实时荧光定量PCR法在流感病毒暴发疫情病原学检测诊断中的应用

目的对疑似流感病毒患者标本进行病毒核酸检测诊断,探讨实时荧光定量PCR法在流行性感冒检测诊断中的意义。方法采用WHO标准实时荧光定量PCR法对2010年10月本地区采集的8份疑似甲型H1N1流感患者咽拭子标本进行病毒核酸检测。结果 8份咽拭子标本中有6份呈甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸阳性,阳性率75%。结论实时荧光定量PCR法操作相对简单,耗时短,特异性强,灵敏度高,可作为基层疾控中心流感疫情可靠的快速诊断方法。     

江苏省连云港市2009～2010年流感监测分析

目的监测流感流行趋势,了解连云港市流感病毒的活动特点,为制定流感防治策略提供科学依据。方法用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法对流感样病例标本进行核酸检测分型,并对连云港市2009～2010年的流感样病例监测资料进行描述分析。结果 2009年7月～2010年12月,从哨点医院采集的2008份疑似流感样病例标本中,检测流感病毒核酸阳性530份,阳性率为26.39%,其中新甲型H1N1型263份,H1型7份,H3型222份,B型38份。2009年8月出现新甲型H1N1疫情,9月为高峰期。2010年高峰月出现在3月和9月。结论连云港市可能存在春季和秋季两个流感流行高峰,应进一步加强对流感的监测。     

荧光定量PCR法快速检测海南省流感样病例样本的结果与分析

[目的]探讨荧光定量PCR检测方法在海南流感病毒检测中的意义. [方法]随机抽取该省流感监测点流感样病例的咽拭子标本459份和当年1起流感暴发标本共14份,应用荧光定量RT-PCR和常规病毒分离方法进行平行检测. [结果]对于473份流感样病例的咽拭子标本,用荧光定量RT-PCR法检测出阳性结果98份,阳性率20.7%;MDCK细胞培养及病毒分离鉴定出阳性结果46份,阳性率9.7%. [结论]荧光定量RT-PCR方法能在短时间内快速检测流感病毒,并且操作简便、特异性强、灵敏度高.所以荧光定量RT-PCR方法可作为海南省流感样病例的一种快速检测手段,为该省流感疫情的快速检测和疫情处置提供科学的实验室依据.     

荧光定量RT-PCR在快速检测流感病毒A型和B型上的应用研究

[目的]探讨荧光定量RT-PCR在流感病毒快速检测上的意义。[方法]收集疑似流感样本20例,分别用定量RT-PCR技术和鸡胚分离培养方法进行检测。[结果]26份标本中定量RT-PCR检测阳性率为57.7%（15/26）,鸡胚分离培养检测的阳性率为26.9%（7/26）。两者的阳性率有统计学差异。[结论]荧光定量RT-PCR方法在检测流感病毒方面具有快速、操作方便、特异性强、灵敏度高优点。因此可以作为一种快速流感病毒检测的诊断方法。     

江苏省一起乙型流感暴发疫情的流行病学分析

目的 了解2006年春季江苏省一起流感疫情的流行病学和毒株的变异情况。方法对一起流感暴发疫情进行流行病学调查，使用荧光定量RT-PCR快速检测病原体，采用MDCK细胞分离流感病毒，用血凝抑制实验对病毒株分型鉴定，对该起疫情的流感毒株进行种系发生分析，并与同一时间的其他地区乙型流感毒株的HAl基因序列进行比较。结果 此起疫情发病人数为357人，发病率为13．2％，23份咽拭子标本中分离出16份毒株，病原为B型Victoria株型流感病毒。基因种系发生树分析证明了它们的HAl基因不同于B／HongKong／330／2001和B／zhejiang／2／2001病毒。结论 2006年春季江苏省人群中流行的乙型流感病毒维多利亚毒株系已发生变异，因此加强流感病毒病原学监测，对于防止流感疫情暴发具有重要意义。     

一起B型流感暴发的实验结果分析

目的利用A型、B型流感病毒荧光RT-PCR快速检测法,对流感病毒作快速诊断,用细胞分离法能及时取得病毒株,掌握流感流行及毒株的变异,分析预测流感在我区流行的情况,为流感防治工作提供科学依据。方法A型、B型流感病毒荧光RT-PCR快速检测法和常规狗肾传代细胞(MDCK)法分离流感病毒并进行毒株鉴定。结果B型流感病毒荧光RT-PCR为阳性;细胞病毒分离培养也确认为B型(Victoria系)流感。结论该起疫情是由B型(Victoria系)流感病毒引的急性上呼吸道病。     

实时荧光定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法与RT-PCR法及细胞培养法检测甲3型流行性感冒病毒的比较

目的比较实时荧光定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法、RT-PCR法及细胞培养法检测甲3型流行性感冒(流感)病毒的灵敏度与特异性.方法采用建立的实时荧光定量RT-PCR、RT-PCR及经典的狗肾传代细胞病毒分离等3种方法,同时对流感监测点送检的60份疑似流感标本检测甲3型流感病毒.结果细胞病毒分离的阳性数为10份,RT-PCR与实时荧光定量RT-PCR的阳性数分别为12份和15份.实时荧光定量RT-PCR的灵敏度达0.01TCID50且对甲1型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒、禽流感病毒H5、严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒及其它呼吸道病毒均无交叉反应,从病毒核酸提取至完成检测仅需3h左右.结论实时荧光定量RT-PCR由于检测在密封环境中进行,避免了产物与环境间的交叉污染,且是3种方法中最为快速敏感的方法,适用于公共卫生应急疫情的实验室快速诊断.     

胶体金法与病毒分离鉴定在流感诊断中的比较

[目的]比较流感病毒胶体金法快速诊断试剂盒与病毒分离鉴定方法在临床诊断应用中的优劣。[方法]采集临床流感样病人(ILI)鼻拭子标本,分别使用流感病毒胶体金法快速诊断试剂盒及病毒分离鉴定方法予以检测。[结果]2006年1月—2007年3月对851份样本进行现场快速检测,流感抗原阳性标本189份,阳性率为22.21%,其中A型为164份,B型为25份。在851份鼻拭子标本中分离到133株流感病毒株,其中125份为流感快速检测阳性标本。流感胶体金法快速检测试剂的灵敏度为93.98%,特异度为91.09%。[结论]采用胶体金法流感快速诊断试剂对早期流感样病人进行检测,能及时区别流感与其他上呼吸道感染,在临床诊治和流感爆发疫情处理上具有重要意义。     

2009年-2011年铁岭市流感样病例病原学监测结果分析

目的:通过流感样病例监测,及时准确对流感病毒进行核酸检测及分型鉴定,快速筛查出甲型H1N1流感病毒,为临床治疗和预防控制提供依据。方法:采集2009年-2011年哨点医院的流感样病例咽拭子标本,采用RT-PCR方法检测流感病毒核酸并进行分型鉴定,再对甲型阳性标本采用Real-time RT-PCR方法筛查出甲型H1N1流感病毒。结果:2009年9月-2011年3月共采集流感样病例标本1292份,核酸阳性标本有110例,经RT-PCR分型鉴定甲型流感病毒71例,占64.55%(H1N1亚型2例占1.82%;H3N2亚型43例占39.09%;SWH1N1亚型26例,占23.64%),乙型流感病毒39例,占35.45%。结论:铁岭市2009年9月-2011年3月流感流行期主要以甲型H3N2亚型为主,并在流感样病例监测中检测出引起世界大流行的新型毒株甲型H1N1型,因此应加大对流感样病例监测检测力度,防止疫情的扩散。     

应用实时荧光定量PCR技术快速检测甲型H1N1流感病毒

目的:对疑似甲型H1N1流感患者标本进行病毒核酸检测确诊,探讨实时荧光定量PCR检测方法在流行性感冒检测诊断中的意义。方法:采用WHO标准实时荧光定量PCR方法对2009年6月～12月萧山地区采集的436份疑似甲型H1N1流感患者咽拭子标本进行病毒核酸检测,并对甲型H1N1流感病毒、甲1型流感病毒、甲3型流感病毒和乙型流感病毒进行快速分型。结果:436份咽拭子标本中有144份呈甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸阳性,阳性率33.03%,另检出甲1型流感病毒15份,甲3型流感病毒30份,没有检出乙型流感病毒。结论:实时荧光定量PCR方法操作方便、耗时短、特异性强、灵敏度高,可作为甲型H1N1流感疫情可靠的快速诊断方法。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.     

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Beef in Italy

Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.