冠心病心绞痛患者纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1活性变化及临床意义

目的　探讨冠心病心绞痛患者血浆PAI- 1(纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物 - 1)活性变化特点及临床意义。方法　用发色底物法测定 32例冠心病患者PAI - 1、tPA活性。结果　 (1)冠心病组血浆PAI- 1活性水平显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;(2 )将冠心病患者分为稳定、不稳定性心绞痛亚组后发现 :①不稳定性心绞痛组的PAI - 1活性水平显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 0 1)、高于稳定性心绞痛组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;②稳定性心绞痛组的PAI- 1活性水平高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。 (3)tPA活性水平在各组间无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　冠心病及冠心病亚组的纤溶活性减低主要与PAI - 1活性水平增高有关 ,不稳定性心绞痛组增高最明显。     

冠心病患者血清脂蛋白(a)与纤溶功能的变化及其相关性

目的:观察冠心病(CHD)患者血清脂蛋白a[Lp(a)]、血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tPA)与纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1(PAI-1)活性的变化特点,并探讨它们之间的关系。方法:对124例CHD患者和26例正常人采用双抗体ELISA法测定Lp(a)浓度,发色底物法测定tPA、PAI-1活性。结果:CHD患者中,急性心肌梗死(AMI)和不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)组患者Lp(a),浓度和PAI-1活性均非常显著高于对照组(P<0.01):tPA活性显著低于对照组(P<0.01);陈旧性心肌梗死(OMI)和稳定性心绞痛(SAP)组患者Lp(a)浓度和PAI-1活性均亦高于对照组(P<0.05);tPA活性亦低于对照组(P<0.05)。124例CHD患者相关分析显示:Lp(a)与PAI-1活性呈显著正相关,与tPA活性呈显著负相关(P均<0.001)。结论:冠心病患者Lp(a)显著升高,且与tPA、PAI-1活性有密切相关关系。     

纤溶指标在急性冠状动脉事件中的变化及临床意义

目的 :探讨纤溶功能变化在急性冠状动脉事件中的临床意义。　　方法 :选择急性心肌梗塞患者 2 4例 (为急性心肌梗塞组 ) ,不稳定性心绞痛中 48小时内劳力型心绞痛加剧和出现自发性心绞痛患者 32例 (为不稳定性心绞痛急性加剧组 ) ,健康对照组 2 0例。测定其血浆组织纤溶酶原激活物、纤溶酶原激活抑制物、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原含量并进行比较。　　结果 :急性心肌梗塞组和不稳定性心绞痛急性加剧组患者血浆组织纤溶酶原激活物活性均低于健康对照组。纤溶酶原激活抑制物活性、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原含量均高于健康对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,但急性心肌梗塞组与不稳定性心绞痛急性加剧组患者之间 4个指标无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。　　结论 :急性心肌梗塞组及不稳定性心绞痛急性加剧组患者均有纤溶活性降低 ,其发病机制可能是有血栓因素参与。     

冠心病血浆内皮素水平与胰岛素敏感性的关系

目的 :了解冠心病患者血浆内皮素 (ET)水平与胰岛素敏感性之间的关系。　　方法 :对 77例冠心病患者 (冠心病组 )和 2 0例健康人 (正常对照组 )行口服葡萄糖耐量试验、胰岛素和 C肽释放试验 ,并测定空腹血浆 ET。以血浆 ET水平为因变量、9个胰岛素敏感性指标为自变量分别进行单元直线相关分析和多元逐步回归分析。　　结果 :冠心病组血浆 ET显著高于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ;两组空腹血葡萄糖无显著性差异 ;冠心病组胰岛素敏感性指数小于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ;其它指标大于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1)。冠心病组血浆 ET与多个胰岛素敏感性指标显著相关 ,但独立相关的指标只有胰岛素敏感性指数、空腹血胰岛素和 (或 ) C肽曲线下面积。　　结论 :血浆 ET水平升高和胰岛素敏感性减低普遍存在于冠心病 ,而且血浆 ET水平与胰岛素敏感性相关 ,提示 ET和胰岛素抵抗在冠心病的发病机制中可能具有一定的内在联系。     

老年人不稳定型心绞痛与稳定型心绞痛TF、tPA和PAI-1检测的临床意义

目的　观察老年人 (≥ 60岁 )不稳定型心绞痛 ( U A)和稳定型心绞痛 ( SA)患者体内组织因子 ( TF)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物( t PA)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 -1( PAI-1)的变化。方法　采用 ELISA双夹心法。结果　不稳定型心绞痛组血浆 TF水平高于稳定型心绞痛组和对照组 ,稳定型心绞痛组高于对照组。不稳定型心绞痛组与稳定型心绞痛组和对照组对比 ,血浆 t PA活性、t PA/PAI-1明显降低 ,PAI-1活性明显增高 (均为 P<0 .0 5 )。结论　冠心病患者存在凝血纤溶系统失平衡 ,可能对老年人不同类型冠心病的发生发展起重要作用。     

冠心病血浆脂联素水平与纤溶活性的关系

目的 观察冠心病病人血浆脂联素、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,PAI-1)水平的变化及其临床意义.方法 冠心病151例,分为稳定型心绞痛组、不稳定型心绞痛组和急性心肌梗死组.健康体检者50名为对照组.采用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定血浆脂联素、PAI-1浓度.结果 ①血浆脂联素浓度:冠心病组显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);稳定型心绞痛组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);不稳定型心绞痛组和急性心肌梗死组显著低于对照组和稳定型心绞痛组(P＜0.01);②血浆PAI-1浓度:冠心病组显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);稳定型心绞痛组组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);不稳定型心绞痛组和急性心肌梗死组显著低于对照组和稳定型心绞痛组(P＜0.01).③冠心病病人血浆脂联素浓度与血浆PAI-1浓度相关系数为(r=-0.750,P＜0.01).结论 低脂联素水平可能是冠心病的发病因素之一,血浆脂联素水平可能有助于反映冠心病斑块的稳定性;低脂联素水平可能通过减低纤溶活性而参与急性冠状动脉综合征的发生发展过程.     

胰岛素抵抗与血清循环内分泌因子在冠心病发病中的作用

目的　研究胰岛素抵抗与血清循环内分泌因子在冠心病发病中的作用。方法　分别测定 52例老年冠心病患者〔冠心病组 ,其中不稳定心绞痛 ( UAP组 ) 3 0例 ,急性心肌梗死 ( AMI组 ) 2 2例〕及 3 0例健康人 (对照组 )血浆 t-PA (组织型纤溶酶原激活物 )、PAI(纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 )、ET(内皮素 )、SOD(超氧化物歧化酶 )、L PO (过氧化脂质 )、Ins(胰岛素 )、C-P( C-肽 )等及血清甲状腺激素 T3、T4、r T3(反 T3)、FT3(游离 T3)、FT4(游离T4)、TSH(促甲状腺激素 )和血脂水平 ,并进行对照分析。结果　冠心病组 (尤其是 AMI组患者 ) Ins、C-P、Ins/ SG(胰岛素 /血糖 )、IAI(胰岛素敏感指数 ) PAI、ET、L PO、r T3均比对照组显著升高 ( P<0 .0 1及 P<0 .0 5) ;而 t-PA、SOD、T3、FT3、T4 比对照组降低 ( P<0 .0 1及 P<0 .0 5)。结论　老年冠心病患者存在胰岛素抵抗 ,ET增加 ;PAI升高及 t-PA降低诱发了冠脉内的粥样硬化斑块破裂或出血 ,血小板聚集及血栓形成 ,从而促发 UAP或 AMI。血清甲状腺激素的变化对了解心肌梗死患者的心肌坏死量 ,判断病情及预后有一定帮助     

血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1基因4G/5G多态性及其抗原与冠心病的关系

目的探讨纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)与冠心病的关系及其对冠状动脉病变程度的预测价值.方法选择345例非糖尿病的住院患者(其中295例已行冠状动脉造影),分为对照组、心绞痛组及陈旧性心肌梗塞(OMI)组,通过等位基因特异引物聚合酶链反应法检测PAI-1基因4G/5G多态性,并测定血浆PAI-1抗原水平.为分析PAI-1基因型与冠心病、心肌梗塞的相关性,将心绞痛组与OMI组患者合称冠心病者,对照组与心绞痛组患者合称非心肌梗塞者.冠心病患者又分为稳定性心绞痛(SAP)者和不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)者.结果血浆PAI-1抗原水平在对照组、心绞痛组及OMI组间无统计学差异.UAP患者与SAP相比,PAI-1抗原水平显著升高,有显著性差异(25.0±7.2ng/ml比22.3±7.1 ng/ml,P<0.05),经Logistic回归分析,血浆PAI-1抗原水平与UAP仍有显著性相关,调整后的OR值为1.83(P=0.05).冠心病者4G和5G等位基因频率为56%和44%;对照组频率为62%和38%,冠心病者与对照组间无显著性差异.经一元直线相关分析发现,PAI-1基因型与PAI-1抗原水平间无相关性(P>0.05).PAI-1基因型分布及血浆水平均与冠状动脉病变支数无关.结论血浆PAI-1抗原水平升高可能与UAP有关,但PAI-1基因4G/5G多态性与血浆抗原水平及冠心病、心肌梗塞均无显著相关,且对冠状动脉病变范围无预测价值.     

复方丹参滴丸对不稳定型心绞痛患者血小板活化及纤溶活性的影响

目的　探讨复方丹参滴丸对不稳定型心绞痛 (UA)患者血小板活化状态和纤溶活性的影响。方法　 40例 UA患者随机分为常规治疗组 (2 0例 )和复方丹参滴丸组 (2 0例 )。疗程 4周。治疗前后测定血浆中血小板 α-颗粒膜蛋白 (GMP-14 0 )、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂 (t-PA)及其抑制物 (PAI-1)水平。结果　两组 UA患者治疗后 GMP-14 0含量、PAI-1活性均明显降低 (P<0 .0 5 ;P<0 .0 1) ,t-PA活性显箸升高 (P<0 .0 5 ;P<0 .0 1)。复方丹参滴丸组降低 GMP-14 0和升高 t-PA的幅度高于常规治疗组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　复方丹参滴丸能有效抑制血小板活化、改善纤溶活性     

纤维蛋白原浓度变化在急性冠脉综合征中的临床意义

目的:探讨血浆纤维蛋白原(Fg)浓度变化与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)的关系。方法:对37例稳定性心绞痛、32例不稳定性心绞痛、31例急性心肌梗死和42例正常对照者分别进行血浆纤维蛋白原浓度测定,并分组进行比较。结果:(1)冠心病各组Fg浓度显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。(2)冠心病各组之间随冠脉事件的严重程度,Fg有增高趋势,不稳定性心绞痛和心肌梗死组血浆Fg水平明显高于稳定性心绞痛组(P<0.05)。结论:Fg参与冠心病的发病过程,其升高对冠心病有一定的预测价值,Fg浓度与急性期冠脉事件和ACS严重程度可能相关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.