例结果均阴性,排除感染,一期翻修。26例松动病例组中,25例术前99Tcm三相同位素骨扫描结果和术中冰冻病理结果阴性,诊断为无菌性松动,一期翻修;1例患者术后病原菌微生物学培养送检3个标本中1个标本培养出金黄色葡萄球菌,诊断为假体周围感染,仍采取一期翻修。增加99Tcm三相同位素骨扫描和冰冻病理切片多形核白细胞计数的方法后,工作特征曲线面?     

治疗性抚触缓解老年全髋关节置换术后患者疼痛的效果

目的评价治疗性抚触在老年全髋关节置换术后疼痛控制中的效果。方法将2006—2008年收治的股骨颈骨折后行全髋关节置换术的老年患者71例随机分为观察组36例和对照组35例,对照组采用常规镇痛方法（盐酸哌替啶）,观察组采用治疗性抚触进行护理,无效时加用盐酸哌替啶。比较两组患者镇痛前后的疼痛评分、睡眠质量、医嘱依从性,术后3d内盐酸哌替啶使用次数和使用量。结果与对照组相比,观察组疼痛明显减轻[（1．76±1．08）分比（2．94±1．23）分],睡眠质量优于对照组[（2．25±0．67）分比（1．36±1．23）分],医嘱依从性好于对照组[（2．42±0．66）分比（1．56±0．58）分],差异均有统计学意义（t分别为4．299,3．801,5．826;P〈0．01）。观察组术后3d内盐酸哌替啶使用次数（6次比98次）和量（300mg比4900mg）均较对照组明显减少,差异均有统计学意义（x2=32．28,P〈0．05;U=236．00,P〈0．01）。结论治疗性抚触有助于老年全髋关节置换术后的疼痛控制,能改善患者睡眠质量,增强其医嘱依从性,并可明显减少镇痛剂的使用量。     

陶瓷-陶瓷假体摩擦界面的人工全髋关节中期临床疗效随访研究

目的 随访观察陶瓷-陶瓷摩擦界面的人工全髋关节对于初次接受全髋关节置换术患者的中期临床疗效.方法 对我院2005 ～ 2009年间采用陶瓷-陶瓷摩擦界面的假体实施人工全髋关节置换术的53例患者进行随访,Harris评分评估术后髋关节功能状态,通过SF-36健康量表了解生活质量,通过骨盆X线观察假体周围骨溶解状况.结果 有效随访38例患者共49髋,平均随访（52.5 ±17.3）个月（36 ～ 85个月）.患者髋关节功能Harris评分从术前的（50.9±11.4）分（10～ 73分）提升为（92.9±6.6）分（67 ～ 100分）（P＜0.05）,SF-36量表术后各维度的评分均高于术前（P＜0.01）.除1例患者术后1年出现股骨假体松动行人工髋关节翻修术、2例患者出现非典型性髋关节异响外,其他患者关节功能良好.结论 陶瓷-陶瓷摩擦界面的假体可为初次接受人工关节置换手术的患者提供满意的中期临床疗效和较高的假体中期生存率.     

连续髂筋膜阻滞和硬膜外阻滞下行全髋置换后镇痛的比较

背景：硬膜外持续镇痛曾被认为是下肢术后镇痛的金标准,其效果确切,全身不良反应较少,临床上普遍采用。但此法有低血压及尿潴留等不良反应,且患者在术后常规需应用低分子肝素抗凝,有增加硬膜外血肿的可能性,限制了硬膜外镇痛的临床使用。目前超声引导下连续髂筋膜腔隙阻滞技术的相关研究报道甚少。 目的：评价连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞和连续硬膜外阻滞两种不同镇痛方法对全髋关节置换后镇痛效果和关节功能恢复的影响。 方法：将60例择期行全髋关节置换患者分为2组：连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞组和连续硬膜外镇痛组（n=30）。两组患者在全身麻醉诱导前均接受预注量,连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞组经髂筋膜间隙注入0.25%罗哌卡因30 mL,连续硬膜外阻滞组经硬膜外导管注入0.20%罗哌卡因10 mL,均留置导管。待镇痛效果明确后,全麻插管。术毕两组分别经髂筋膜间隙、硬膜外连接镇痛泵持续给药,未使用术后自控镇痛单次给药。若疼痛难以忍受时,视其疼痛程度,予补救镇痛（帕瑞昔布20-40 mg/次）。记录目测类比评分、帕瑞昔布补救剂量、麻醉并发症、髋关节Harris评分、下床时间和住院时间。 结果与结论：目测类比评分、额外追加的镇痛药量、Harris 评分、住院日两组无明显差别。但是下床时间连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞组早于连续硬膜外阻滞组,而且连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞组并发症明显低于连续硬膜外阻滞组。提示全髋关节置换后,两种镇痛方式均可提供满意的术后镇痛效果,髋关节功能可得到良好的恢复;但连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞并发症少且有利于患者早期下床活动,对于髋关节置换后镇痛是更好的选择。