经颞下回-侧脑室入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术治疗内侧颞叶癫痫

目的 探讨经颞下回-侧脑室入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术治疗内侧颞叶癫痫的手术方法 、疗效及并发症. 方法 对确诊为药物难治性内侧颞叶癫痫的62例患者,经颞部锁孔开颅,切除中前段颞下回,进入颞角前外侧区,选择性切除海马杏仁核及海马旁回等内侧颞叶结构.结果 62例患者术后随访至少24～80个月,无严重手术并发症;Engel癫痫疗效分级;Ⅰ级45例(72.6%),Ⅱ级12例(19.4%),Ⅲ级5例(8.0%). 结论 经颢下回-侧脑室入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术是治疗内侧颞叶癫痫的有效方法 ,其手术创伤小,可妥善保护语言区和视放射,安全性高.     

微创锁孔入路选择性海马杏仁核切除治疗伴海马硬化的内侧颞叶癫痫

目的探讨经颞上沟-侧脑室锁孔入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术治疗难治性内侧颞叶癫痫的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2014年9月~2016年3月南京军区南京总医院神经外科19例难治性内侧颞叶癫痫患者的临床资料。患者均采用颞上沟-侧脑室锁孔入路选择性海马杏仁核切除手术方式。结果术后复查头颅MRI示,手术切除范围满意。术后随访6~24个月,EngelⅠ级14例(73.6%)、Ⅱ级4例(21%)、Ⅲ级1例(5.4%),无严重手术并发症。结论经颞上沟-侧脑室锁孔入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术治疗难治性内侧颞叶癫痫安全有效;与传统手术入路相比,手术创伤小,手术时间缩短。     

经颞下梭状回入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术治疗颞叶内侧癫痫

目的探讨经颞下梭状回入路选择性杏仁核海马切除术治疗颞叶内侧癫痫的手术方法、疗效及并发症。方法药物难治性颞叶内侧癫痫30例患者,经颞下切开梭状回,进入侧脑室颞角,选择性切除杏仁核海马及海马旁回等内侧颞叶结构。结果30例患者术后随访至少3年时间(36～61个月),无严重手术并发症。Engel癫痫疗效分级:I级22例(73.3%),II级6例(20%),III级1例(3.3%),IV级1例(3.3%)。结论经颞下梭状回入路选择性杏仁核海马切除术是治疗颞叶内侧癫痫的有效方法,对脑组织创伤小,可妥善保护语言区和视放射,安全性高。     

经颞下沟选择性杏仁核海马切除术治疗内侧颞叶癫痫

目的探讨经颞下沟侧脑室入路选择性杏仁核海马切除术治疗内侧颞叶癫痫的手术方法、效果及并发症。方法确诊为药物难治性内侧颞叶癫痫的30例患者,在无框架神经导航指引下,经颞部锁孔开颅,显微镜下分开一小段颞下沟,切开侧脑室壁,进入颞角前外侧区,选择性切除杏仁核海马。结果30例患者术后随访至少2年时间（24—59个月）,神经功能改善,无严重手术并发症,23例（76．7％）癫痫发作完全消失（EngelⅠ级）。结论经颞下沟侧脑室入路选择性杏仁核海马切除术是治疗内侧颞叶癫痫的有效方法,在神经导航辅助下手术创伤小,可妥善保护语言区和视放射,安全性高。     

经皮层选择性海马杏仁核切除术治疗颞叶癫痫

目的 观察经皮层入路选择件海马含仁核切除术对颞叶癫痫的治疗效果及风险。方法 20例单侧海马硬化性顽崮性颞叶内侧癫痫患者，采用颢部开颅经颞中同侧脑室入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术治疗，随访至少1年以卜，采用Engel分级量表进行针对癫痫发作控制效果的评价。结果 Ⅰ级结果15例，Ⅱ级结果3例，Ⅲ级结果2例，无明显持久性并发症，无手术死亡。结论 在严格筛选的颞叶内侧癫痫，颞部开颅经颞中回皮层入路选择性切除海马含仁核术对治疗颞叶癫痫，安全有效。     

选择性海马-杏仁核切除术治疗内侧颞叶癫痫85例分析

目的 采用选择性海马-杏仁核切除术治疗内侧颞叶癫痫85例，探讨手术入路的选择及治疗效果。方法 总结2000年～2004年85例选择性海马-杏仁核切除手术病例的术前临床表现、影像检查、视频脑电图和脑磁图所见以及外科手术方法，观察随访结果。结果 术后74．2％癫痫发作停止。Engel癫痫疗效分级：1级74．2％，2级16．5％，3级5．1％，4级4．2％。总有效率为95.8％。结论 选择性海马-杏仁核切除术对80％以上的内侧颞叶癫痫有效。颧弓翼点经颞下沟入路安全有效。颞底海马旁回入路可避免损伤颞叶新皮质。     

经颞下入路选择性杏仁核海马切除术在内侧颞叶癫痫治疗中的应用

研究发现,颞叶内侧结构(杏仁核海马等)与颞叶癫痫的发生和传播密切相关。Wieser甚至认为该区域为癫痫的起搏器结构,他与Yasargil合作提出了经外侧裂选择性杏仁核海马切除术代替传统的颞叶切除方法。Hori则提倡用经颞下入路选择性杏仁核海马切除术,治疗内侧颞叶癫痫,在控制癫痫基础上保留颞叶新皮质。作者采用Hori法选择性杏仁核海马切除术治疗非肿瘤性顽固性内侧颞叶癫痫60例,临床疗效满意。现总结如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组60例,男33例,女27例;年龄4～54岁,平均约23岁。病程0.5～31年,平均约12年。主要表现为单纯部分性发作3例,复杂…     

经锁孔颞下入路选择性杏仁核海马切除术治疗颞叶内侧癫

目的探讨经锁孔颞下入路选择性杏仁核海马切除术治疗颞叶内侧癫的手术方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析29例颞叶内侧癫的病例资料,均在全麻下行后颞锁孔开颅,经梭状回造瘘进入侧脑室颞角,分块切除杏仁核海马及海马旁回等颞叶内侧结构。结果 29例病人术后平均随访43个月,Engel癫疗效分级:Ⅰ级24例,Ⅱ级2例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级1例。无失语、严重记忆力减退及视野缺损发生。结论选择性杏仁核海马切除术是治疗颞叶内侧癫的有效方法,创伤小,可妥善保护语言区、颞干和视放射。     

神经导航下锁孔入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术治疗内侧颞叶癫痫

目的 探讨神经导航下锁孔入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术治疗顽固性内侧颞叶癫痫的可行性.方法 总结分析18例神经导航下锁孔入路选择性海马杏仁核切除病例,所有病例均经过临床特征、影像检查、视频脑电监测、脑磁图检查确定为顽固性内侧颞叶癫痫.结果 随访结果显示72.2%病例术后癫痫发作停止.Engel癫痫疗效分级:Ⅰ级72.2%,Ⅱ级22.2%,Ⅲ级5.6%.结论 神经导航下锁孔入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术是一种安全可行的手术方法,疗效满意.     

不同手术入路治疗海马硬化性颞叶内侧癫痫的比较

目的 比较常用的四种手术方式在治疗海马硬化性颞叶内侧癫痫(MTLE/HS)中的优缺点.方法 106例顽固性MTLE/HS患者中23例行经皮层脑室入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术;23例行经侧裂选择性海马杏仁核切除术;30例行前内侧颞叶切除术;30例行经颞下选择性海马杏仁核切除术.随访6个月-9年.采用Engel分级量表评价癫痫治疗效果,并比较并发症发生率.结果 四种术式在对癫痫发作的治疗效果比较上差异无统计学意义,无手术死亡,在并发症发生率方面差异无统计学意义.结论 对于经严格筛选的MTLE/HS,四种手术方式在疗效和安全性方面相当,可根据个人手术经验加以选择.     

应用深部电极定位颞叶癫(癎)致灶临床研究

目的 观察深部电极记录的有效性及并发症,并探讨适应证.方法 20例药物难治性颞叶癫(癎)患者进行颅内电极植入,包括双侧颞叶纵向深部电极植入、双侧硬膜下颞底条状电极植入、颞外条状电极植入.结果 术前进行广泛的无创检查之后仍不能定位致灶的患者是选择颅内电极记录的主要适应证.在所筛选的病人中,17例患者可通过颅内电极记录定位...     

A Psychosocial Approach to Epileptic Patients

Summary: A psychoeducational approach was taken with 174 epileptic patients. Using this approach, no family problems were recognized among patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) or among those with symptomatic generalized epilepsy (SGE). However, 11 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and 1 patient with non-temporal lobe epilepsy (non-TLE) did exhibit family problems indicating that such problems involving IGE or SGE cases can be prevented through educational programs using a psychoeducational approach. This fails, however, to prevent such problems for TLE or non-TLE cases. Furthermore, small group psychotherapy was given to 10 patients with intractable TLE. They were directed to make self-evaluations regarding therapeutic factors originally introduced by Yalom but specially modified for these particular patients. Relatively high evaluations were given on every factor when compared with the results of individual psychotherapy. These results point out the importance of providing such psychotherapeutic approaches as group psychotherapy and self-help groups in addition to educational programs in order to enhance the quality of life (QOL) of epileptic patients and their families.     

颞叶癫 的EEG和MR术前定位研究

目的：探讨 ＥＥＧ、ＭＲ对颞叶癫癎（ＴＬＥ）术前定位。方法：用 ＭＲ、ＥＥＧ对 ２０例 ＴＬＥ病例进行术前定位,与术中 ＥＥＧ和术后随访结果比较。结果：２０例病例中１７例依据ＭＲ及ＥＥＧ获得定位,主要在海马区域病变１２例,前颞叶５例．另３例ＭＲ检查正常,依据多次ＥＥＧ检查获得定位,随访疗效满意。结论：ＥＥＧ是诊断ＴＬＥ的重要手段,ＭＲ可对继发性ＴＬＥ作出正确诊断,ＭＲ对海马硬化检查可协助ＥＥＧ对ＴＬＥ定位诊断。     

多处软脑膜下横纤维切断术治疗难治性癫痫的应用研究

目的 总结多处软脑膜下横纤维切断术(multiple subpial transection,MST)与其他术式联合应用治疗难治性癫痫的疗效。方法 195例难治性癫痫患者,部分性发作者81例,全面性发作者114例。根据手术前脑电图、SPECT、PET、CT及MR定位检查,结合术中皮层电极脑电图探测结果,划出致痫灶地域图,于显微镜下先行致痫灶及颞叶基底部切除或胼胝体切开;而后对周围或广泛性棘波发放区施行多处软脑膜下横纤维切断,最后经皮层电极脑电图探查显示病变区癫痫样波形完全消失即完成手术。结果 195例患者,行大脑半球广泛单纯性MST者39例(20.00％);大脑半球表面蛛网膜粘连带切除减压+MST者21例(10.78％);颞尖部及颞叶基底部切除+颞叶新皮质MST者39例(20.00％);大脑半球局限性病变及致痫带切除+广泛性MST者50例(25.64％);病灶周边局限性MST者16例(8.21％);胼胝体前2/3切开+双额叶前部MST者30例(15.38％)。无一例发生手术死亡,亦未出现严重并发症。随访80例患者,优45例(56.25％),良20例(25.00％),中9例(11.25％),差6例(7.50％);有效率为92.50％,显效率为81.25％。结论 联合应用MST与致痫灶切除、颞叶内基底区切除或胼胝体切开是治疗难治性癫痫患者的有效方法,值得推广应用。     

Optimizing epilepsy surgery with intraoperative MR imaging

PURPOSE: The surgical treatment of medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy includes the resection of temporal lobe structures. Although the reported seizure-free outcomes are highly variable, there is growing evidence that the extent of resection of the mesiotemporal lobe directly correlates with seizure control. METHODS: A moveable, high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance (MR) system was used to monitor and optimize the resection of the amygdala and hippocampus in 14 epilepsy patients. Fourteen patients with intractable seizures of temporal lobe origin underwent standard preoperative investigations including MR imaging, EEG telemetry, single-photon emission computed tomography, and neuropsychologic and sodium amytal testing. Anterior temporal lobectomy was performed on 10 patients, whereas four were treated with selective amygdalohippocampectomy. Intraoperative electrocorticography was applied as required. For all procedures, the objective was to resect the amygdala completely, and hippocampus to the posterior margin of the brainstem. RESULTS: Interdissection intraoperative MR imaging taken when optimal resection was thought to have been achieved revealed residual unresected amygdala or hippocampus in seven of 14 patients. An unexpected acute hematoma was found in one patient. At 17 months' follow-up, 13 (93%) of 14 patients are seizure free or have significantly improved seizure control. CONCLUSIONS: The mobile high-field intraoperative MR system provides high-resolution images without restriction on surgical instruments or techniques. The ability to identify and resect residual mesial temporal lobe targets before craniotomy closure is of potentially tremendous value in optimizing seizure control.     

儿童难治性癫痫的外科治疗

目的 分析儿童难治性癫痫的病因、外科手术的适应证和预后.方法 回顾性分析采用外科手术治疗342例儿童癫痫的经验.结果 皮质发育障碍是本组儿童难治性癫痫的最重要病因,占18.4%.药物难治性癫痫综合征占13.5%.术后疗效Engel Ⅰ级158例,Ⅱ级76例,Ⅲ级61例,Ⅳ级47例.平均智商(1Q)从术前的69.2分提高到79.8分.术前显示智力低下者术后亦有明显改善.结论 早期外科干预能有效地控制癫痫发作、改善智力损害,智力低下不应是外科治疗的禁忌证.同时,正确认识儿童难治性癫痫的病凶和病理埘儿童癫痫的外科治疗具有重要作用.     

Surgical treatment for epilepsy

Nearly one-third of patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy will develop medically refractory seizure disorders. The initial response to antiepileptic drug therapy is highly predictive of long-term outcome. Patients with intractable epilepsy may have a progressive disorder that is medically, physically, and socially disabling. Surgical resection of the epileptogenic zone or lesional pathology, or both, may significantly reduce seizure tendency in selected patients. The present review supports the position that early and effective epilepsy surgery may not only render the patient with intractable partial epilepsy seizure-free, but also allow the individual to become a participating and productive member of society. Patients with surgically remediable epileptic syndromes should be identified early in the evaluation and treatment of their seizure disorders. Favorable candidates for focal cortical resection include individuals with medial temporal lobe epilepsy and partial seizures related to selected lesional pathology, e.g. primary brain tumor or vascular anomalies. In conclusion, surgical treatment of intractable partial epilepsy has been shown to compare favorably to antiepileptic drug therapy. Individuals rendered seizure-free may experience a significant improvement in quality of life. Patients who fail to respond to initial antiepileptic drug therapy should be “triaged” to a presurgical evaluation. Ictal semiology combined with structural magnetic resonance imaging and the electroclinical correlation may permit identification of candidates for early and effective surgical treatment.     

Surgical treatment of epilepsy: our experiences with 34 children

Surgical treatment of medically intractable epileptic fits in children is highly specialized, owing to the specific etiology of epilepsies in this age group and the epileptogenic property of the brain in childhood. In our series of 340 patients operated on for medically intractable epileptic seizures, there were 34 (10%) patients up to 15 years of age (the youngest was 2 years old; mean age was 11 years). This group of patients comprises four subgroups: 9 patients with temporal foci, 6 patients with extratemporal foci, 16 patients with infantile hemiplegia and epilepsy, and 3 patients with epilepsia partialis continua (Kozhevnikov's disease). Preoperatively, detectable brain lesions were present in 30 (88%) cases, a much higher frequency than in adult surgical series. Postoperative follow-up so far is 1–14 years (mean, 4 years). Surgical outcome in this group of 34 patients is as follows: 21 (62%) are seizure-free, 8 (23%) have improved, and 5 (15%) have shown no improvement.     

Neuroimaging of the Complications of Epilepsy Surgery

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stroke-like symptoms can be associated with the invasive evaluation and surgical resection of epileptic foci in patients with intractable epilepsy. Neurological deficits following surgical procedures for epilepsy are not uncommon, but most are relatively minor and transient. The authors investigated the neuroimaging patterns of cerebral tissue insults in patients suffering neurological deficits directly related to procedures performed to evaluate and treat intractable epilepsy. They attempted to discern potential secondary vascular insults from the not unexpected tissue loss that can be associated with various epilepsy procedures. METHODS: The authors prospectively assessed 7 consecutive patients who underwent either the invasive electrocortigraphic monitoring or surgical resection of epileptic foci. All had some degree of neurological deficit postoperatively. The authors evaluated for tissue injury type with postoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance brain imaging. They also review pertinent medical literature addressing potential complications of epilepsy surgery. RESULTS: Three patients had primarily ischemic tissue injuries, 2 had tissue loss with minor bleeding, and 1 transient deficit appeared to reflect the amount of tissue removed. Another patient had choreiform movements and gait ataxia 1 week after the procedure, but no follow-up neuroimaging was available. The primary ischemic insults appeared to be related to vascular traction or compression or possibly vasospasm. The tissue loss/hemorrhagic insults were presumably related to tissue loss, with seepage of blood or bleeding from a resected cavernous hemangioma. No patients died, but 1 was left with a persistent, moderately severe neurological deficit. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to distinguish the not unexpected neurological deficits associated with inadvertent trauma to normal brain tissue during procedures associated with epilepsy surgery from vascular insults. Postoperative neuroimaging can be useful in this endeavor.     

发作间期PET和MR海马像在难治性颞叶癫癇术前定侧中的应用

目的 探讨发作间期18FDG-PET和MR海马像在难治性颞叶癫(?)（TLE）致(?)源术前定侧中的价值。方法 对17例药物难治性TLE患者术前定侧资料及术后随诊情况进行分析。结果 本组患者中,有12例（71％）患者MR显示海马硬化（HS）,海马萎缩与信号改变常共存,T2加权像和FLAIR序列有利于显示信号的改变。HS侧多提示为致(?)源侧。PET检查均显示有至少一侧颞叶低代谢改变,并常多发或范围弥散。PET与MR的定侧准确率分别是100％（13/13）、77％（10/13）,经x2检验两者间无差异（P>0.05）。结论　18FDG-PET和MR海马像在致(?)源定侧中的作用是互补的,当颞叶低代谢侧与海马硬化侧相一致时手术效果较好。