胰胆舒胶囊联合生长抑素治疗重症急性胰腺炎的临床研究

目的研究胰胆舒胶囊联合注射用生长抑素治疗重症急性胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法选取2017年12月—2018年12月乐山市人民医院治疗的100例重症急性胰腺炎患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将所有患者分为对照组和治疗组,每组各50例。对照组患者静脉滴注注射用生长抑素,将6 mg注射用生长抑素溶于100 mL生理盐水中,采用微量泵缓静滴24 h,静脉滴注速度0.25 mg/h。治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上口服胰胆舒胶囊,3粒/次,3次/d。两组患者均接受治疗14 d。观察两组患者的临床疗效,同时比较两组的临床症状缓解时间、生化指标和炎症因子水平。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为80.00%、94.00%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者腹水消失时间、腹痛消失时间、血淀粉酶恢复时间、排气恢复时间均显著短于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清淀粉酶(AMS)、血清脂肪酶(LPS)和门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);并且治疗组生化指标水平显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);并且治疗组炎症因子水平显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胰胆舒胶囊联合注射用生长抑素治疗重症急性胰腺炎具有较好的临床疗效,能够改善患者临床症状和生化指标水平,安全性较高,值得在临床上推广应用。     

胰胆舒胶囊联合乌司他丁治疗急性胰腺炎的临床研究

目的探究胰胆舒胶囊联合乌司他丁治疗急性胰腺炎的临床效果。方法选取2019年1月—2020年1月来武警特色医学中心和南开医院进行治疗的120例急性胰腺炎患者,随机分成对照组(n=60)和治疗组(n=60)。对照组静脉滴注注射用乌司他丁,10万U与生理盐水250mL混合,2次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上口服胰胆舒胶囊,3粒/次,3次/d。两组均连续治疗14 d。观察两组临床疗效,对两组的临床症状缓解时间、各生化指标水平和炎症因子水平进行比较。结果治疗后,治疗组的总有效率为96.67%,显著高于对照组的75.00%(P0.05)。治疗组体温恢复时间、排气恢复时间、血淀粉酶恢复时间、尿淀粉酶恢复时间、恶心/呕吐消失时间、腹痛消失时间、腹水消失时间均显著短于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、血清淀粉酶(AMS)、血清脂肪酶(LPS)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)均显著降低(P0.05);治疗后治疗组患者各生化指标水平均低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组的血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均显著降低,但血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平均升高(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组CRP、IL-6、TNF-α低于对照组,而IL-10高于对照组(P0.05)。结论胰胆舒胶囊联合乌司他丁治疗急性胰腺炎具有较好的临床疗效,能够快速缓解临床症状,改善各生化指标,缓解炎性反应,且无明显不良反应,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

胰胆舒胶囊联合亚胺培南西司他丁钠治疗急性重症胰腺炎的临床研究

目的探讨胰胆舒胶囊联合亚胺培南西司他丁钠治疗急性重症胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法选取2019年3月—2020年4月在南阳市中心医院进行治疗的86例急性重症胰腺炎患者,根据就诊顺序分为对照组(43例)和治疗组(43例)。对照组静脉滴注注射用亚胺培南西司他丁钠,1.0g/次,同0.9%氯化钠注射液100mL配伍,每8小时1次;治疗组在对照组基础上口服胰胆舒胶囊,2g/次,3次/d。两组均经2周治疗后进行效果对比。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组临床症状消失时间、血清学指标、肠道屏障功能指标。结果经治疗,对照组总有效率为81.40%,显著低于治疗组(97.67%,P0.05)。经治疗,治疗组在口干、腹痛、恶心呕吐、痞满燥实、小便短赤等症状消失时间上均短于对照组(P0.05)。经治疗,两组血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、微管相关蛋白1轻链3(MAP1-LC3)、可溶性髓系细胞触发受体-1(s TREM-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、P物质、降钙素原(PCT)水平均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组患者血清学指标低于对照组(P0.05)。经治疗,两组血清淀粉酶(AMS)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)、D-乳酸水平均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),并以治疗组降低更显著(P0.05)。结论胰胆舒胶囊联合注射用亚胺培南西司他丁钠治疗急性重症胰腺炎患者具有较好的疗效,可有效改善患者临床症状,降低机体炎症反应,有利于机体肠道功能的恢复,有着良好临床应用价值。     

清胰汤加减对急性胰腺炎患者胃肠功能及WBC、AMS水平的影响

目的：探讨清胰汤加减对急性胰腺炎患者胃肠功能及白细胞计数(WBC)、血淀粉酶(AMS)水平的影响。方法：选取2020-01～2020-12新郑市人民医院收治的92例急性胰腺炎患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组,各46例。观察组采用乌司他丁、注射用生长抑素联合清胰汤加减治疗,对照组患者使用注射用乌司他丁和注射用生长抑素治疗。分别于治疗前、治疗2周后,比较两组患者WBC、AMS水平;治疗期间,记录两组患者胃肠功能的恢复时间和不良反应发生情况。结果：在治疗期间,观察组排气、排便及肠鸣音恢复时间均比对照组更短(P<0.05);治疗2周后,两组患者WBC及AMS水平较治疗前降低,且观察组更低(P<0.05);治疗期间,两组不良反应发生率对比(P>0.05)。结论：急性胰腺炎患者采用清胰汤加减治疗有利于调节患者WBC及AMS的水平,恢复患者胃肠功能,且不增加不良反应,安全可靠。     

清胰汤加减防治ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及急性胰腺炎的临床观察

目的观察清胰汤防治ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症和急性胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法 58例ERCP术后患者随机分为中药组(29例)和对照组(29例),均给予常规治疗;中药组加用清胰汤。观察两组患者ERCP术后出现高淀粉酶血症和急性胰腺炎例数,血清淀粉酶水平的变化,血淀粉酶恢复正常和临床症状缓解时间。结果中药组患者术后高淀粉酶血症或急性胰腺炎的发生例数明显少于对照组,血清淀粉酶上升幅度明显低于对照组(P<0.05~0.01),血淀粉酶水平恢复正常和临床症状缓解时间较对照组缩明显短(P<0.05)。结论清胰汤能减少ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及急性胰腺炎的发生,加快血淀粉酶恢复和临床症状的缓解。     

丹参注射液对急性胰腺炎患者血清肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素6水平的影响

目的 观察丹参注射液对急性胰腺炎(AP)患者血清肿瘤坏死因子α( TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平的影响.方法 将70例AP患者随机分为观察组和对照组,两组均采用常规抗炎、抑酸、解痉、抑制胰液分泌治疗,观察组加用丹参注射液.两组均于治疗前,治疗后1、2、4、6d分别测血清TNF-α、IL-6水平,并观察血、尿淀粉酶恢复正常所用的时间.结果 治疗后2、4、6d,观察组血清TNF-α、IL-6水平均低于对照组(均P＜0.05);观察组血淀粉酶(AMS)恢复正常时间为(2.55±0.71)d,与对照组的(2.46±0.82)d差异无统计学意义(t =0.32,P＞0.05),而观察组尿AMS恢复正常时间为(4.30±0.72)d,短于对照组的(6.84±0.88)d(t =0.02,P＜0.05).结论 丹参注射液对降低AP患者血清TNF-α、IL-6水平,具有一定作用,对血淀粉酶无影响,具有较快降低尿淀粉酶的作用.     

清胰利胆颗粒联合乌司他丁和生长抑素治疗急性重症胰腺炎的临床研究

目的探讨清胰利胆颗粒联合乌司他丁和生长抑素治疗急性重症胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法选取2015年3月—2016年3月在海南医学院附属医院接受治疗的急性胰腺炎患者88例,根据治疗方案的差别分为对照组和治疗组,每组各44例。对照组给予注射用乌司他丁,10万U微量泵24 h持续输入;同时给予注射用生长抑素,6 mg/d,微量泵24 h持续输入。治疗组在对照组基础上口服清胰利胆颗粒,1袋/次,3次/d。两组患者均治疗7 d。观察两组患者的临床疗效,比较两组的临床症状消失时间、炎性因子、淀粉酶(AMS)、脂肪酶(LPS)和对氧磷酶1(PON1)的变化。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为81.82%、95.45%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组腹胀、腹痛、恶心呕吐及腹膜刺激征消失时间明显短于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)的水平均显著降低,而白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的水平明显升高,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组这些观察指标的改善程度明显优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者AMS和LPS水平显著降低,而PON1水平明显升高,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组这些观察指标的改善程度明显优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论清胰利胆颗粒联合乌司他丁和生长抑素治疗急性重症胰腺炎疗效显著,可明显改善患者临床症状,降低血清炎性因子水平,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

清胰利胆颗粒联合异甘草酸镁治疗急性胰腺炎的临床研究

目的探讨清胰利胆颗粒联合异甘草酸镁注射液治疗急性胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法选取2015年12月—2017年12月东台市人民医院收治的120例急性胰腺炎患者作为研究对象,将患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各60例。对照组患者静脉滴注异甘草酸镁注射液,将10 mg溶于10%葡萄糖注射液250 m L中,1次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上口服清胰利胆颗粒,1袋/次,3次/d。两组患者均持续治疗14 d。观察两组患者的临床疗效,比较两组的临床症状缓解时间、血清炎性因子水平和生化指标水平。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为76.67%、93.33%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者腹水消失时间、腹痛消失时间、排气恢复时间、尿淀粉酶恢复时间和血淀粉酶恢复时间显著短于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组血清炎性因子水平明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清淀粉酶(AMS)、血清脂肪酶(LPS)水平均显著降低,对氧磷酶1(PON1)水平显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组生化指标明显优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论清胰利胆颗粒联合异甘草酸镁注射液治疗急性胰腺炎疗效显著,能有效缓解患者临床症状,改善血清炎性因子水平和相关生化指标,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

兰索拉唑治疗十二指肠溃疡的效果评价

目的:分析兰索拉唑治疗十二指肠溃疡的临床疗效。方法:随机抽取66例十二指肠溃疡患者,根据给药分为治疗组(注射用兰索拉唑治疗)和对照组(注射用奥美拉唑钠治疗),每组33例患者,对比两组患者治疗效果。结果:两组患者治疗总有效率、溃疡及上腹痛消失时间、不良反应发生率对比(P0.05)。结论:注射用兰索拉唑治疗十二指肠溃疡的临床疗效显著,安全有效,应用价值确切。     

清胰利胆颗粒联合五水头孢唑林钠用于ERCP术后并发胰腺炎的疗效观察

目的 探讨清胰利胆颗粒联合五水头孢唑林钠在内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)术后并发胰腺炎中的疗效.方法 将62例行ERCP术后并发胰腺炎的患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组31例,对照组给予清胰利胆颗粒,1袋/次,3次/d;观察组在对照组基础上静脉滴注给予五水头孢唑林钠2.0 g,1次/d,连续用药7 d.比较2组患者治疗前后临床疗效、临床症状消失时间、炎性因子、淀粉酶(AMS)、脂肪酶(LPS)及对氧磷酶1(PON1)的变化.结果 观察组临床疗效显著优于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组治疗后比较,观察组患者治疗后临床症状如腹胀、腹痛、恶心呕吐及腹膜刺激消失时间均显著短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗后IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05),IL-10水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗后患者血清AMS和LPS显著低于对照组(P<0.05),PON1水平显著高于对照组治疗后(P<0.05).结论 五水头孢唑林钠联合清胰利胆颗粒治疗ERCP术后并发胰腺炎的临床疗效优于五水头孢唑林钠单用的效果,值得临床上推广应用.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.