survivin基因反义寡核苷酸对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721细胞凋亡与细胞周期的调控作用

目的研究survivin基因反义寡核苷酸转染对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721细胞周期、细胞凋亡的作用及其可能的作用机制。方法采用脂质体介导survivin基因反义寡核苷酸转染人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞,透射电镜观察细胞超微结构,流式细胞术检测细胞周期及细胞凋亡,RT-PCR方法检测cyclin B1 mRNA的表达。结果survivin反义寡核苷酸转染后细胞内cyclin B1表达由0.36±0.03增加至0.91±0.03,同时G2-M期细胞及凋亡细胞比例分别由5.81%及0.7%明显增加至42.11%及31.35%,同时细胞超微结构呈典型凋亡样改变。结论survivin基因反义寡核苷酸转染细胞后可以通过诱导cyclinB1的表达,导致G2-M期阻滞,从而诱导细胞凋亡的发生。survivin基因反义寡核苷酸转染可以作为治疗肝癌的重要新方法。     

丁酸钠对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721的诱导分化作用及其机制

目的 探讨丁酸钠(Sodium Butyrate,NaB)抑制人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721细胞生长、诱导其凋亡的分子机制.方法 采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法、倒置显微镜观察药物对细胞生长的影响并绘制细胞增殖抑制曲线;透射电镜观察细胞凋亡的形态变化;流式细胞术分析细胞周期;半定量RT-PCR方法检测细胞p21WAF1基因mRNA的表达水平;Western blot检测细胞p21WAF1蛋白的表达变化.结果 NaB对人肝癌细胞生长的抑制呈剂量依赖和时间依赖关系.将细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期,NaB上调p21WAF1 mRNA及蛋白的表达.结论 NaB具有抑制人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖、诱导其凋亡的作用,这种作用可能是通过上调p21WAF1 mRNA及蛋白完成的.     

AG1024对肝癌细胞系增殖与凋亡的影响

目的 探讨胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ型受体(IGF-IR)酪氨酸激酶阻断剂AG1024(3-溴-5-叔丁基-4-羟基苯叉苹果酸腈)对人肝癌癌细胞的增殖抑制作用和凋亡诱导作用.方法 采用MTY、流式细胞术、细胞侵袭实验、RT-PCR和Western blot等方法检测在不同浓度(0～40 μmol/L)的AG1024作用下,人肝癌细胞系HepG2和SMMC-7721的细胞形态学及分子生物学特性的改变.结果 MTT检测显示,AG1024剂量依赖性地抑制肝癌细胞的增殖.流式细胞术提示,AG1024明显促进肝癌细胞的凋亡.Transwell小室侵袭实验显示,AG1024能明显抑制肝癌细胞系HepG2和SMMC-7721的侵袭能力,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).RT-PCR结果显示,肝癌细胞中IGF-IR呈高表达,不同浓度AG1024作用后,剂量依赖性地增加细胞色素C的表达.Western blotting结果显示,AG1024降低胞外途径信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinase,ERK)的磷酸化水平,下调procaspase-3的表达,而总ERK保持不变.结论 AG1024阻断胰岛素样生长因子1型受体,从而阻断其下游的信号传导途径,抑制肝癌细胞的增生,诱导凋亡.     

Roscovitine对增生期肝癌细胞周期的影响

目的 探讨细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶抑制剂Roscovitine对增生期肝癌细胞SMMC-7721细胞周期的影响.方法 采用体外培养的肝癌细胞SMMC-7721,经过Roscovitine作用后,对SMMC-7721细胞的形态、生长情况、细胞周期时相的分布、凋亡以及CDK2、Caspase-3、bcl-2 mRNA的表达情况进行观察.结果 MTT提示:Roscovitine对SMMC-7721细胞的增生有抑制作用,作用效果呈时间、剂量依赖性,并促进细胞的凋亡;流式细胞仪发现G0期、G1期的比例增加,细胞出现凋亡;R-T PCR显示CDK2 mRNA表达水平降低,凋亡相关基因bel-2表达降低,Caspase-3 mRNA水平表达升高.结论 Roscovitine可以抑制增生期肝癌细胞的生长、增生,阻滞细胞周期于G0/G1期,诱导细胞的凋亡,凋亡机制与bcl-2、Caspase-3的表达改变有关.     

雷公藤红素诱导人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡研究

目的研究雷公藤红素对人肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721增殖及凋亡的影响,并初步探讨其可能的作用机理。方法体外培养SMMC-7721细胞,细胞接受雷公藤红素处理后,采用CCK-8实验及Annexin V-FITC/PI双染实验观察其对SMMC-7721细胞增殖及凋亡的影响;采用Caspase-3活性检测试剂盒测定Caspase-3活性及Western blot法检测SMMC-7721细胞中NF-κB蛋白的表达;同时用人肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721进行裸鼠成瘤实验,观察雷公藤红素对裸鼠成瘤的影响。结果雷公藤红素可以抑制SMMC-7721细胞增殖并呈浓度和时间依赖性;Annexin V-FITC/PI双染实验显示随着药物浓度的增加,出现凋亡的细胞明显增加;Caspase-3活性测定实验显示细胞接受雷公藤红素处理后,Caspase-3活性明显增强;Western blot实验显示SMMC-7721细胞接受雷公藤红素处理后,细胞中NF-κB蛋白表达下调,并呈现一定的时间依赖性。裸鼠成瘤实验显示,雷公藤红素可以抑制裸鼠种植瘤的生长。结论雷公藤红素能显著抑制SMMC-7721增殖并诱导其凋亡,并可以抑制裸鼠种植瘤的生长。雷公藤红素可能通过激活Caspase-3通路及抑制NF-κB通路诱导SMMC-7721细胞凋亡。     

腺病毒介导反义c-myc基因抑制人肝癌细胞生长的研究

目的观察重组腺病毒介导反义c-myc基因(Ad-ASmyc)对体外培养人肝癌细胞的生长抑制作用和裸鼠体内移植肝肿瘤的治疗效果.方法Ad-ASmyc感染人肝癌细胞系后,观察细胞生长形态变化,通过细胞生长曲线、流式细胞仪分析、逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)、免疫印迹法(Western blot)分析Ad-ASmyc对人肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721和HCC-9204细胞生长、c-myc和bcl-2基因表达的影响;裸鼠皮下移植瘤内注射3种不同剂量Ad-ASmyc(1×109pfu-A组,1×108pfu-B组,1×107pfu-C组)抑制裸鼠肿瘤生长的差异.结果Ad-ASmyc可高效转导人肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721和HCC-9204,抑制细胞生长(抑制率分别为48.72%和56.88%),诱导肝癌细胞G1期阻滞和凋亡,c-myc、bcl-2 RNA及c-myc蛋白水平下降;瘤内注射3种不同剂量Ad-ASmyc均可明显抑制裸鼠皮下移植肿瘤生长,抑制率分别为47.1%、77.3%和82.6%(与对照组比较,P＜0.01).结论重组腺病毒介导的反义c-myc基因能够引起人肝癌细胞c-myc、bcl-2 RNA及c-myc蛋白表达下调和细胞生长抑制,瘤内注射Ad-ASmyc治疗裸鼠皮下移植肝癌有效.     

槲皮素联合survivin反义核苷酸对肝癌细胞凋亡协同作用的研究

目的 探讨槲皮素联合survivin反义核苷酸(ASODN)对肝癌SSMC-7721细胞株增殖、凋亡和细胞周期的影响.方法 常规培养SSMC-7721细胞,用四甲基偶氮唑盐法(MTT法)评价survivin ASODN联合槲皮素对肝癌细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞仪(FCM)检测细胞凋亡率和细胞周期;荧光染色观察细胞形态学变化;并通过RT-PCR和免疫组化方法检测survivin基因表达变化.结果 survivin反义寡核苷酸转染SSMC-7721细胞后,可以显著抑制细胞增殖,其抑制作用具有剂量依赖性,且能诱导肝癌细胞凋亡;联合槲皮索和survivin反义寡核苷酸抑制作用更为显著(t=4.317,P<0.01);RT-PCR及免疫组化显示ASODN和槲皮素均使survivin mRNA和蛋白表达下降.结论 survivin基因反义寡核苷酸联合槲皮素能明显抑制肝癌SSMC-7721细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡和下调survivin基因表达;两者具有协同作用.     

Lupeol对肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨羽扁豆醇(lupeol)对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞生长和凋亡的作用及机制。方法〓采用MTT法检测lupeol对肝癌细胞 SMMC-7721和正常肝细胞L-02的增殖抑制作用,流式细胞法检测细胞凋亡情况,Western blot检测TRAIL受体及抗凋亡蛋白表达变化,比色法分析caspase-8、-9、-3酶活性改变。结果〓lupeol对SMMC-7721细胞具有明显的增殖抑制作用(IC50=40 μmol/L),而对正常肝细胞L-02无细胞毒作用;lupeol在30、40、50 μmol/L浓度范围诱导SMMC-7721细胞48小时的凋亡率分别为5.5%、12.6%、28%;抗凋亡蛋白c-FLIPL表达下调,caspase-8及caspase-3活性增强均呈剂量依赖性。结论〓Lupeol通过下调c-FLIPL表达激活caspase通路诱导肝癌细胞凋亡,对肝癌细胞增殖发挥抑制作用。     

HDAC抑制剂SAHA对人肝癌细胞分化诱导作用的研究

目的 探讨组蛋白去乙酰化酶(histone deacetylases,HDAC)抑制剂SAHA(suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid)对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的分化诱导作用.方法 倒置显微镜观察SAHA对SMMC-7721细胞形态的影响;MTT比色法测定SAHA对SMMC-7721细胞增殖的抑制情况;免疫细胞化学检测SAHA对SMMC-7721细胞中甲胎蛋白(AFP)和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达的影响;流式细胞术(FCM)分析细胞周期;RT-PCR方法榆测处理前后SMMC-7721细胞p21WAF1基因mRNA的表达变化.结果 实验组细胞增殖速度显著减慢,与正常细胞形念变化相似;MTT比色法测定结果显示不同浓度SAHA对SMMC-7721细胞的增殖均有抑制作用,并有明显的剂量依赖和时间依赖关系;免疫细胞化学检测显示SAHA能显著降低PCNA和AFP在SMMC-7721细胞中的表达;流式细胞仪检测结果显示,SMMC-7721细胞经SAHA处理后,G0/G1期细胞明显增加,S期细胞则明显减少,细胞被阻滞于G0/G1期;RT-PCR检测结果表明,实验组细胞中p21WAF1 mRNA的表达明显增加.结论 SAHA对人肝癌细胞具有显著的诱导分化作用,诱导肝癌细胞分化的机理可能与抑制HDAC的活性,上调p21 WAF1 mRNA表达,及阻滞肝癌细胞G0/G1期有关.     

5-氮杂胞苷对SMMC-7721细胞增殖与侵袭的影响及作用机制

目的 观察5-氮杂胞苷（5-Aza-CdR）对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721细胞增殖及侵袭的影响,并探讨其可能的机制。方法 常规方法培养SMMC-7721细胞,加入不同浓度的5-氮杂胞苷,以CCK-8法测定终浓度为0、5、10、25、50 umol/L的5-氮杂胞苷对SMMC-7721细胞作用24、48、72 h后增殖的影响,并计算细胞生长抑制率;Transwell小室侵袭实验检测各不同浓度5-氮杂胞苷处理SMMC-7721细胞后24 h后的细胞侵袭能力特点;Western blotting法检测Caspase-3、MMP-2的表达。结果 5-氮杂胞苷能显著抑制人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721细胞增殖,并呈时间浓度依赖性（P＜0.05）;与对照组相比,随5-氮杂胞苷浓度增加Caspase-3明显增加,MMP-2蛋白表达量明显增加。结论 5-氮杂胞苷对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721细胞增殖有明显抑制作用,且表现为时间浓度依赖性,其机制可能与上调Caspase-3蛋白表达量,诱导细胞凋亡,及对细胞的直接毒性作用有关。5-氮杂胞苷能增强人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721细胞的侵袭能力,其机制可能与上调MMP-2蛋白表达量有关。     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.