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1.
D. B. Hoellman L. M. Kelly M. R. Jacobs P. C. Appelbaum 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2002,8(12):814-822
Agar dilution MIC was used to test the activity of RWJ 54428, a new cephalosporin derivative, compared to imipenem, meropenem, ceftriaxone, piperacillin, piperacillin–tazobactam, clindamycin and metronidazole against 363 anaerobes isolated from clinical specimens. RWJ 54428 had low MICs against most β -lactamase-negative Gram-negative rods, and all Gram-positive strains except Clostridium difficile . Imipenem and meropenem had the lowest MICs (MIC50 s of 0.125 mg/L and MIC90 s of 1.0 mg/L). Piperacillin–tazobactam, clindamycin and metronidazole were active against most strains, and ceftriaxone was active mainly against β -lactamase-negative organisms. 相似文献
2.
S. P. Hawser 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2010,29(8):1011-1013
A total of 206 clinical isolates of Finegoldia magna were collected during the period 2007–2009 from six European countries. The majority of isolates were from body fluids (n = 83; 40.3%) or wounds (n = 82; 39.8%). All isolates were susceptible to tigecycline, meropenem, metronidazole and piperacillin / tazobactam, though
susceptibility to penicillin (86.4–87.4%) and clindamycin (78.2–93.3%) were more variable. 相似文献
3.
Beta-lactamase production and susceptibility of US and European anaerobic gram-negative bacilli to beta-lactams and other agents 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
M. R. Jacobs S. K. Spangler P. C. Appelbaum 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》1992,11(11):1081-1093
The susceptibility of 1,476 US and European strains of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ticarcillin, ticarcillin/clavulanate, cefoxitin, imipenem and metronidazole was determined. All of theBacteroides fragilis group and 51 % of the non-Bacteroides fragilis group were -lactamase positive. Amongst the non-Bacteroides fragilis group, -lactamase positivity rates were higher for US strains (58 %) than for European strains (39 %). All strains were susceptible to imipenem and metronidazole. MIC90s of amoxicillin and ticarcillin for all -lactamase negative strains were 0.5 and 2 µg/ml, respectively. The addition of clavulanate reduced the MIC90s of amoxicillin ( 256 µg/ml) and ticarcillin ( 64 µg/ml) to 16 and 8 µg/ml, respectively, for theBacteroides fragilis group, and to 4 µg/ml for both agents for the non-Bacteroides fragilis -lactamase producing group. Twenty-nine cefoxitin-resistant strains were found, mainly in theBacteroides fragilis group, while 95 -lactamase producing strains (predominantlyBacteroides fragilis group and fusobacteria) did not show synergy between -lactams and clavulanate. Of the newer agents tested, meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam were the most active (100 % of strains susceptible), followed by amoxicillin-BRL 42715 (99 % of strains susceptible); 94 to 98 % of the strains were susceptible to cefoperazone-sulbactam, tosufloxacin, tempafloxacin and clindamycin. Only 73 % of the strains were susceptible to cefotetan, compared to 91 % to cefoxitin; 88 % of the strains were susceptible to trospectomycin. Overall, all of the -lactam/-lactamase inhibitor combinations, imipenem, meropenem, cefoxitin, tosufloxacin, temafloxacin and clindamycin had good activity against -lactamase producing strains, while all agents tested had good activity against -lactamase negative strains. 相似文献
4.
C. Betriu M. Gómez F. López-Fabal E. Culebras I. Rodríguez-Avial J. J. Picazo 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2010,29(9):1179-1181
The in vitro activity of doripenem was evaluated against a recent collection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (201 ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae [153 Escherichia coli and 48 Klebsiella pneumoniae] and 201 P. aeruginosa). Comparator agents included amikacin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime piperacillin-tazobactam,
imipenem, and meropenem. Both doripenem and meropenem inhibited 100% of the ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae at ≤0.5 μg/mL.
For these isolates, the MIC90 of doripenem (0.12 μg/mL) was 4-fold lower than that of imipenem (0.5 μg/mL). Against P. aeruginosa, the MIC90 of doripenem and meropenem was 2 μg/mL, 4-fold lower than that of imipenem (8 μg/mL). At an MIC of ≤2 μg/mL, doripenem, meropenem,
and imipenem inhibited 90.5%, 89.6%, and 82.1% of P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. Doripenem maintained activity against imipenem-nonsusceptible isolates of P. aeruginosa; at an MIC of ≤4 μg/mL, it inhibited 15 of the 25 isolates with MICs for imipenem of >4 μg/mL. Doripenem is active against
ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa isolates. Its activity is similar to that of meropenem and slightly better than that of imipenem. The results of this study
suggest that doripenem could be an alternative therapeutic agent for infections caused by these organisms. 相似文献
5.
L. Dubreuil C. NeutS. Mahieux C. Muller-SerieysH. Jean-Pierre H. MarchandinC.J. Soussy A. Miara 《Pathologie-biologie》2011,59(2):102-107
Aims of the study
This study examines the activity of doripenem, a new carbapenem compound compared with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin + tazobactam, imipenem, clindamycin and metronidazole against 316 anaerobes.Methods
Inoculum preparation and agar dilution method were performed according to the CLSI method for anaerobes (M11A7).Results
At a concentration of 4 μg/ml doripenem and imipenem (IMP) inhibited 122 (96 %) and 126 (99 %) strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group, respectively. In contrast, doripenem appeared more potent than IMP against Gram-positive anaerobes inhibiting at the same concentration of 4 μg/ml 145/145 strains (100 %) versus 115/145 for IMP (79.3 %). Against 316 anaerobic strains, the carbapenem doripenem had an MIC50 of 0.25 μg/ml and an MIC90 of 2 μg/ml. Results were similar to those for imipenem (MIC50 of 0.125 μg/ml and MIC90 of 4 μg/ml). If we consider the resistant breakpoints of the two carbapenems as defined by EUCAST, the resistance rate for doripenem (MIC > 4 μg/ml) 1.6 % is similar to that of imipenem (MIC > 8 μg/ml) 1.3 %.Conclusion
Thus independently of the PK/PD parameters the two carbapenems demonstrated very close activity; doripenem was more potent on Gram-positive anaerobes and slightly less potent against Gram-negative anaerobes mainly the B. fragilis group. Further clinical studies are needed to assess its usefulness in patients. 相似文献6.
《Clinical microbiology and infection》2019,21(9):1154.e9-1154.e14
ObjectivesExtended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) present a serious challenge in the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections. ESBLs mediate resistance to most β-lactams, which may be reversed with the addition of an active β-lactamase inhibitor (such as tazobactam, relebactam and avibactam). However, various ESBLs may exhibit different susceptibilities to these inhibitors, which could impact efficacy. We proposed a framework for comparing the efficacy of these inhibitors when combined with the same β-lactam.MethodsThree clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae harbouring CTX-M-15 and one Escherichia coli isolate with SHV-12 were examined. Piperacillin MICs were determined by broth dilution using escalating concentrations of tazobactam, relebactam and avibactam. The resulting MICs were characterized as response to inhibitor concentrations using an inhibitory sigmoid Emax model. Using the best-fit parameter values, the model was conditioned with fluctuating inhibitor concentrations to simulate instantaneous MICi profiles for each isolate–inhibitor pair. Using a simulated exposure of 4 g piperacillin every 8 h, %fT > MICi was estimated for each piperacillin/inhibitor combination. A hollowfibre infection model was subsequently used to validate the predicted effectiveness of selected combinations.ResultsIn all scenarios, piperacillin MIC reductions were well characterized with increasing inhibitor concentrations. As predicted by %fT > MICi, combining piperacillin with avibactam (61.4%–73.6%) was found to be superior to tazobactam (13.5%–44.5%) for suppressing bacterial growth over time.ConclusionWe illustrated a practical approach to compare the performance of different inhibitors. This platform may be used clinically to identify the optimal pairing of various β-lactams and β-lactamase inhibitors for individual isolates producing ESBLs. 相似文献
7.
Anaerobic blood culture isolates in a Norwegian university hospital: identification by MALDI‐TOF MS vs 16S rRNA sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles
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Nina Handal Silje Bakken Jørgensen Hege Smith Tunsjø Bjørn Odd Johnsen Truls Michael Leegaard 《APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica》2015,123(9):749-758
We investigated 197 anaerobic isolates recovered from blood cultures in the period 2009–2013. The isolates included were Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Prevotella spp., Fusobacterium spp. and Gram‐positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC). Identification results by MALDI‐TOF MS were compared to those obtained by 16S rRNA sequencing, and the MICs of benzylpenicillin, clindamycin, piperacillin‐tazobactam, meropenem and metronidazole were determined by Etests. The MALDI‐TOF MS correctly identified 94.9% of the anaerobes to the genus level, and 86.8% to the species level, with errors mainly among the non‐fragilis Bacteroides spp. and GPAC. About 73.3% of the isolates were non‐susceptible to penicillin, mainly due to high resistance rates in the Bacteroides spp. (99.2%) and Prevotella spp. (69.2%). About 18.5% of the isolates were clindamycin resistant. Piperacillin‐tazobactam had an excellent activity against all anaerobes except the non‐fragilis Bacteroides spp., of which 43.8% were non‐susceptible. The clinical significance of such a high resistance rate is unclear. Meropenem and metronidazole were the most active antibiotics, with 96.9% and 97.9% of the isolates being susceptible. 相似文献
8.
Ebrahim Kouhsari Nima Mohammadzadeh Mohammad Ghasem Kashanizadeh Mohammad Mehdi Saghafi Masoumeh Hallajzadeh Azam Fattahi Alireza Ahmadi Farhad Niknejad Zahra Ghafouri Arezoo Asadi Mohammad Reza Boujary Nasrabadi 《APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica》2019,127(6):454-461
Since the level of antimicrobial resistance in Bacteroides fragilis has increased, monitoring the antimicrobial susceptibility could be necessary. The objectives of this study were to (i) investigate the prevalence of species, the occurrence of reduced antimicrobial susceptibility (E‐test method), and antibiotic resistance genes in the B. fragilis group and (ii) evaluate the prevalence of enterotoxigenic B. fragilis and the distribution of bft gene subtypes in hospitalized patients. As many as 475 isolates out of 250 stool samples were detected to be B. fragilis group by using conventional biochemical tests (API‐32A system) and multiplex‐PCR. In addition, 48.2%, 13.9%, 76.6%, and 1.2% of B. fragilis group isolates were resistant (according to EUCAST breakpoint) to piperacillin‐tazobactam, meropenem, clindamycin, and metronidazole, respectively. Six metronidazole‐resistant strains were isolated; B. fragilis (n: 3), B. thetaiotaomicron, B. vulgates, and B. ovatus. The presence of the cfiA, cepA, ermF, and nim genes was observed in 3.8%, 15.9%, 34.1%, and 0.7% of the B. fragilis isolates, respectively. One hundred thirty‐two B. fragilis isolates (27.8%)and 21 B fragilis isolates (15.9%) turned out to be bft gene positive by multiplex‐PCR; eleven isolates (52.4%) harbored bft‐1, eight isolates (38%) harbored bft‐2 isotypes, and two isolates (9.5%) harbored bft‐3 isotype (16.66%). These bacteria harbor antimicrobial resistance genes that could be transferred to other susceptible intestinal strains. Further investigations on lineage analysis are needed for a better understanding of these bacteria in Iran. 相似文献
9.
A. Fenoll M. J. Giménez O. Robledo L. Aguilar D. Tarragó J. J. Granizo J. E. Martín-Herrero 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2008,27(1):75-80
To study the influence of penicillin/amoxicillin non-susceptibility on the activity of third-generation cephalosporins, 430
consecutive penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae 2007 isolates received in the Spanish Reference Pneumococcal Laboratory were tested. For comparative purposes, 625 penicillin-susceptible
2007 isolates were also tested. Susceptibility was determined by agar dilution using Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with
5% sheep blood. Penicillin-susceptible strains were susceptible to amoxicillin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, 99.8% to cefpodoxime
and 99.5% to cefdinir, and were inhibited by 0.12 μg/ml of cefditoren and 4 μg/ml of cefixime. Penicillin-intermediate strains
were susceptible to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, with <50% susceptibility to cefdinir and cefpodoxime. The MIC50 and MIC90 values of cefditoren were 0.25 μg/ml and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively, whereas cefixime exhibited only marginal activity (MIC90=16 μg/ml). Penicillin-resistant strains were resistant to cefdinir and cefpodoxime, with 74.8% and 94.1% susceptibility to
cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, respectively. Cefditoren MIC50/MIC90 (0.5/1 μg/ml) were lower than cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. Among amoxicillin non-susceptible strains, susceptibility to cefdinir
and cefpodoxime was <10%, and susceptibility to cefotaxime decreased from 87.9% in the intermediate category to 63.0% in the
resistant group. Cefditoren MIC50/MIC90 (0.5/1 μg/ml) were lower than cefotaxime. In conclusion, the activity of cefixime, cefdinir and cefpodoxime was highly affected
by penicillin/amoxicillin non-susceptibility, while parenteral third-generation cephalosporins exhibited higher intrinsic
activity (MIC90=1 μg/ml for penicillin-resistant and 2 μg/ml for amoxicillin-resistant strains). Cefditoren exhibited one-dilution lower
MIC90 values for these strains, even against those of the most troublesome serotypes. 相似文献
10.
J. Wüst U. Hardegger 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》1994,13(2):177-181
The in vitro activity of ceftriaxone combined with tazobactam against 190 strains of anaerobic bacteria was compared with that of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, ampicillin with sulbactam, piperacillin alone and with tazobactam, cefoxitin, and imipenem, i.e. beta-lactam antibiotics established in the treatment of anaerobic infections. All anaerobes tested were susceptible to 32 mg/l ceftriaxone when tazobactam was added at fixed ratios (ceftriaxone to tazobactam) of 2:1 and 8:1 and at constant concentrations of 2,4 and 8 mg/l, respectively. When 4 mg/l tazobactam was added, the MICs of ceftriaxone for 83 of 94 strains of theBacteroides fragilis group were reduced by a factor of 8 to 512; for eight strains, this reduction was two to fourfold. Only the MICs of ceftriaxone for threeBacteroides fragilis strains were not influenced. 相似文献
11.
H. Maltezou P. Nikolaidis E. Lebesii L. Dimitriou E. Androulakakis D. Kafetzis 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2001,20(9):643-646
The efficacy of piperacillin/tazobactam at 100/12.5 mg/kg every 8 h (35 patients)
was compared to cefotaxime plus metronidazole at 50/7.5 mg/kg
every 8 h (35 patients) in 70 children with intra-abdominal infections
requiring surgery. Diagnoses were gangrenous or perforated appendicitis
(n=56), peritonitis (n=12), and abscess (n=2).
Clinical cure was observed in 35 of 35 evaluable patients treated with
piperacilin/tazobactam and in 34 of 34 evaluable patients treated with
cefotaxime plus metronidazole. Presumed bacteriological eradication was
noted in 29 of 30 evaluable patients in the piperacillin/tazobactam
group and in 31 of 31 evaluable patients in the cefotaxime plus
metronidazole group. In this study, piperacillin/tazobactam was as
effective as cefotaxime plus metronidazole for treating children with
intra-abdominal infections requiring surgery.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
12.
D. Vanjak C. Muller-Serieys B. Picard E. Bergogne-Berezin N. Lambert-Zechovsky 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》1995,14(11):972-978
The efficacy of the clinically available -lactam/-lactamase inhibitor combinations (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (CA), ticarcillin/CA, amoxicillin/sulbactam, and piperacillin/ tazobactam) was evaluated on 300 amoxicillin-resistantEscherichia coli isolates having the main patterns of -lactam resistance. The patterns, which reflect the production of various -lactamase enzymes, were analyzed by a principal component analysis of susceptibility to 11 -lactam antibiotics or -lactam/-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Sixty-two percent of strains were not very susceptible to penicillins, cephalothin, or any -lactam/-lactamase inhibitor combinations except for piperacillin/tazobactam; these strains may represent high-level broad-spectrum -lactamase (so-called penicillinase) production phenotype or inhibitor-resistant TEM-like enzyme production phenotype. Of the strains, 14.7 % were resistant to amoxicillin and ticarcillin compatible with low-level broad-spectrum -lactamase production phenotype; 5.7 % were cefoxitin resistant and were postulated to present a high-level cephalosporinase production phenotype; and 2.6 % were resistant to cephalothin only, attributable to a low-level cephalosporinase production phenotype. Three percent of strains were intermediate or resistant to cefotaxime and may produce an extended-spectrum -lactamase, and the remaining strains (12 %), resistant to all tested antibiotics except for cefotaxime and piperacillin/tazobactam, were hypothesized to produce both broad-spectrum -lactamase plus cephalosporinase. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for these phenotype patterns indicated that combinations of CA plus amoxicillin or ticarcillin, or sulbactam plus amoxicillin, restored the activity of penicillins against phenotype 1 strains, whereas these combinations remained inactive against the other phenotype strains. Piperacillin plus tazobactam showed the best in vitro effect against the strains of all resistance phenotypes. 相似文献
13.
Y. Glupczynski T.-D. Huang C. Berhin G. Claeys M. Delmée L. Ide G. Ieven D. Pierard H. Rodriguez-Villalobos M. Struelens J. Vaneldere 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2007,26(11):777-783
Temocillin is a narrow spectrum penicillin with high stability to most β-lactamases including AmpC types and extended-spectrum
types (ESBLs). We have analysed its in vitro activity against 652 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae prospectively collected from patients hospitalised in intensive care units at seven different university hospitals in Belgium
in 2005. Strains were screened for ESBL production using cefotaxime and ceftazidime screen agar plates and by double ESBL
E-tests. The MIC of temocillin and of five comparators was determined using the E-test method. ESBLs were characterized at
one central laboratory by isoelectric focusing, PCR for bla genes of the SHV, TEM, and CTX-M families, and by DNA sequencing. The prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae averaged 11.8% and ranged between 3.0 and 29% in the different hospitals. Meropenem exhibited the highest in vitro activity
overall (mode MIC 0.064 μg; MIC90; 0.19 μg/ml), whereas ceftazidime (MIC90 > 256 μg/ml) and ciprofloxacin (MIC90 > 32 μg/ml) scored the worst. Temocillin was active against more than 90% of the isolates including most AmpC- and ESBL-producing
isolates. These data indicate the well preserved activity of temocillin over the years against Enterobacteriaceae and show the wide variation in prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Belgian intensive care units. Prospective clinical studies are, however, needed to validate the usefulness of
temocillin in the treatment of microbiologically documented infections caused by ESBL- and/or AmpC- overproducing nosocomial
Enterobacteriaceae pathogens. 相似文献
14.
M. T?rnberg ?. ?stholm-Balkhed H.-J. Monstein A. H?llgren H. Hanberger L. E. Nilsson 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2011,30(8):981-987
Beta-lactam antibiotics have been discussed as options for the treatment of infections caused by multiresistant extended-spectrum
beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria if the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is low. The objective of this study
was to investigate the in vitro activity of different beta-lactam antibiotics against CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli. A total of 198 isolates of E. coli with the ESBL phenotype were studied. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of CTX-M genes and amplicon sequencing
were performed. The MICs for amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftibuten, ertapenem,
imipenem, mecillinam, meropenem, piperacillin–tazobactam, and temocillin were determined with the Etest. Susceptibility was
defined according to the breakpoints of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). MIC50 and MIC90 values were calculated. Isolates from CTX-M group 9 showed higher susceptibility to the beta-lactam antibiotics tested than
isolates belonging to CTX-M group 1. More than 90% of the isolates belonging to CTX-M group 9 were susceptible to amoxicillin–clavulanic
acid, ceftazidime, ceftibuten, piperacillin–tazobactam, and temocillin. The susceptibility was high to mecillinam, being 91%,
regardless of the CTX-M group. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem and meropenem, and 99% to ertapenem. This study shows
significant differences in susceptibility to different beta-lactam antibiotics among the CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates and a significant difference for many antibiotics tested between the CTX-M-producing groups 1 and 9. The good in
vitro activity of other beta-lactam antibiotics compared to carbapenems indicate that clinical studies are warranted in order
to examine the potential role of these beta-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of infections caused by multiresistant ESBL-producing
E. coli. 相似文献
15.
《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2023,56(2):358-366
BackgroundNew tetracycline derivatives exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. This study aimed to assess the in vitro activity of eravacycline against common Enterobacterales.MethodsClinical Enterobacterales isolates were collected between 2017 and 2021. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using a broth microdilution test.ResultsWe identified Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 300), Escherichia coli (n = 300), Klebsiella oxytoca (n = 100), Enterobacter cloacae complex (n = 100), Citrobacter freundii (n = 100), and Proteus mirabilis (n = 100). All P. mirabilis strains were resistant to eravacycline. Excluding P. mirabilis, the susceptibility rates to eravacycline, omadacycline, and tigecycline were 75.2%, 66.9%, and 73%, respectively. The MIC50 and MIC90 (mg/L) of eravacycline were 0.5 and 4 for K. pneumoniae, 0.5 and 1 for E. coli, 0.5 and 1 for K. oxytoca, 0.5 and 2 for E. cloacae complex, and 0.25 and 1 for C. freundii. In cefotaxime non-susceptible and meropenem susceptible Enterobacterales, excluding P. mirabilis, the susceptibility rates of eravacycline, omadacycline, and tigecycline were 69.7%, 57.1%, and 66.2%. We found decreased susceptibility rates of three new tetracycline derivatives against meropenem non-susceptible Enterobacterales (eravacycline: 47.1%, omadacycline: 39.4%, and tigecycline: 39.4%). Eravacycline showed a high susceptibility rate against cefotaxime non-susceptible and meropenem susceptible K. oxytoca (100%), C. freundii (93.2%), E. coli (85.9%), and meropenem non-susceptible E. coli (100%).ConclusionThis study provides the MIC and susceptibility rate of eravacycline for common Enterobacterales. Eravacycline could be a therapeutic choice for cefotaxime non-susceptible or meropenem non-susceptible Enterobacterales, especially K. oxytoca, C. freundii, and E. coli. 相似文献
16.
H. Woksepp A. Hällgren S. Borgström F. Kullberg A. Wimmerstedt A. Oscarsson P. Nordlund M-L. Lindholm J. Bonnedahl L. Brudin B. Carlsson T. Schön 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2017,36(3):553-563
Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are at risk for suboptimal levels of β-lactam antibiotics, possibly leading to poor efficacy. Our aim was to investigate whether the actual minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) compared to the more commonly used arbitrary epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) would affect target attainment in ICU patients on empirical treatment with broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics and to identify risk factors for not reaching target. In a prospective, multicenter study, ICU patients ≥18 years old and treated with piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, or cefotaxime were included. Clinical and laboratory data were recorded. Serum trough antibiotic levels from three consecutive days were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The target was defined as the free trough concentration above the MIC (100% fT>MIC). MICECOFF was used as the target and, when available, the actual MIC (MICACTUAL) was applied. The median age of the patients was 70 years old, 52% (58/111) were males, and the median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 48.0 mL/min/1.73 m2. The rate of patients reaching 100% fT?>?MICACTUAL was higher (89%, 31/35) compared to the same patients using MICECOFF (60%, p?=?0.002). In total, 55% (61/111) reached 100% fT?>?MICECOFF. Increased renal clearance was independently associated to not reaching 100% fT?>?MICECOFF. On repeated sampling, >77% of patients had stable serum drug levels around the MICECOFF. Serum concentrations of β-lactam antibiotics vary extensively between ICU patients. The rate of patients not reaching target was markedly lower for the actual MIC than when the arbitrary MIC based on the ECOFF was used, which is important to consider in future studies. 相似文献
17.
18.
M. R. Jacobs S. K. Spangler P. C. Appelbaum 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》1990,9(6):417-421
The susceptibility of 234Bacteroides non-fragilis strains and 56 fusobacteria from 12 European centers to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ticarcillin, ticarcillin/clavulanate, cefoxitin, imipenem and metronidazole was tested and related to -lactamase production. Beta-lactamase production was detected in 42.3 % of theBacteroides strains and 26.8 % of the fusobacteria. The MIC90 of amoxicillin for -lactamase-negative strains was 0.5 µg/ml and the MIC90 of ticarcillin 2.0 µg/ml. In the case of -lactamase-positive strains the MIC90 of amoxicillin (32 µg/ml) and ticarcillin (16 µg/ml) dropped to 1.0 µg/ml upon addition of clavulanate; 65.8 % of these strains were susceptible to amoxicillin and 98.2 % to ticarcillin, but all were susceptible when clavulanate was added. All strains were susceptible to imipenem and metronidazole, and 99.3 % to cefoxitin. 相似文献
19.
Dhanalakshmi Gounassegarane Rakhi Biswas Apurba Sankar Sastry Elamurugan TP Prasanth Penumadu Kalayarasan Raja 《Indian journal of medical microbiology》2022,40(2):309-310
In view of the rising incidence of Anaerobic bacteremia(AB), the use of anaerobic blood culture bottles have been recommended in addition to the aerobic blood culture bottles. The need to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing(AST) for anaerobes has become mandatory owing to increasing metronidazole resistance. The frequency of AB following large bowel surgery and the metronidazole susceptibility for members of the Bacteroides fragilis group were determined. The incidence of AB was found to be 16%. Seventeen obligate anaerobes were isolated in total, of which B. fragilis was the most common. Two of twelve isolates of B. fragilis were resistant to metronidazole. 相似文献
20.
S.-C. Yang W.-J. Chang Y.-H. Chang Y.-S. Tsai T.-P. Yang C.-W. Juan M.-Y. Shiau 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2010,29(5):601-604
This study analyzed the prevalence of antibiotics resistance and the distribution of genes responsible for carbapenems resistance
in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Clinical A. baumannii isolates were cultured, identified, and collected during the period from May 2007 to February 2009. Antibiotics resistance
rates of the clinical isolates were analyzed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The distribution of carbapenemase alleles
were investigated in the multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii isolates by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. A total of 1,265 independent A. baumannii isolates were identified. Approximately 70% of the clinical isolates were resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam, followed by
imipenem, meropenem, cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, and cefoperazone. Overall, 15.18% (192/1,265) of the
isolates were characterized as MDR strains. All of the MDR A. baumannii isolates carried the bla
OXA51-like allele. The detection rate of the bla
OXA23-like and bla
OXA24-like alleles was 96.35% (185/192) and 0.52% (1/192), respectively. Most of the isolates (185/192, 96.35%) carried genes which
encode more than one carbapenemase. This report demonstrated that approximately 15% of A. baumannii clinical isolates in central Taiwan are MDR strains, with most of them harboring multiple carbapenemases. This study provides
updated data regarding the prevalence of β-lactam resistance and genotyping information of carbapenems resistance of A. baumannii in central Taiwan. 相似文献