肝硬化门静脉系统血流动力学改变的临床意义

目的：观察肝硬化门静脉系统血流动力学改变及其与食道静脉曲张程度、食道静脉曲张出血及肝功能分级的关系。方法：应用彩色多普勒超声检查比较60例肝硬化失代偿期患者和25例正常人的门脉血流动力学参数。结果：肝硬化患者门静脉、脾静脉直径增宽，血流速度下降，血流量增加，与对照组差异显著。各参数与食道静脉曲张程度无关。肝硬化出血组脾静脉血流动力学参数及脾静脉血流量／门静脉血流量比值较无出血组显著增高。Clild-Puph C级组患者门静脉流速及流量明显低于A级组、B级组。结论：肝硬化门脉血流动力学改变不能用于判断食道静脉曲张程度，但脾静脉内径、流速、流量及脾静脉血流量／门静脉血流量比值对预测食道静脉曲张出血有重要意义。门静脉流速、流量可反映肝功能损害情况。     

内镜下食道胃底静脉曲张与CT下食道胃底静脉曲张的关系

目的 研究内镜下食道静脉曲张分级与CT下食道静脉曲张之间的关系.方法 选择80位肝硬化患者,所有患者均接受胃镜及食道CT检查,测量CT图像下食管腔内曲张食道静脉直径.结果 不同食道曲张静脉组CT图像下食道静脉曲张程度有显著差异(P<0.05).食道静脉曲张程度加重和CT图像下食道曲张静脉直径成正相关(r=0.8031,P<0.01).结论 食道CT能够评估肝硬化患者食道静脉曲张严重程度,对于需要了解食道静脉曲张程度而又不适于做胃镜的患者,此方法提供了一种新的途径了解食道静脉曲张程度.     

肝硬化门静脉超声检测与食道静脉曲张程度及上消化道出血间的关系探讨

目的探讨肝硬化患者门静脉超声检测与食道静脉曲张程度及上消化道出血间的关系。方法对50例患者使用美国terason HD2000型彩色多普勒诊断仪,探头频率为3.5～5.0MHz,检测后进行分析。结果门静脉直径与食道静脉曲张程度呈高度正相关;食道静脉曲张程度越重,其破裂出血的可能性越大,两者间呈显著正相关;门静脉直径越宽,合并食道静脉曲张破裂出血的百分率越高,两者呈高度正相关。结论门静脉超声测定,可提示门静脉直径大小,可作为预测合并上消化道出血可能性大小的有价值的指标。     

彩色多普勒超声显像对肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血的预测价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声显像在预测肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血中的应用价值。方法选取我院收治的肝硬化患者70例作为研究对象,取同期入院体检正常者30例作为正常组,均行彩色多普勒超声检查,评估食管静脉内径及血流速度,观察血流流向。结果食管静脉曲张组与无食管静脉曲张组Dpv、Dsv较正常组宽,Vpv、Vsv较正常组慢,差异有显著统计学意义(P0.05);食管静脉曲张组与无食管静脉曲张组间差异显著,均具有统计学意义(P0.05);轻-中度组Dpv、Dsv分别为(1.49±0.10)cm、(0.95±0.53)cm较重度窄低,Vpv、Vsv分别为(13.03±1.26)cm/s、(10.71±1.28)cm/s较重度组慢,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);轻-中度组血流离肝率为61.29%较对重度组的100.0%低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论彩色多普勒超声能够反映脾静脉和门静脉血流动力学,在预测肝硬化食管静脉曲张中具有较高的应用价值。     

超声检查对肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血的血流动力学研究

目的:研究彩色多普勒超声技术在静脉肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者中的血流动力学变化。方法:将78例肝硬化患者根据患者是否有食管静脉曲张破裂出血分为两组,每组39例,对照组食管静脉曲张未破裂出血,研究组食管静脉曲张破裂出血,两组患者均采用彩色多普勒超声测量门静脉、脾静脉和胃左静脉内径、平均血流速度、血流量及方向,比较两组患者血流动力学差异。结果:研究组患者血管内径、血流流速、血流量,显著低于对照组(P<0.05);胃左静脉血流方向在EBV阳性为离肝性者为92.3%(36/39),显著高于EBV阴性者(23.1%(9/39);EBV阳性患者胃左静脉血流方向为离肝者与EBV阴性患者相比有显著性差异(P<0.05);入选患者胃左静脉离肝血流方法进行预测灵敏度为92.3%,特异度为75.7%,准确度为84.2%;而以胃左静脉离肝血流流速(≥16cm/s)预测患者出血的灵敏度、特异度和准确度分为达到71.8%、91.9%以及81.6%。结论:采用彩色多普勒超声检查,可预测肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂患者的食管静脉曲张出血。     

彩色多谱勒超声在门脉高压食道胃底静脉曲张的临床应 用简

目的 探讨应用彩色多普勒超声判断门静脉高压食道胃底静脉曲张（EGV）的临床应用价值.方法 选取南京明基医院超声科消化内科2011年1月～2012年12月确诊肝硬化门脉高压患者60例,分为轻度组（18例）、中度组（13例）、重度组（29例）;选择正常组20例.通过彩色多普勒超声测量脾长径（SL）、脾厚径（ST）、门静脉内径及血流速度、脾静脉宽度（SV）、门静脉宽度（PV）,并进行分析脾脏指数（SI）、门静脉充血分数（CI）、PV/SV值.结果 轻、中、重度组CI值分别为（0.077±0.021）、（0.093 ±0.008）、（0.134±0.024）,SI值分别为（69.21±13.74）、（77.81±14.32）、（91.37±16.52）cm2,PV/SV值分别为（1.33±0.14）、（1.29±0.07）、（1.17±0.31）,分别与正常组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.SI来判断食道胃底静脉曲张的敏感性为67.3％,特异性为95.4％;门静脉充血分数CI的敏感性为95.1％,特异性为77.5％;PV/SV值的敏感性为58.9％,特异性为71.7％.结论 通过彩色多普勒超声测量SI、CI、PV/SV值来判断EGV敏感性好,特异性高,是一种非侵入性检查门脉高压食道胃底静脉曲张方法,值得临床推广使用.     

肝硬化门静脉高压并发症对肝硬化患者预后的影响分析

目的:研究门静脉高压并发症对肝硬化患者预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析86例肝硬化门静脉高压并发症患者的临床资料,并应用Kaplan-Meier生存分析法分析肝硬化患者生存率和并发症对患者预后的影响。结果:自发性腹膜炎、食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血、肝性脑病、肝肾综合征Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型以及大量腹水均对患者的中位生存时间产生显著的影响(P<0.01)。结论:门静脉高压多种并发症对肝硬化失代偿期患者的预后会造成显著的影响,其中危险程度最大的为肝性脑病,其次为肝肾综合征Ⅰ型。     

彩色多普勒超声检测肝硬化患者门静脉血流动力学的研究

目的应用彩色多普勒超声检测肝硬化患者门静脉血流动力学变化。方法选取武警总医院2010年1月至2011年12月收治的50例肝硬化患者为肝硬化组,并选取同期来进行健康体检者50例为正常对照组,采取彩色多普勒超声检测患者的门静脉内径(Dpv)、门静脉血流速度(Vpv)、门静脉血流量(Qpv)。并且对不同肝功能Child-pugh分级与检测结果进行相关性分析。结果通过对Dpv、Qpv及Vpv的检测,肝硬化组分别为(14.4±1.2)cm、(1123.3±175.5)mL/min、(11.4±1.3)cm/s;正常对照组分别为(10.3±1.0)cm、(1023.4±212.6)mL/min、(19.8±3.5)cm/s。肝硬化组的Dpv和Qpv值显著地高于正常对照组;肝硬化组Vpv值显著地低于正常对照组(P<0.05)。肝功能Child-pugh分级与Dpv、Qpv及Vpv值结果显示:A级患者分别为(12.4±1.6)cm、(1064.2±200.5)mL/min、(16.8±2.4)cm/s;B级患者分别为(14.6±1.3)cm、(1123.4±211.8)mL/min、(12.4±1.5)cm/s;C级患者分别为(16.3±1.5)cm、(1180.5±221.8)mL/min、(10.5±1.1)cm/s。不同肝功能Child-pugh分级与Dpv、Qpv均呈正相关(r=6.231,P<0.05),与Dpv、Qpv均呈负相关(r=-2.424,P<0.05)。结论临床中检测门静脉血流动力学的变化情况能够有效地判断肝硬化患者的病情程度,也能够判断肝硬化患者是否发生门静脉高压的情况,彩色多普勒超声检测属于无创、操作简单、可重复操作,在临床中具有重要的应用价值。     

彩超测定肝硬化门脉高压症肝血管指数的价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声检查肝血管指数(LVI)在肝硬化门脉高压症诊断中的应用价值。方法:对明确诊断的45例肝硬化门脉高压症患者和30例正常人,分别经彩色多普勒超声检测门静脉流速(PVV)、肝动脉搏动指数(HA-PI),并计算肝血管指数(LVI)。结果:肝硬化组的LVI比正常组明显降低,分别为7.877±2.657和22.163±4.487(P<0.001)。结论:彩色多普勒超声检测LVI可作为肝硬化诊断的重要参数之一。     

彩超下肝硬化门脉血流动力学改变与食管静脉曲张破裂出血的关系研究

目的探讨肝硬化时门脉血流动力学改变与食管静脉曲张破裂出血(EVB)的关系,寻求预测EVB的方法。方法用彩色多普勒超声测定正常人(A组)、肝硬化-无食管静脉曲张(B组)、肝硬化-食管静脉曲张无出血(C组)和肝硬化-食管静脉曲张合并出血(D组)4组,患者门静脉血管内径、血流速度、血流量3个血流动力学参数,对4组数据进行对比分析。结果与A组正常人比较,肝硬化3组患者门静脉内径明显增宽(P<0.01),血流量明显增加(P<0.05),血流速度明显减慢(P<0.01)。D组与B、C组相比,门静脉血流速度有显著性增加(P<0.05)。结论门静脉血流速度减慢与EVB的发生有关,动态监测门静脉血流速度的变化可望成为预测EVB发生的有效手段。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.