婴幼儿肠套叠的MSCT诊断

目的总结婴幼儿肠套叠的MSCT表现,并分析其诊断价值。方法回顾分析本院经临床证实的98例婴幼儿肠套叠的MSCT表现。结果 98例经MSCT诊断肠套叠的病例均经临床证实,诊断准确率100%。4例经MSCT诊断有空气灌肠整复禁忌症,均行手术治疗;94例患儿行空气灌肠整复,79例整复成功（整复率84.0%）。结论 MSCT对婴幼儿肠套叠的诊断率准确高,对临床选择肠套叠复位方式具有重要指导意义。     

小儿肠套叠空气灌肠诊疗体会

目的：小儿肠套叠空气灌肠诊疗的体会和应用价值。方法：2000年1月-2005年12月本院对126例临床诊断肠套叠的患儿进行空气灌肠诊断与整复，整复未成功者行外科手术。结果：空气灌肠整复成功112例，整复成功率88．9％，其中14例复位失败后改行手术治疗。结论：小儿急性肠套叠只要符合适应症并无其他并发症；空气灌肠为小儿急性肠套叠首选且经济的治疗方法。     

29例小儿急性肠套叠空气灌肠整复治疗分析

目的：探讨婴幼儿肠套叠空气灌肠整复的疗效。方法：29例肠套叠患儿，在X线透视机下，用CTB201型自动遥控灌肠器行空气灌肠（压力8.0-16.0KPa）进行整复术。结果：29例患者行空气灌肠后均明确诊断，其中20例为回一结肠型肠套叠，5例为结-结肠型，4例为回-回结肠型。结论：空气灌肠是治疗小儿肠套叠首选的安全、方便的方法。灌肠前注射解痉药物效果更佳。     

提高小儿肠套叠空气灌肠整复成功率及预防并发症的探讨

目的:提高小儿急性肠套叠空气灌肠整复成功率及预防并发症。方法:对268例临床诊断为急性肠套叠患儿进行空气灌肠整复。结果:空气灌肠整复成功252例(94%),其中24例经2次整复成功,2例在术前麻醉后第三次整复成功,失败16例。结论:空气灌肠是诊断与治疗小儿肠套叠的最好方法,不仅能有效地提高整复成功率,还能避免并发症的发生。     

婴幼儿肠套叠空气灌肠治疗体会

急性肠套叠是婴幼儿最常见的急腹症之一，好发于春夏季节，常见于2岁以下的婴幼儿，采用空气灌肠来诊断和治疗肠套叠为最有效的首选的非手术疗法，其操作简便，复位迅速，安全可靠，整复成功率可达90％以上。本文回顾性分析我院237例婴幼儿肠套叠用空气灌肠来诊断和治疗的操作方法，探讨整复成功的因素，指导将来的诊断和治疗。     

婴幼儿肠套叠空气整复未成功的分析及提高成功率的探讨

目的：提高婴幼儿急性肠套叠空气灌肠整复成功率。方法：搜集近十年经空气灌肠未能成功整复的婴幼儿肠套叠68例，均经手术治疗，回顾性分析其主要临床、X线表现及手术所见。结果：整复失败的原因包括肠坏死(22例)、复杂型肠套叠(36例)、套叠肠管嵌顿(2例)、伴有消化道器质性病变(9例)，对肠坏死的评估有误，操作者的经验不足。结论：操作者的经验及手法不足、病情复杂是整复失败的原因。气囊控压、手法按摩等辅助手段的改进和应用，对病情的综合评估及套鞘松弛等征象的正确判断，能明显提高整复率，减少肠穿孔等并发症的产生。     

11例小儿肠套叠空气灌肠整复体会

肠套叠是婴幼儿较常见的急腹症，其发病率高，以6-10个月婴幼儿最为常见。X射线检查对肠梗阻的诊断与治疗具有重要意义。肠套叠的整复为钡剂灌肠和空气灌肠整复两种，其中空气灌肠简单易行，效果极佳，且安全，清洁。现将我们的整复体会报告如下：     

针灸配合空气灌肠整复小儿肠套叠的研究

目的:探讨针灸配合空气灌肠在整复小儿肠套叠中的价值。方法:取足三里、合谷、天枢、中脘、关元等穴位,毫针直刺,深度0.5-1寸,用泻法,配合空气灌肠治疗小儿肠套叠。结果:32例肠套叠针灸配合空气灌肠复位成功31例,占96.8％。结论:针灸结合空气灌肠提高了肠套叠的整复率,是小儿肠套叠诊断、治疗的首选方法。     

小儿肠套叠的影像学分析

目的 探讨临床影像学诊断方法在婴幼儿肠套叠的应用价值.方法 对临床50例肠套叠患儿行超声及空气灌肠X射线检查.结果 婴幼儿肠套叠临床表现为腹痛、哭闹、呕吐、果酱样血便和腹部包块等.腹部超声检查显示腹腔内"同心圆征"、"套筒征",空气灌肠X射线检查具有诊断和治疗双重功效.结论 临床可疑为肠套叠者宜先行超声筛查,空气灌肠X射线检查整复效果显著.     

山莨菪碱在小儿肠套叠空气整复中的应用

目的 探讨山莨菪碱在小儿肠套叠空气整复中的作用。方法 常规空气灌肠不能整复的患儿550例，经肌注山莨菪碱5mg，20～30min后再行试灌。结果 468例整复成功，82例未成功，其中2例穿孔，行手术治疗。结论 空气整复小儿肠套叠应用山莨菪碱是一种简易有效的方法，值得推荐。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.