达纳康抑制大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤后P^53蛋白表达及细胞凋亡的研究

目的研究达纳康在大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤中的脑保护作用及其分子机制.方法采用线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉(MCAO)缺血1h再灌注24h模型,18只雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组、生理盐水对照组和达纳康治疗组,每组6只.采用Zea-Longa评分法观察神经功能缺损程度,采用免疫组织化学方法、TUNEL法分别观察各组P53蛋白表达和细胞凋亡.结果假手术组神经功能缺失评分为0分,高倍视野下无P53蛋白染色阳性细胞及凋亡细胞;达纳康治疗组神经功能缺失评分(0.48±0.37分)、P53蛋白染色阳性细胞数(5.16±1.84个/高倍视野)、凋亡细胞数(4.18±1.21个/高倍视野)均较生理盐水对照组(2.76±0.82分、10.43±1.56个/高倍视野、8.16±1.50个/高倍视野)显著减少(P<0.01).结论达纳康可明显减轻局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤,其抑制神经细胞P53蛋白的表达,进而抑制细胞凋亡,是其脑保护作用的分子机制之一.     

孕酮对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后TASK3蛋白表达的影响

目的观察孕酮对大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)大鼠脑组织TASK3蛋白表达的影响,探讨孕酮对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的脑保护作用及机制。方法雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、假手术组、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和孕酮+I/R组,后3组按缺血再灌注后不同时间随机分为0 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h和120 h 8个亚组。线栓法建立大鼠右侧MCAO模型,缺血2 h再灌注24 h进行脑损伤评估,检测各组大鼠死亡率、神经功能缺陷评分以及2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色测定脑梗死体积;采用免疫印迹法检测各组大鼠脑组织缺血2 h再灌注后不同时间点TASK3蛋白的表达。结果孕酮+I/R组大鼠死亡率(18.18%)明显低于I/R组(40.66%),该组动物脑梗死体积(21.85%±3.53%)也显著低于I/R组(37.21%±3.50%)(P<0.01),且该组神经功能缺陷评分(2.00±0.74)显著低于I/R组(2.67±0.49)(P<0.05)。与正常对照组相比,假手术组各时间点脑组织TASK3蛋白的表达无明显变化,而I/R组各时间点脑组织TASK3蛋白的表达均显著降低(P<0.05);与I/R组相比,孕酮+I/R组各时间点脑组织TASK3蛋白的表达显著升高(P<0.05)。结论孕酮对脑缺血再灌注损伤的大鼠具有脑保护作用,其机制可能与上调TASK3通道蛋白的表达有关。     

达纳康抑制大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤后P~(53)蛋白表达及细胞凋亡的研究

目的　研究达纳康在大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤中的脑保护作用及其分子机制。方法　采用线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉 ( MCAO)缺血 1h再灌注 2 4 h模型 ,18只雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组、生理盐水对照组和达纳康治疗组 ,每组 6只。采用 Zea- L onga评分法观察神经功能缺损程度 ,采用免疫组织化学方法、TUNEL 法分别观察各组 P53蛋白表达和细胞凋亡。结果　假手术组神经功能缺失评分为 0分 ,高倍视野下无 P53蛋白染色阳性细胞及凋亡细胞 ;达纳康治疗组神经功能缺失评分 ( 0 .4 8± 0 .3 7分 )、P53蛋白染色阳性细胞数 ( 5 .16± 1.84个 /高倍视野 )、凋亡细胞数 ( 4 .18± 1.2 1个 /高倍视野 )均较生理盐水对照组 ( 2 .76± 0 .82分、10 .4 3± 1.5 6个 /高倍视野、8.16± 1.5 0个 /高倍视野 )显著减少 ( P<0 .0 1)。结论　达纳康可明显减轻局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤 ,其抑制神经细胞P53蛋白的表达 ,进而抑制细胞凋亡 ,是其脑保护作用的分子机制之一。     

大鼠全脑缺血再灌注后额叶神经细胞凋亡与P^53蛋白表达的实验

目的 探讨大鼠全脑缺血再灌注后不同时间对额叶神经细胞凋亡及P^53蛋白表达的影响。方法 采用改良的Pulsineli 4-血管阻断(4-VO)方法建立SD大鼠急性全脑缺血模型，随机分为3组：正常组（n=7)；假手术组（n=49)；手术组（n=49)。缺血15min，分别于再灌注1、6、12、24、48、72h和7d断头取脑，采用TUNEL方法检测神经细胞凋亡，SP免疫组化方法观察额叶P^53蛋白的表达。结果 全脑缺血再灌注24h，可见少量TUNEL阳性细胞，再灌注48h可见较多TUNEL阳性细胞，72h出现大量TUNEL阳性细胞，7d明显减少。免疫组化染色：缺血组于再灌注24h可见少量P^53蛋白表达，48h达高峰，72h有所下降，7d明显下降，这种表达主要在细胞核内。结论 急性全脑缺血再灌注后的迟发性神经元坏死是以凋亡的方式发生的，全脑缺血再灌注后，额叶P^53蛋白表达增加，神经细胞凋亡和P^53蛋白的表达在一定时间内呈正相关。     

腺苷预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后VEGF的表达

目的通过观察腺苷预处理后大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注区脑组织的病理结构、脑梗死面积及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达,探讨腺苷预处理诱导脑缺血耐受的可能作用机制。方法制作大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型。60只SD大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组(F组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)、腺苷预处理组(AP组),再按缺血再灌注后不同时间把各组随机分成4个亚组(每亚组5只大鼠)。通过TTC染色观察脑梗死体积,并应用免疫组化法检测各组大鼠脑组织VEGF的表达。结果 (1)TTC染色正常脑组织呈鲜红色,梗死区脑组织呈苍白色,并且随着再灌注时间的延长可见梗死区扩大,腺苷预处理组的脑梗死体积小于缺血再灌注组。(2)F组可见少量VEGF阳性表达,IR组和AP组在脑缺血再灌注后2 h开始出现VEGF阳性表达的细胞数量增多,24 h达到高峰,72 h下降,AP组在6 h、24 h VEGF阳性表达比IR组增强(P均<0.05),在72 h时AP组VEGF阳性表达较IR组减少(P<0.05)。结论腺苷预处理能够进一步增强大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤后VEGF的表达;VEGF的表达增加可能是腺苷预处理诱导脑缺血耐受和产生神经保护作用的分子机制之一。     

高血压大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤时的病理学变化

目的 研究高血压大鼠在脑缺血损伤时的病理改变.方法 用线拴法将肾性高血压大鼠制作成脑缺血再灌注模型,在光镜和透射电镜下观察脑组织的病理和超微结构改变.结果 高血压组大鼠与正常大鼠相比,在局灶性缺血再灌注损伤时有明显的组织学改变.结论 高血压可经过多种机制加剧脑缺血性损伤.     

BMP-7对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后Caspase-9表达的影响

目的观察骨形态发生蛋白-7(BMP-7)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后皮质Caspase-9表达的影响,探讨其神经保护机制。方法成年雄性Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为假手术组、模型组、BMP-7治疗组(0.1 mg/kg,0.2 mg/kg),每组10只,模型组和BMP-7治疗组采用线栓法制作大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型,Longa评分法进行神经功能评分,HE染色观察缺血侧皮质病理学变化,实时定量RT-PCR法检测Caspase-9 mRNA的表达,免疫组织化学法及Western blot法检测Caspase-9蛋白的表达。结果与模型组相比,BMP-7治疗组大鼠神经功能评分明显降低(t=3.79,t=4.43,P<0.01),HE染色显示缺血侧皮质脑组织病理损伤减轻,且以高剂量组较为明显,实时定量PCR显示Caspase-9 mRNA表达明显降低(t=2.56,t=4.52;P<0.05,P<0.01),Western blot检测显示Caspase-9蛋白表达明显减少(t=3.11,t=5.62;P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 BMP-7能减轻缺血再灌注损伤脑组织损伤程度,其机制可能与下调线粒体凋亡途径中Caspase-9的表达有关,而且保护作用与剂量呈正相关。     

脑缺血再灌注心肌损伤老龄大鼠神经肽的变化

目的 从内皮素（ET）,降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）,神经肽Y（NPY）,神经降压素（NT（的变化方面研究老龄大鼠脑缺血再灌注心肌损伤的机制。方法 青年（5月龄）和老龄（20月龄以上（大鼠均为分为模型组和正常对照组,观察大鼠全脑缺血30min 再灌注60 min后心肌组织病理形态和血浆,脑组织中ET,CGRP,NPY含量。结果 脑缺血再灌注心肌组织出现明显的病理改变,老龄大鼠较青年大鼠严重,青年对照组和青年模型组,老龄对照组脑组织中NPY低于青年对照组和老龄西药组,结论 脑缺血再灌注心肌损伤与以ET占优势的CGRP与ET的平衡失调有关,由于老龄大鼠ET与CGRP间平衡失调和NPY的增龄变化使脑缺血再灌注后这些病理改变较青年大鼠更为明显。     

轻度低温对脑缺血再灌注后胶质细胞酸性蛋白表达的影响

目的：观察轻度低落曙对脑缺血再灌注后星形胶质细胞活性和组织病理变化的影响。方法：沙土鼠２４只，分非缺血对照组，缺血对照组和轻度低温组（３２－３３℃）。夹闭双侧颈总动脉２０ｍｉｎ再灌注４８ｈ，采用免疫组织化学法检测ＧＦＡＰ表达及ＨＥ染色观察组织病理变化。结果：图象分析显示缺血对照组ＧＦＡＰ表达的灰阶值与非缺血对照组比较明显增强，且阳性细胞数增多，胞体肿胀，轻度低温组ＧＦＡＰ表达基本恢复到非缺血对照组     

脑缺血再灌注损伤机制研究进展

脑缺血一定时间恢复血液供应后，其功能不但未能恢复，却出现了更加严重的脑机能障碍，称之为脑缺血再灌注损伤（cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury，CIR）。缺血再灌注损伤涉及极其复杂的病理生理过程，其中各个环节、各种影响因素间的相互作用尚未完全阐明。现对脑缺血再灌注损伤一些重要机制进行简述如下。     

pHGF对脑缺血再灌注大鼠bc1-2、p53表达的影响

目的 探讨促肝细胞生长因子(pHGF)对脑缺血再灌注损伤神经元的抗凋亡作用及机制.方法 36只健康雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为缺血对照组和pHGF治疗组,再随机分为再灌注6h、12h、24h组3个亚组.采用动脉线栓法建立大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型,于各观察时间点处死大鼠取脑组织制切片,应用TUNEL法和免疫组化法检测神经元凋亡及bc1-2、p53蛋白表达情况.结果 各观察时间点,pHGF治疗组凋亡细胞数及p53蛋白阳性细胞数较缺血对照组明显减少(P＜0.05),pHGF治疗组bcl-2蛋白阳性细胞数较缺血对照组明显增多(P＜0.01).结论 pHGF具有抑制脑缺血再灌注损伤神经元凋亡的作用,其作用机制与调节bc1-2、p53蛋白表达有关.     

戊四氮点燃癫痫持续状态大鼠海马p53的表达

目的观察癫痫持续状态后不同时间的大鼠海马神经细胞p5的表达变化,探讨p53基因在癫痫发作后的凋亡调控机制。方法戊四氮腹腔注射诱导大鼠癫痫持续状态（SE）,观察大鼠行为学改变,并选取SE后1、6、24、48、72h共5个时间点运用反转录多聚酶链反应（RT—PCR）、Western Blot方法检测SE组和对照组大鼠海马p53的表达。结果SE后6h,p53表达开始增高（P〈0．05）,24h达高峰（P〈0．001）,48h略有下降（P〈0．05）,72h后下降明显（P〈0．01）,但仍高于对照组水平。各组间两两比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论p53基因对戊四氮诱导癫痫持续状态后大鼠神经细胞凋亡起重要作用。     

MiR-125b blocks Bax/Cytochrome C/Caspase-3 apoptotic signaling pathway in rat models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by targeting p53

Objective: To explore the potential effect of miR-125b on p53-mediated regulation of Bax/Cytochrome C/Caspase-3 apoptotic signaling pathway in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to conduct CIR injury and injected with miR-125b mimic/inhibitor or p53 inhibitor (Pifithrin-α, PFT-α). Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to analyze the targeting relationship between miR-125b and p53. Longa scoring and Triphenyl tetrazolinm chloride (TTC) staining were used to test the neurologic function and determine infarct size, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Nissl’s stainings were conducted to observe the morphology of cortical neurons. Neuronal nuclei (NeuN) expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining. QRT-PCR was performed to detect the expressions of miR-125b and p53. TUNEL staining and Western blotting was used to determine neuronal apoptosis and expressions of Bax/Cytochrome C/Caspase-3 signaling pathway-related proteins, respectively.

Results: Our results showed that miR-125b could directly target p53. As observed, overexpression of miR-125b could obviously reduce the neurological score, infarct size, and brain water content after CIR in rats, which also improved the morphology of cortical neurons, increased the number of neurons, reduced neuronal apoptosis, and inhibited the expressions of Bax/Cytochrome C/Caspase-3 pathway. Moreover,the similar results were observed in rats with CIR after injected with PFT-α. But no significant differences in each index were found in CIR group and CIR + anti-miR-125b + PFT-α group.

Conclusion: MiR-125b exerts protective effects on CIR injury through inhibition of Bax/Cytochrome C/Caspase-3signaling pathway via targeting p53, which is likely to be a promising treatment for CIR.

Abbreviations: 3’–UTR: 3–untranslated region; CIR: cerebral ischemia–reperfusion; CIS: cerebral ischemic stroke; PFT–α: Pifithrin–α; PVDF: polyvinylidene fluoride; SD: Sprague–Dawley; TBST: tris buffered saline with tween. TTC staining: Triphenyl tetrazolinm chloride staining; TUNEL: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP–biotin nick end labeling.     

小脑共济失调大鼠模型中ATM及p53的表达水平变化

目的 探讨小脑共济失调大鼠模型中共济失调毛细血管扩张突变(Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated,ATM)蛋白和p53的表达水平变化。方法 采用3-乙酰吡啶(3-acetylpyridine,3-AP)和烟酸诱导SD大鼠小脑共济失调,观察大鼠行为学变化; HE染色观察大鼠小脑组织中神经元的形态学变化; 尼氏染色观察小脑组织中神经元的缺失; 免疫组化观察小脑神经元中ATM、p53的表达水平。结果 模型组大鼠厌食,体重减轻,步态异常,平衡障碍,表型观察符合小脑共济失调模型特征; 模型组小脑组织中神经元细胞核固缩深染,且存在炎性细胞浸润分子,颗粒细胞减少,浦肯野细胞形态异常甚至缺失,神经元中ATM及p53表达水平升高,且呈现出一定的时间依赖性。结论 小脑共济失调大鼠模型小脑组织出现神经元退行性病变,可能是通过激活ATM/p53信号通路来修复细胞损伤。     

Analysis of p53 mutation and expression in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare, superficially situated tumor that most frequently occurs in the temporal lobe of young adults and is often associated with seizures. It generally has a relatively favorable prognosis. Prior studies have shown that TP53 mutations may occur in up to 25% of PXAs, suggesting that PXA may have an etiology similar to diffuse astrocytoma rather than pilocytic astrocytoma. In the present study, we performed immunostaining for p53 protein and examined the mutation status of exons 5–8 of the p53 gene in 55 PXAs, 8 of which had undergone one or multiple recurrences. Of 55 primary PXAs, 35 (64%) showed staining in <1% of tumor cells, 15 (27%) in 1–10%, 4 (7%) in 11–50%, and only 1 (2%) in >50%. No significant increase in p53 protein expression was noted in recurrences, even when associated with increased histological anaplasia. We found a TP53 heterozygous mutation in exon 7 in 1 of 47 primary tumors that yielded useable DNA, and in its recurrence 3 years later. This tumor, a grade II PXA, did not show signs of anaplastic transformation at recurrence. Eleven additional recurrences from 7 patients, 5 of which showed signs of histological anaplasia, did not show TP53 mutations in exons 5–8. Based on our data, the p53 mutation appears to be an uncommon (2%) genetic event in PXA formation and does not appear to be involved in tumor progression. Consequently, our findings suggest that the genetic events that underlie PXA formation differ from those involved in diffuse astrocytoma. Electronic Publication     

Distribution of p53 protein expression in gliosarcomas: an immunohistochemical study

Summary The wild-type p53 gene product is a nuclear phosphoprotein that suppresses cell and tumor growth. Mutations of the p53 gene are by now the most frequently recognized genetic alterations in human malignancies and occur in many types of carcinomas as well as in astrocytomas and sarcomas. Wild-type p53 protein has a short half-life, is present in very low quantities in normal cells and cannot be detected immunohistochemically. Mutant p53 proteins have longer half-lives and are usually present in immunohistologically detectable amounts. It is generally agreed that the presence of p53 immunostaining indicates the presence of an abnormal p53 protein and is strongly suggestive of a mutation in the p53 gene. In this study, we stained paraffin sections from eight samples of gliosarcomas from seven patients with an antibody to p53. All tumors contained p53-immunoreactive nuclei in both the glial and the sarcomatous component. In five tumors, a majority of nuclei was positive in the sarcomatous component while only a minority of nuclei was positive in the glial areas. In one tumor, the reverse was seen. In another tumor, approximately half the nuclei were positive in both components and in one tumor, only a minority of nuclei were positive in either component (this lesion was the recurrence of a tumor in which the majority of the sarcoma's nuclei had been positive). These data indicate that p53 mutations may play a role in the pathogenesis of gliosarcomas and suggest an origin of both the glial and sarcomatous components from a common progenitor.Supported by a grant from the Physicians Referral Service of the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. This work was presented in abstract form at the meeting of the American Association of Neuropathologists in St. Louis, June 18–21, 1992     

脑胶质瘤P^53蛋白表达的初步研究

作者随机选取２２例星形细胞瘤的新鲜标本作冰冻切片，然后采用抗Ｐ＾５３单克隆抗体ｐＡｂ２４０，按ＡＢＣ法作免疫组化检测。结果发现星形细胞瘤Ｉ级Ｐ＾５３蛋白表达阳性率为０，Ⅱ级阳性率为２５％，Ⅲ－Ⅳ级阳性率为５０％，三组间的阳性率有极显著差异。本文还讨论了Ｐ＾５３基因的生物学特性及其与临床的关系。