葛根素对鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P450的影响

目的:观察葛根素对鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P450(CYP)的影响.方法:实验动物分别腹腔注射生理盐水、苯巴比妥(40mg/kg.d)、葛根素(100和200 mg/kg.d),给药7d后,用分光光度法测定肝微粒体CYP和细胞色素b5(Cytb5)的含量,以及苯胺羟化酶(ANH)和氨基比林N-脱甲基酶(ADM)的活性.结果:苯巴比妥和葛根素均能显著缩短戊巴比妥钠对小鼠的催眠时间,显著提高小鼠肝脏指数、CYP含量,以及大鼠CYP和Cytb5含量,且以苯巴比妥组更为显著.苯巴比妥能非常显著地提高大鼠ANH和ADM活性,葛根素仅提高ADM活性,对ANH无明显影响.结论:葛根素对小鼠和大鼠肝微粒体CYP有诱导作用,但诱导能力显著弱于苯巴比妥.     

氯胺酮多次给药对大鼠肝微粒体内细胞色素P450_2B酶的诱导作用

目的考察氯胺酮对大鼠肝微粒体内细胞色素P450_2B酶活性的影响。方法以10mg.kg-1.d-1氯胺酮灌胃给予大鼠,连续给药10d。在第11d处死大鼠,以钙离子沉淀法制备肝微粒体。采用Omura和Sato方法测定细胞色素P450含量,采用7-戊氧基试卤灵-O-去烷基反应测定细胞色素P450_2B酶的活性。结果给药组和对照组细胞色素P450的总含量分别是（0.679±0.216）nmol·mg-1和（0.398±0.109）nmol·mg-1,细胞色素P450_2B酶的活性分别是（13.40±3.15）pmol·min-1.mg-1和（7.04±2.09）pmol·min-1.mg-1。结论氯胺酮能够增加大鼠肝微粒中细胞色素P450含量,并能显著诱导细胞色素P450_2B酶的活性。     

质子泵抑制剂盘托拉唑对大鼠肝药酶中P450的影响

为探讨质子泵抑制剂(PPI)盘托拉唑(PAN)对大鼠肝药酶中药物代谢酶的影响,给试验大鼠连续7天口服不同剂量[5mg/(kg.d)、50mg/(kg.d)和300mg/(kg.d)]的PAN,而后测定大鼠肝药酶中细胞色素P450(P450)、细胞色素b5(b5)、NADPH 细胞色素C还原酶(NADPH)的含量和活性变化,以及细胞色素P450同功酶(CYP)的活性变化,并与奥美拉唑(OM)、兰索拉唑(LAN)、3-甲基胆醌(3-MC)和苯巴比妥(PB)比较.结果:口服高剂量[300 mg/(kg.d)]PAN后大鼠肝药酶中P450、b5以及NADPH的含量和活性升高,但不及PB的作用强,其中3-MC对NADPH的作用最弱,CYP 1A、CYP 2B和CYP 3A的活性也升高,且3-MC对CYP1A作用极强,PB对CYP2B和CYP3A的作用最强.三个PPI中,OM和LAN在同一条件下比PAN更易引起CYP 1A活性的升高,PAN对CYP 2B的作用强于OM和LAN.上述结果表明,PAN与OM和LAN对肝药酶中代谢酶的作用类似,但作用更弱,并提示PAN在体内代谢中具有更小的药物相互作用性.     

儿茶素对肝药酶和CCl4急性肝损伤的影响

【目的】研究儿茶素没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）对肝药酶和CCl4急性肝损伤的影响。【方法】通过测定细胞色素P450（P450）和细胞色素b5（Cyt．b5）的含量及苯胺羟化酶的活性来观察EGCG对肝药酶的作用和研究EGCG对小鼠CCl4急性肝损伤的影响。【结果】EGCG明显降低P450和Cyt．b5的含量及提高苯胺羟化酶的活性,加重CCl4引起的急性肝损伤。【结论】EGCG对多数P450亚族具有显著的抑制作用,而可能通过诱导P4502E1从而增加CCl4的肝毒性。     

1.8％AVM乳油对小鼠肝微粒体CYP450酶系与GST影响的初探

目的 观察1.8％阿维菌素(AVM)乳油对小鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P450 (CYP450)酶系与谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)的影响,初步探讨1.8％AVM在肝脏的可能的代谢过程和毒性机理.方法 40只清洁级昆明种小鼠(雌雄各半)灌胃给予1.8％AVM乳油(70、35、17.5 mg/kg),连续7d,以0.9％氯化钠溶液作对照.末次给药后处死小鼠,采用差速离心法制备大鼠肝微粒体,Brandford法测定微粒体蛋白浓度,CO还原差示光谱法检测肝微粒体CYP450含量,差示光谱法则定肝微粒体b5 (Cyt-b5)含量,紫外分光光度法则定肝微粒红霉素N-脱甲基酶活性(ERD)和氨基比林-N-脱甲基酶(ADM)和GST的活性.结果 各1.8％AVM乳油染毒剂量组ERD、ADM活性均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);各剂量组小鼠肝脏指数、CYP450与b5的含量及GST的活性与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),且不同剂量组间差异亦无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 1.8％AVM乳油可抑制小鼠肝微粒体ERD(主要反映CYP3A活性)和ADM(主要反映CYP2E1)的活力,而对CYP450和b5含量及GST活性影响小,未观察到1.8％AVM乳油对小鼠肝微粒体重要的Ⅰ相酶CYP450和Ⅱ相酶GST的诱导或抑制作用.     

海藻、甘草及其相伍用对小鼠肝药酶的影响

目的：研究海藻、甘草单煎液及其不同比例合煎，单煎后混合液以及单体A、B；C、D、E对小鼠肝药酶的影响。方法：取小鼠随机分组，分别ig给药，qd,连续4d后禁食20h，处死取肝脏，称重后制成匀浆，紫外分光光度计于450nm,490nm波长下测其光密度值，计算肝匀浆中细胞色素P－450的含量。结果：甘草、甘草与海藻合煎液及单体A，B，C，D，E均能显著提高小鼠肝匀浆中细胞色素P－450的含量，而海藻，甘草与海藻单煎后混合液未能提高小鼠肝心浆中的细胞色素P－450的含量。结论：甘草，甘草与海藻合煎液及单体，A，B，C，D，E均能显著提高小鼠肝匀浆中细胞色素P－450的含量，对肝药酶有诱导作用。     

雷诺嗪对大鼠肝微粒体蛋白质及细胞色素P450的影响

目的 研究雷诺嗪对大鼠肝重、肝微粒体蛋白质及细胞色素P450含量的影响.方法 将大鼠分成空白对照组和雷诺嗪组各8只,雷诺嗪组连续给予雷诺嗪为50 mg·kg-1·d-1,连续灌胃给药7 d后,测定大鼠的肝重、肝微粒体蛋白质及细胞色素P450含量,氨基比林-N-脱甲基酶、红霉素脱甲基转移酶和7-乙氧基-3-异吩噁唑酮脱烃酶的活性.结果 雷诺嗪灌胃7 d后,大鼠肝重、肝微粒体蛋白含量与对照组比较差异无显著性;雷诺嗪组肝微粒体细胞色素P450含量与对照组比较明显减少(P＜0.01).雷诺嗪对大鼠肝微粒体中红霉素脱甲基酶和7-乙氧基-3-异吩噁唑酮脱烃酶的活性基本无影响,对氨基比林-N-脱甲基酶有明显的抑制作用(P＜0.05).结论 雷诺嗪可能引起肝药酶对某些药物代谢的改变.     

肝药酶诱导剂对暴发性肝衰竭的影响

目的：研究肝微粒体药物代谢酶（肝药酶）诱导剂苯巴比妥（PB）和利福平（RFP）对肝药酶和肝衰竭的影响。方法：观察PB和RFP对肝药酶细胞色素P450（P450）和细胞色素b5（Cyt.b5)的含量、苯胺羟化酶活性、肝切除暴发性肝衰竭死亡率和高血氨性肝昏迷存活期的影响。结果：PB和RFP能明显提高正常肝脏和部分肝切除后再生肝P450含量和苯胺羟化酶活性。在肝切除术后5h至9d内,经PB处置的小鼠暴发性肝衰竭死亡率低于空白对照组,分别为32.1%和49.2%.存活期也明显长于空白对照组,分别为（160.7±84.1)h和（128.9±92.6)h。此外,在肝切除小鼠中,PB和RFP组NH4Cl所致的高血氨性肝昏迷存活期分别为（60.8±22.5)h和（112.9±7.2)h,也明显长于空白对照组的（44.6±.28.3)h。结论：PB和RFP能显著地诱导肝药酶,延长高血氨性肝昏迷的存活期,以及有一定的降低肝切除暴发性肝衰竭死亡率作用。     

抗感冒中药对肝药酶P450及其亚型作用研究

目的:研究3种常见抗感冒中药对肝药酶P450及其亚型是否具有诱导或抑制作用,认识中药的药理作用机制以指导临床合理用药。方法:通过CO还原差示光谱法测定大鼠细胞色素P450酶含量的变化,通过"cocktail"探针药物法研究细胞色素P450重要同工酶CYP1A2、CYP3A4、CYP2E1活性。结果:三种抗感冒中药均显著性降低了CYP450的含量,且三组之间对CYP450的影响无统计学差异;板蓝根组可以明显抑制CYP1A2(P0.05),芙朴组可以明显诱导CYP3A4(P0.05),三组给药组均明显抑制了CYP2E1的活性(P0.01)。结论:三种抗感冒中药都有抑制细胞色素P450的作用,且药理作用机制存在一定的差异。     

反式白藜芦醇及反式白藜芦醇苷对大鼠肝微粒体蛋白质及细胞色素P450的影响

目的:研究反式白藜芦醇及反式白藜芦醇苷对大鼠肝质量、肝微粒体蛋白质及细胞色素P450的影响。方法:大鼠分为空白对照组、反式白藜芦醇组及反式白藜芦醇苷组,分别连续给予等摩尔量的反式白藜芦醇、反式白藜芦醇苷(116.69、200 mg/(kg.d)),连续灌胃给药7 d后,分光光度法测定大鼠肝质量、肝微粒体蛋白质浓度及细胞色素P450质量分数,氨基比林-N-脱甲基酶、红霉素脱甲基酶和7-乙氧基-3-异吩哐恶唑酮脱烃酶的活性。结果:反式白藜芦醇组及反式白藜芦醇苷组大鼠肝质量、肝微粒体蛋白浓度与空白对照组比无统计学意义;而2个剂量组大鼠肝微粒体中细胞色素P450、氨基比林-N-脱甲基酶、红霉素-N-脱甲基酶和7-乙氧基-3-异吩哐恶唑酮脱烃酶的活性与空白对照组比有统计学意义(P<0.05),对细胞色素P450酶有抑制作用,但剂量组间无统计学意义。结论:反式白藜芦醇与反式白藜芦醇苷可引起肝药酶对某些药物代谢的改变。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.