前循环动脉瘤破裂并发颅内血肿的超早期显微手术治疗

目的探讨前循环动脉瘤破裂并发颅内血肿的超早期显微手术治疗。方法回顾性分析20例前循环动脉瘤破裂并发颅内血肿患者的临床资料,所有病例术前急诊行脑血管3D-CTA检查,在24小时内行显微外科动脉瘤夹闭手术。结果 20例患者共发现20个破裂动脉瘤,3个未破裂动脉瘤,破裂动脉瘤中前交通动脉瘤6个,颈内后交通动脉瘤8个,大脑中动脉瘤6个,未破裂动脉瘤中颈内后交通动脉瘤1个,脉络膜前动脉瘤1个,前交通动脉瘤1个,直接夹闭破裂动脉瘤和2个未破裂动脉瘤。术后GOS分级5分8例,4分2例,3分3例,2分4例,1分3例。结论前循环动脉瘤破裂并发颅内血肿病情发展迅速,3D-CTA应作为该类患者术前首选检查手段,超早期显微手术清除血肿夹闭动脉瘤能取得较好的效果。     

颅内动脉瘤的显微外科治疗

报告19例颅内动脉瘤的显微外科手术,其中包括大脑前交通动脉瘤8例,后交通动脉瘤5例,颈内动脉床突上段动脉瘤3例,大脑中动脉瘤3例。显微镜下手术,早期手术3例,延期手术16例。按H&K分级Ⅰ-Ⅲ级14例,Ⅳ～Ⅴ级5例。全组无手术死亡。重点讨论了手术时机、术中控制性低血压、显微手术和血管痉挛的预防和处理。     

32例颅内动脉瘤显微手术治疗

目的总结颅内动脉瘤中的显微手术经验,提高手术效果。方法回顾显微外科手术夹闭32例动脉瘤的手术时机及术中操作要点。结果显微手术治疗32例动脉瘤,28例痊愈,3例部分偏瘫或语言智能障碍,1例死亡,病死率3.2%。结论显微手术夹闭颅内动脉瘤效果良好。对动脉瘤术前Hunt分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者应尽早手术,Ⅲ级及以上者,待病情平稳后再手术。     

显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的 总结报道显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的临床效果。方法 回顾分析89例显微外科手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的手术时机、动脉瘤颈的暴露及夹闭技巧。结果 89例显微外科手术，共夹闭动脉瘤95个。术后症状明显好转，剧烈头痛1～5d内消失；有嗜睡表现的19例术后1周内16例完全清醒；对侧肢体瘫痪的41例中，有35例肌力恢复在Ⅳ级以上，其余6例肌力恢复到Ⅱ～Ⅲ级。动眼神经麻痹7例有4例完全恢复，3例眼裂有不同程度增宽。脑膜刺激征阳性的65例有63例1周内转为阴性。按Glasgow预后指标分级：其中1级65例（73。0％）、2级12例（13.5％）、3级6例（6．7％）、4级3例（3.4％）、5级（即死亡）3例（3．4％）。结论 采用显微外科技术治疗颅内动脉瘤，能精确保护穿支动脉，减少术中动脉瘤破裂及术后脑血管痉挛，明显提高颅内动脉瘤手术的临床疗效。     

早期显微手术夹闭瘤颈治疗脑动脉瘤破裂出血

目的 探讨早期显微手术夹闭瘤颈治疗脑动脉瘤破裂出血的方法及临床效果。方法 应用显微手术治疗脑动脉瘤破裂出血早期病例92例，其中出血后24h内手术47例，24～48h内手术32例，48～72h内手术13例。术前病情分级（按照Hunt-Hess分级）Ⅰ级7例，Ⅱ级18例，Ⅲ级42例，Ⅳ级23例，Ⅳ级2例。92例患者共有110个动脉瘤，其中前交通动脉瘤48个，颈内动脉-后交通动脉瘤32个，大脑中动脉瘤18个，大脑前动脉瘤12个。对患者出院时的治疗效果进行GOS评分。结果 术后恢复良好71例，预后差14例，死亡7例。结论 早期应用显微手术治疗脑动脉瘤出血病人可以获得较满意的临床效果。     

前交通动脉瘤的诊断与治疗

目的探讨前交通动脉瘤直接手术技术并对术后并发症的预防进行讨论。方法对前交通动脉瘤。6例，14例行颅内动脉瘤直接手术，其中动脉瘤夹闭术12例，动脉瘤切除术2例。其中11例采用翼点入路，3例采用经额纵裂入路，显微镜下手术。结果1例死亡，0～3级病人无死亡，术后恢复良好。结论前交通动脉瘤直接手术切实可行，使用显微外科技术，前交通动脉瘤直接手术并发症减少，死亡率下降。     

颅内动脉瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 :总结颅内动脉瘤显微外科治疗经验 ,探讨显微手术技巧。方法 :总结显微外科手术夹闭 2 1例颅内动脉瘤患者的临床资料 ,在气管插管全麻及控制性降压下手术 ,手术采用改良Yasargil入路 ,显微镜下直视操作 ,解剖动脉瘤颈 ,稳妥的夹闭动脉瘤蒂 ,必要时实行瘤体切除及瘤颈加固。结果 :2 1例全部行动脉瘤夹闭术。 2例因瘤体巨大在行瘤颈夹闭后行瘤体切除术。术中动脉瘤破裂 3例 ,死亡 1例。治愈率 95 .2 % ,死亡率 4.7%。结论 :显微外科技术对提高颅内动脉瘤手术成功率至关重要。动脉瘤术中破裂出血是手术失败和致死的重要原因。术中采用有效的控制性降压和临时阻断是处理术中动脉瘤破裂出血的重要应急措施。     

多技术联合应用于颅内巨大动脉瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨神经电生理监测、术中超声、术中荧光造影、神经内镜多技术联合应用于颅内巨大动脉瘤的显微外科手术治疗的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析显微手术治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤17例的临床资料。术前采用3D-CTA、MRI和DSA,充分评估动脉瘤的位置、大小和形状。术中应用神经电生理监测评价动脉瘤夹闭前、后的神经功能保留和损害程度;通过微血管多普勒超声的定性和定量分析联合术中荧光造影评定动脉瘤和周围邻近血管的血液流速及通畅度;神经内镜观察动脉瘤区的局部解剖,辨认重要的穿支血管、瘤颈结构和动脉瘤夹情况。手术在手术显微镜下操作,采用载瘤动脉控制性技术、瘤颈成形技术、动脉瘤内减压和切除技术、多瘤夹夹闭技术和血管痉挛保护技术等进行联合治疗。 结果 在多技术联合监测下,显微外科手术成功夹闭巨大动脉瘤17个,术后恢复良好15例,出现轻偏瘫1例,重度偏瘫l例,无死亡病例。DSA复查示瘤颈夹闭完全,载瘤动脉通畅。远期随访仍在进行中。 结论 多技术联合显微手术技术,能有效提高颅内巨大动脉瘤的手术疗效。     

前交通动脉瘤的显微外科治疗

目的探讨前交通动脉瘤治疗中影像学检查对显微手术的作用、显微手术技巧、术中动脉瘤破裂的处理。方法总结15例前交通动脉瘤的显微神经外科手术治疗经验，采用Yasargil的经额颞翼点入路，夹闭瘤颈。结果术后愈合优良13例，轻残1例，死亡1例。结论影像学检查和显微外科手术对于成功的夹闭动脉瘤和减少并发症的发生起到相当重要的作用。     

大脑中动脉动脉瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨大脑中动脉(MCA)动脉瘤手术治疗的临床疗效。方法 回顾分析29例外科手术治疗的MCA的临床资料。结果 所有病例均施行显微外科手术，其中行动脉瘤夹闭20例，动脉瘤切除4例，夹闭加包裹5例，其中1例巨大动脉瘤(直径7cm)切除后同时行MCA端一端吻合。术后随访6～30个月，优良27例，中残2例(术前为Ⅳ级)。结论 显微外科手术可明显提高大脑中动脉动脉瘤的治疗效果。     

Distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms: report of 26 cases

Distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysms are rare, and constitute approximately 1.5% to 9% of all intracranial aneurysms. They show some unique features compared with other aneurysms in the cerebral circulation and are frequently treated with a different technique. Twenty-six of 364 patients with cerebral aneurysms treated at our department between 1996 and 2004 had distal ACA aneurysms (7.1%). Twenty-three of the 26 patients were treated through an anterior interhemispheric approach and two with a pterional approach. All saccular aneurysms were successfully clipped except one which was embolized after the surgery. The only fusiform aneurysm spontaneously thrombosed and resolved with parent artery occlusion. Two of the 26 patients had multiple aneurysms. The surgical mortality was 8%. Distal ACA aneurysms have higher mortality and morbidity than other anterior circulation aneurysms. They should be aggressively treated even if very small because of the tendency to rupture. Endovascular treatment is an alternative in the management of these aneurysms. The most important factors affecting the outcome are grade on admission and the neurosurgeon's experience.     

Neuroendoscope-assisted minimally invasive microsurgery for clipping intracranial aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intracranial aneurysm treatment with the help of the neuroendoscope. METHODS: Eighty-eight patients were treated from February 2000 to November 2003 for intracranial aneurysms of which 89 lesions were clipped with the help of neuroendoscope, including 82 anterior circulation aneurysms (in 81 cases) and 7 posterior circulation aneurysms. The diameters of the aneurysms were between 5 and 40 mm with mean value of 12.5 mm. In the Hunt and Hess preoperative classification, 10 cases were grade 0, 37 cases were grade I, 36 cases were grade II, and 5 cases were grade III. RESULTS: Postoperative complications were observed in 7 cases (7.9%), including hemiplegia in 5 cases (1 case with combination of aphasia), pseudomembranous enteritis in 1 case and optic blur in 1 case. We did not observe any neuroendoscope-related complications and had no postoperative deaths. CONCLUSIONS: The operative efficacy in aneurysm neurosurgery can be improved by the use of the neuroendoscope, especially for minimally invasive microsurgery operation. The neurosurgeon should pay more attention to the training of the endoscope procedure and master more knowledge about endoscopic anatomy.     

Neuronavigation based on CT angiography for surgery of intracranial aneurysms: primary experience with unruptured aneurysms.

Several reports have demonstrated the use of three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic angiography (CTA) for preoperative planning in patients with intracranial aneurysms. Until now, there are no reports on the potential role of navigation systems in combination with CTA in aneurysm surgery. In the present study we report our experience with neuronavigation based on CTA in 16 patients with unruptured anterior circulation aneurysms for 1) planning craniotomy; 2) guided approach to the aneurysm; and 3) 3D presentation of the aneurysm and adjacent arteries in correct orientation. The reconstructed CTA images were analyzed preoperatively with regard to diameter of aneurysm neck and dome as well as projection and possible daughter aneurysms, and these parameters were compared with the intraoperative findings. In addition the accuracy of the navigator to locate the aneurysm neck was measured intraoperatively. Navigated approach planning resulted in variable keyhole craniotomies for the 7 middle cerebral artery aneurysms, but did not result in deviation from small standard craniotomies for the internal carotid and anterior communicating artery aneurysms. Precision of the indication of the navigator with regard to the aneurysm neck ranged from < 1 mm to 4 mm. Intraoperative assessment confirmed the CTA data with regard to aneurysm size and projection in all, and definition of daughter aneurysms and adjacent arteries in most cases. The computer assisted approach allowed a smaller, exactly placed craniotomy primarily in MCA aneurysms. 3D presentation of the aneurysms and the adjacent arteries in correct orientation facilitated identification and dissection the aneurysms. Current navigation systems are not precise enough to allow "blind" aneurysm clipping by placing a real clip on the virtual aneurysm neck.     

前循环动脉瘤的诊治(附56例报告)

目的探讨前循环动脉瘤的诊断方法,治疗时机的选择,术中注意事项及术后处理的相关问题。方法回顾性分析确诊为颅内前循环动脉瘤的56例患者的临床资料,包括检查手段、手术时机、手术方法、术后处理及预后。结果在56例患者61个动脉瘤中,直接手术夹闭57个,行载瘤动脉孤立术2例(均为眼动脉瘤),行动脉瘤包裹术2例(眼动脉瘤1例,前交通动脉瘤1例)。本组治愈40例(71.4%),轻残6例,重残4例,植物生存2例,死亡4例(7.1%)。结论三维DSA使动脉瘤的诊断更加准确;动脉瘤确诊后应尽早手术,翼点入路是治疗前循环动脉瘤行之有效的方法;手术后脑水肿和脑血管痉挛是致残和死亡的主要原因。     

Surgical outcome for multiple intracranial aneurysms

Summary The surgical outcome of 221 cases with multiple intracranial aneurysms operated upon during the years 1988 to 1994 were reviewed. The patients were classified into three groups according to the locations of the aneurysms; group 1: multiple aneurysms located unilaterally in the anterior circulation only (147 cases); group 2: multiple aneurysms located bilaterally in the anterior circulation only (44 cases) and group 3: multiple aneurysms located in both anterior and posterior circulation or in the posterior circulation alone (30 cases). In 132 cases of group 1 (89.8%) all aneurysms were treated in one-stage operations. Twenty-eight patients from group 2 (63.6%) received partial treatment, where only the ruptured or the symptomatic aneurysms were treated. In 12 other cases from group 2 (27.3%) all multiple aneurysms were treated in two-stage operations. In group 3 patients, one-stage operations were performed in 18 cases (60%), while 9 patients (30%) received partial treatment only. Of the 221 multiple aneurysm cases, 162 (73.3%) presented with manifestations of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). The remaining 59 multiple aneurysms cases (26.7%) presented with manifestations other than SAH (unruptured aneurysms). In the postoperative follow-up, of the 221 multiple aneurysms cases, 113 (51.1%) were free of neurological deficit (excellent), 48 cases (21.7%) were capable of leading an independent life (good), 32 cases (14.5%) were not independent and needed to be assisted (fair), and 28 patients (12.7%) died. These results were comparable to the results of patients with single aneurysms operated on during the same period.Based on our results, we recommend that whenever possible all multiple aneurysms should be treated in one-stage operations. In unruptured multiple aneurysm cases surgical management is the recommended treatment. In poor grade SAH patients or unruptured multiple aneurysms in old patients, two-stage operations or partial treatment of only the ruptured or the symptomatic aneurysms may be adopted.     

Results of the surgical treatment of multiple aneurysms--review of 372 cases

The authors review the surgical results in 372 cases of multiple intracranial aneurysms during this 25-year period in which one of the authors (JS) performed 2,000 direct operations for aneurysms. All patients were classified into four groups according to the location of aneurysms as follows: Group 1: multiple aneurysms including anterior communicating artery aneurysm (157 cases); Group 2: multiple aneurysms of unilateral anterior circulation (72 cases); Group 3: multiple aneurysms of bilateral anterior circulation (110 cases); Group 4: multiple aneurysms including vertebrobasilar artery aneurysms (33 cases). In multiple aneurysm cases, their policy has been to treat all aneurysms, ruptured and unruptured, in a one-stage operation whenever possible. About 90% of patients in both Group 1 and Group 2 were treated by one-stage operations, while 60% of patients in Group 3 and 42% of in Group 4 were operated on in the same manner. Excellent and good results in from 73% to 81% of cases was obtained in patients of Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3. Morbidity was 14-19% and mortality was 6-8%. These results were almost equal to the results with a single aneurysm of the anterior circulation. On the other hand, the surgical results in Group 4 were poor with a mortality of 27%. Poor results were attributable to the postoperative rebleeding from the untreated vertebro-basilar aneurysms, which were thought to be unruptured aneurysms preoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms--a clinicopathological correlation

OBJECT: Brain check-up is very important for detecting the incidence and prevalence of aneurysms in the population and to get the definite strategy for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 116 aneurysms detected by brain check-up between 1998-1999 which were treated either by clipping or endovascular coiling. In some cases the aneurysmal wall was resected for histopathological examination and compared with five normal autopsy cases. CONCLUSIONS: Direct surgery is the primary option for a patient with an aneurysm in the anterior circulation especially in young patients. Intravascular therapy is suitable for aneurysms in the posterior circulation and in intracavernous site.     

Surgical treatment of multiple aneurysms

Summary We review the surgical results in 372 cases of multiple intracranial aneurysms over a 25-year period in which one of us (JS) performed 2,000 direct operations for aneurysms. All patients were classified into four groups according to the location of the aneurysm: Group 1: multiple aneurysms including anterior communicating artery aneurysm (157 cases); Group 2: multiple aneurysms of unilateral anterior circulation (72 cases); Group 3: multiple aneurysms of bilateral anterior circulation (110 cases); Group 4: multiple aneurysms including vertebro-basilar artery aneurysms (33 cases).In multiple aneurysm cases, our policy has been to treat all aneurysms, ruptured and unruptured, in a one-stage operation whenever possible. About 90% of patients in both Group 1 and 2 were treated by one-stage operations, while 60% of patients in Group 3 and 42% of patients in Group 4 were operated on in the same manner.Excellent and good results in from 73% to 81% of cases were obtained in patients in Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3. Morbidity was 14–19% and mortality was 6–8%. These results were comparable to the results with a single aneurysm of the anterior circulation. On the other hand, the surgical results in Group 4 were poor with a mortality of 27%. Poor results were attributable to the postoperative rebleeding from the untreated vertebro-basilar aneurysms, which were thought to be unruptured aneurysms preoperatively.Furthermore, it was clarified that the results of early one-stage operations (within one week from onset) in patients with multiple aneurysms were satisfactory. In this group, there was good recovery in 84% of patients, 7% were disabled and 9% died. The morbidity was notably lower in patients operated on within one week than in those operated on after 8 days. Based on these results, the one-stage operation in the acute period is recommended for patients with multiple aneurysms.     

不同术式颅内外血管搭桥在颅内动脉瘤治疗中的应用

目的 探讨不同术式颅内外血管搭桥术在颅内动脉瘤治疗中的作用。方法回顾性分析9例颅内动脉瘤患者闭塞载瘤动脉前行颅内外血管搭桥术的临床资料,载瘤动脉远端侧支循环代偿状况,不同术式颅内外血管搭桥术的手术方法等和方法。结果9例颅内动脉瘤患者载瘤动脉远端侧支循环代偿均不良,经多途径颅内外血管搭桥后闭塞了载瘤动脉,无载瘤动脉远端脑缺血现象发生结论对于载瘤动脉远端侧支循环代偿不良的患者,闭塞载瘤动脉前需根据其远端的脑血流需求选择不同途径的颅内外血管搭桥术,进行载瘤动脉远端的血流重建。     

Surgical approach to giant intracranial aneurysms. Operative experience with 80 cases.

The authors report experience with the surgical management of 80 giant intracranial aneurysms (greater than 2.5 cm in diameter) during a 10-year period in which they performed 594 operations for aneurysms. The overall incidence of giant aneurysms was 13% but varied according to location: 20% of aneurysms of the internal carotid artery (ICA); 13% of middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms; 1% of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysms; 15% of aneurysms of the basilar artery caput (BAC); and 18% of vertebrobasilar trunk (VB) aneurysms. Twenty-five patients had a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 49 had mass effect from the aneurysm, and six had ischemic events. There was no apparent difference in results related to the presence or absence of an SAH. Poor results were attributable to the operation except in the two cases of ACA aneurysm in which preexisting dementia persisted. Mortality was 4% and morbidity was 14%, varying from a combined low morbidity-mortality of 8% for ICA lesions to a high to 50% for BAC aneurysms. During the period of the study, different techniques were developed in an attempt to lower the risks of surgery. Ultimately ICA aneurysms were monitored with cerebral blood flow measurements and electroencephalography before and after temporary ICA ligation, then approached following resection of the anterior clinoid or treated with bypass in combination with ICA ligation. Aneurysms of the MCA were either opened during temporary MCA occlusion or resected in combination with a bypass procedure. Bypass grafts and circulatory arrest with extracorporeal circulation may have a role in giant aneurysms of the posterior circulation.