影像辅助小切口切除颅内病灶

目的探讨在影像辅助下利用立体定向和导航系统进行手术小切口切除颅内病灶的可行性.方法47例患者术前行CT或MR扫描,分别利用神经导航系统及立体定向仪定出手术切口、骨窗大小,指示手术入路.结果47例患者中26例采用神经导航手术,骨窗平均3.6cm×4.1cm大小;21例采用立体定向环钻开颅术,骨窗直径1.8～4.0cm,所有病变均全切除.结论在影像辅助下采用神经导航系统及立体定向进行手术,有利于减小手术切口和骨窗大小、减少损伤和并发症.     

CT、MRI引导下无框架立体定向机器人脑内病灶活检87例的临床报告

图像引导的无框架立体定向机器人脑深部病变活检术是明确脑内病变病理学性质的有效方法,既补充了影像技术对病变定性诊断的不足,又避免深部病变开颅手术导致神经功能损害。无框架立体定向机器人活检术定位精确,创伤小,并发症少,不     

医苑新技

第四军医大学脑立体定向开放手术疗效好第三军医大学推出ZHJ０２型两栖装甲救护车传统的开颅手术由于病灶寻找困难，易造成脑组织和血管的损伤。脑立体定向开放手术方法是将立体定向技术与神经外科显微技术相结合，定位精确，脑组织附加损伤小，术后反应轻。第四军医大学西京医院的科技人员在吸收引进国外先进技术的基础上，结合我国国情，自行研制改进了脑立体定向仪。该院采用立体定向开放手术治疗各种颅内病变共５１９例，取得良好的疗效。全部患者经平均随访３年，均健康生存。该成果荣获了２００１年度军队医疗成果二等奖。第三军医…     

脑立体定向术及其应用

脑的立体定向术是利用立体定向仪通过几何学的座标原理建立座标系,对脑深部结构或病变行立体定位和/或导向的方法。最初是以常规X线技术定位,行定向手术治疗帕金森氏病、癫痫、血肿清除以及埋藏胶囊或放射性材料等。现在,随着CT装置的普及,也已发展了CT立体定向系统。本文讨论189例常规立体定向术的体会。     

脑立体定向手术护理

脑立体定向手术是利用立体定向仪 ,将手术器械如脑穿刺针 ,射频或双电极 ,脑组织活检针 ,引流等等 ,通过颅骨钻孔送到脑深部 ,某些病变结构中进行手术 ,以达到减轻或消除颅内压迫症状 ,消除血肿 ,抽出其中瘤囊液 ,脑立体定向手术方法简便准确 ,脑组织损伤小 ,术后并发症少 ,自1997年至 1998年 3月应用立体定向治疗高血压性脑出血16例 ,男 10例 ,女 6例 ,年龄在 46～ 71岁 ,收到良好的治疗效果。1　手术方法　我院引进国产ＢＨ -Ⅲ型立体定向仪 ,局麻下常规ＣＴ引导立体血肿排空手术 ,根据坐标植 ,安装定向仪导向系统 ,固定导向穿刺针避开脑…     

框架立体定向手术计划系统在脑内血肿中的应用

目的 :探讨框架立体定向手术计划系统在脑内血肿中的应用。方法 :选择自发性脑内血肿患者64例,随机分成框架立体定向组(观察组)31例和开颅血肿清除组(对照组)33例。应用手术计划系统结合CT扫描数据,将CT图像与立体定向仪融合,计算靶点坐标,设计手术方案,辅助尿激酶溶吸术。观察并对比2组临床疗效。结果:入院时2组神经功能斯堪的纳维亚卒中量表(SSS)评分,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗2周时,SSS评估,观察组神经功能恢复明显好于对照组(P0.05)。随访1个月时,日常生活能力分级评定,观察组神经功能恢复明显优于对照组(P0.05)。依据手术方案实施精确定位的立体定向手术,能够达到满意的临床治疗效果。结论:立体定向手术计划系统能精准定位脑内血栓,辅助尿激酶溶吸术效果显著,与手术清除血肿比较,能有效提高临床疗效,降低并发症风险。     

脑立体定向手术5 100例临床研究

目的 探讨脑立体定向手术的手术特点、手术适应证及并发症等问题.方法 总结5 100例 (年龄2个月至90岁) 手术的临床经验,主要手术包括:脑肿瘤的内放疗 (植入同位素胶体32P或籽粒125Ⅰ、192Ⅰr)、脑内血肿排空、脑深部病变活检、脑内深部核团毁损、脑深部金属异物摘除和神经干细胞移植术等.结果 临床施行立体定位脑手术5 100例,本组手术一次定位成功率 99.8%,手术总有效率(术后1个月)81.1%;手术并发症以穿刺道出血为主,共13例 (0.25%).结论 本组立体定向手术与常规开颅手术比较,具有操作简便、手术创伤小、疗效可靠、患者术后恢复快、并发症少等优点,在神经外科手术中具有较大的发展前景.     

锁孔手术切除听神经瘤11例分析

锁孔手术是指经过头部体表微小切口入路，达到颅内深部靶区进行显微神经外科手术。锁孔手术是现代神经外科追求微创而发展起来的新技术，是显微神经外科发展的新高度。锁孔手术在处理颅底及肺深部病变的可行性及微创性已得到公认。我院2003年3月～2008年2月应用锁孔手术切除听神经瘤11例，取得满意效果．现报道如下。     

微创切除颅内肿瘤80例临床分析

神经影像学和立体定位技术相结合对脑内病灶和重要结构定位准确,使得手术在影像定位引导下微侵袭地完成,较常规手术有明显的优势。我科自1998年6月～2003年7月应用简易CT立体定位小骨窗开颅显微切除颅内肿瘤80例,取得了较好疗效,现报道如下。1　对象和方法1.1　研究对象　本组8     

CT引导立体定向脑深部病变活检方法的研究

采用ＣＴ引导立体定向技术对２４１例脑深部病变行活检术。用１５３例，女８８例。病变在鞍区４４例，基底节４３例，脑深部或脑主要功能区５５例，第三脑室后脑３５例，颅内多发病灶２８例，脑室内１７例，小脑半球内１３例，脑干内６例。病变累及范围直径１．０－８．５ｃｍ，平均３．５ｃｍ，实质性病灶多在２．０ｃｍ以内。     

内窥镜激光立体定向术在神经外科治疗中的应用

作者用内窥镜激光立体定向术治疗了１２例脑深部及功能区病变。其中切除脑肿瘤６例；去除脑脓肿２例；脑寄生虫摘除１例；颅内金属异物摘除３例。所有病例进行了内窥镜直视下的活检。取得较好的临床效果。认为此种手术具有创伤小，直视下操作及并发症少等优点。     

Intraoperative MR imaging guidance for intracranial neurosurgery: experience with the first 200 cases

PURPOSE: To review preliminary experience with an open-bore magnetic resonance (MR) imaging system for guidance in intracranial surgical procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A vertically oriented, open-configuration 0.5-T MR imager was housed in a sterile procedure room. Receive and transmit surface coils were wrapped around the patient's head, and images were displayed on monitors mounted in the gap of the magnet and visible to surgeons. During 2 years, 200 intracranial procedures were performed. RESULTS: There were 111 craniotomies, 68 biopsies, 12 intracranial cyst evaluations, four subdural drainages, and five transsphenoidal pituitary resections performed with the intraoperative MR unit. In each case, the intraoperative MR system yielded satisfactory results by allowing the radiologist to guide surgeons toward lesions and to assist in treatment. In two patients, hyperacute hemorrhage was noted and removed. The duration of the procedure and the complication rate were similar to those of conventional surgery. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative MR imaging was successfully implemented for a variety of intracranial procedures and provided continuous visual feedback, which can be helpful in all stages of neurosurgical intervention without affecting the duration of the procedure or the incidence of complications. This system has potential advantages over conventional frame-based and frameless stereotactic procedures with respect to the safety and effectiveness of neurosurgical interventions.     

Prospective stereotaxy: a novel method of trajectory alignment using real-time image guidance

PURPOSE: To describe prospective stereotaxy, a novel method of trajectory alignment that works in real-time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective stereotaxy was used in minimally-invasive neurosurgical procedures in 74 patients since February 1999. This methodology differs from framed and frameless stereotaxy, both of which are based on retrospective data. Rather, prospective stereotaxy uses real-time MR images to align a surgical trajectory. RESULTS: Phantom tests and clinical procedures in all patients were successfully performed using prospective stereotaxy. In all cases, surgical targets were accessed, and the diagnostic yield of neurobiopsy using prospective stereotaxy was 100%. CONCLUSION: Prospective stereotaxy is applicable to all cross-sectional imaging, and is particularly useful for MR- and CT-guided interventions. The method is simple, reproducible, and accurate in surgical targeting for neurobiopsy and electrode placement. It does not require cumbersome stereotactic frames or expensive optical detectors, and it offers immediate entry into the field of interventional MR with cylindrical MR scanners.     

术中超声在颅内占位病灶切除中的应用探讨

目的：探讨术中超声在颅内占位病灶切除术中的应用效果。方法对23例颅内占位手术患者进行术中超声定位,选择手术路径,并判定病灶完整切除程度。结果23例颅内占位切除术中,22例术中超声定位准确,准确率达95.65﹪,仅1例误判行了再次手术;23例颅内占位病灶均完整切除,无死亡及严重并发症病例。结论术中超声能准确显示病灶的位置和范围,有助于术中病灶定位,减少正常脑组织的损伤,并判断病灶完整切除程度,对＜3cm的深部病灶尤具优势;高分辨率的超声探头及有经验的医师操作在术中至关重要。     

Techniques for intracranial stent navigation in patients with tortuous vessels

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In some patients with stenosis of an intracranial artery, navigating the balloon or stent-delivery system is difficult of tortuous anatomy of the aortic arch, carotid arteries, or vertebral arteries Our purpose was to describe techniques of intracranial stent placement that help in navigating the stent-delivery system in tortuous vessels. METHODS: Between May 1998 and June 2004, 73 symptomatic stenotic (>50%) intracranial arteries were successfully treated with stent-assisted angioplasty. In 11 cases, standard techniques of navigating the stent-delivery system into the intended lesion failed because of vascular tortuosity. In these difficult cases, several techniques were used to overcome the tortuosity. Five lesions were located in the middle cerebral arteries, four were in the supraclinoid internal carotid arteries, and two were in the distal vertebral arteries. RESULTS: In all difficult cases, stents were successfully placed in the intracranial artery by using several techniques: 1) waiting method in which we waited for 20-30 minutes after advancement of the microwire across the lesion, 2) the double-wire technique, and 3) the coaxial double-guiding catheter technique. The waiting method made smooth stent navigation possible in five cases, the double-wire technique was successful in four cases, and the coaxial double-guiding catheter technique was effective in two cases. No technique-related complications occurred. CONCLUSION: In difficult cases in which standard techniques of navigating the stent-delivery system into the intended lesion fail because of vascular tortuosity, our techniques were useful methods for intracranial stent navigation.     

颅内病变三维CT成像技术的临床应用

目的：探讨三维ＣＴ成像在颅内病变中的临床应用价值。材料与方法：对７１例颅内病变患者行螺旋ＣＴ增强扫描,然后对颅内血管和／或病变进行三维重建。其中２３例进行ＣＴ血管造影（ＣＴＡ）扫描,４８例非ＣＴＡ扫描。结果：（１）２３例ＣＴＡ扫描者,血管表面遮盖法（ＳＳＤ）与最大强度投影法（ＭＩＰ）重建都能显示颅内动脉的第３组分支。ＳＳＤ对显示血管的立体空间关系比较直观;ＭＩＰ图像类似ＤＳＡ图像。（２）３３例颅内     

Virtual endoscopy combined with intraoperative neuronavigation for planning of endoscopic surgery in patients with occlusive hydrocephalus and intracranial cysts

We assessed the clinical value of MR ventriculoscopy (virtual endoscopy, VE) combined with image-guided frameless stereotaxy for endoscopic surgery of occlusive hydrocephalus and intracranial cysts. VE was obtained in 20 patients with hydrocephalus and three with intracranial cysts. All surgical operations were endoscopic. The path of the rigid endoscope to the target point was planned using neuronavigation. VE was carried out along the same trajectory retrospectively in 20 cases and prospectively in three. The results were analysed for demonstration of anatomical landmarks and structures at risk. VE was successful in all patients. Possible obstacles to endoscopic access to the lamina terminalis and the basal cisterns and structures at risk, such as the basilar artery, were clearly shown in relation to the direction of the endoscope. However, the floor of the third ventricle and septum pellucidum were not clearly seen and possible abnormalities could therefore not be appreciated. VE can provide realistic simulation of endoscopic third ventriculostomy and cystostomy. The appropriate trepanation point and trajectory of the endoscope can be assessed with regard to the size of the foramen of Monro and the position of vulnerable structures. This simulated trajectory can be adapted to the field of operation by image-guided neuronavigation. This regime may potentially reduce the risk of damage to intracranial structures.     

Direct cervical arterial access for intracranial endovascular treatment

Introduction Tortuous vasculature is a cause of failure of endovascular treatment of intracranial vascular lesions. We report our experience of direct cervical accesses in patients in whom the arterial femoral route was not attainable.Methods In this retrospective study, 42 direct punctures of the carotid or the vertebral arteries at the neck were performed in 38 patients. The vessel harboring the intracranial lesion was punctured at the neck above the main tortuosity, a sheath was then positioned under fluoroscopic control to allow a stable access to the intracranial circulation. After the procedure, the sheath was removed and hemostasis was gained either by manual compression or by an arterial closure device (4 of 42, 9%).Results The cervical route allowed access to all intracranial lesions in all 42 procedures. A complication was encountered in six procedures (14%) related to the direct puncture. In 2 of the 42 procedures (4%), a transient vasospasm was encountered. A cervical hematoma formed in 3 of the 42 procedures (7%) after sheath withdrawal (one patient in whom an 8F sheath had been used, required surgical evacuation of a hematoma compressing the upper airways; the other patients did well without surgical evacuation). In the remaining patient (1 of 42 procedures, 2%), a small asymptomatic aneurysm at the puncture site was seen on the follow-up angiogram.Conclusion Direct cervical arterial approaches to accessing the intracranial circulation is effective in patients in whom the femoral route does not allow the navigation and stabilization of guiding catheters.     

Intracranial alveolar echinococcosis: CT and MRI

Intracranial alveolar echinococcosis is uncommon. We report a patient with right frontal lobe and palpebral lesions secondary to a primary hepatic focus with secondary lesion in the lung. The intracranial and palpebral cystic masses were totally removed and both proved to be alveolar hydatid cysts. An unusual feature in this case is CT and MRI demonstration of dural and bony extension.     

神经内镜治疗颅内疾病54例报告

目的探讨神经内镜治疗相关颅内疾病的适应证、手术方法及疗效。方法应用微创技术治疗颅内疾病54例,根据不同的病种分别选择不同的手术方式:包括三脑室底造瘘术、蛛网膜囊肿造瘘或剥离术、透明隔囊肿双向造瘘术、肿瘤切除术等。结果16例婴幼儿脑积水术后临床症状缓解,脑积水不同程度减轻。24例蛛网膜囊肿术后颅内高压缓解,囊肿缩小14例,无变化10例。5例透明隔囊肿术后不同程度缩小,3例术后症状消失,2例尚有症状。6例垂体腺瘤术后症状缓解,5例内分泌症状减轻,2例有肿瘤复发趋势。3例脑室内实性肿瘤,术后6月1例死亡,l例肿瘤复发,1例无变化。结论神经内镜治疗颅内疾病重在病种选择。以处理脑积水和囊性病变效果最佳,且主要以造瘘术为主,深部病变宜配合立体定向技术为好,单纯用内镜处理实性肿瘤较为困难。