Local infiltration for postsurgical analgesia following total hip arthroplasty: a comparison of liposomal bupivacaine to traditional bupivacaine

Objective: To assess postsurgical clinical and economic outcomes of patients who received local infiltration containing liposomal bupivacaine versus traditional bupivacaine for pain management following total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods: This retrospective study included two groups of consecutive patients undergoing THA. The experimental group received local infiltration with a combination of liposomal bupivacaine, bupivacaine HCl 0.25% with epinephrine 1:200,000, and ketorolac for postsurgical analgesia. The historical control group received the previous standard of care: local infiltration with a combination of bupivacaine HCl 0.25% with epinephrine 1:200,000 and ketorolac. Key outcomes included distance walked, length of stay (LOS), opioid medication use, numeric pain scores, hospital charges, hospital costs, all-cause 30?day readmission rate, and adverse events (AEs). Both unadjusted and adjusted (i.e. age, sex, insurance type, living situation, body mass index, procedure side, and comorbidity) outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Results: The experimental group (n?=?64) demonstrated statistically significant improvement versus the historical control group (n?=?66) in mean distance walked on discharge day (249.2 vs. 180.0 feet; unadjusted p?=?.025, adjusted p?=?.070), mean LOS (2.0 vs. 2.7 days; p?p?=?.002), proportion of patients who used opioid rescue medication on postoperative day (POD) 1 (29.7% vs. 56.1%; p?=?.002, p?=?.003) and POD 2 (7.8% vs. 30.3%; p?=?.001, p?=?.003), mean cumulative area under the curve for pain score on POD 0 (127.6 vs. 292.5; p?p?p?=?.006, both). Among a subgroup of patients with available financial information, mean hospital charges were lower in the experimental group ($43,794 [n?=?24] vs. $48,010 [n?=?66]; p?Conclusions: Infiltration at the surgical site with liposomal bupivacaine was associated with improved postsurgical outcomes when compared with traditional bupivacaine in patients undergoing THA.     

中年患者生物型全髋置换和骨水泥全髋置换的效果分析

目的探讨中年患者生物型全髋置换和骨水泥全髋置换后的效果比较。方法 2008年3月～2010年3月来本院治疗髋骨的患者,采用生物型全髋置换的中年患者为A组,采用骨水泥全髋置换的中年患者为B组,每组50例。结果 A组中治疗很满意的患者为42例,2例患者不满意;B组患者很满意为30例,不满意的有6例。A组中有2例患者的全髋置换处出现松动,B组有6例患者有髋骨松动、髋骨疼痛等多发不良症状。结论随访比较分析发现,生物型全髋置换的治疗效果更好,患者的满意度高,值得临床推广。     

Thromboprophylaxis,bleeding and post-operative prosthetic joint infection in total hip and knee arthroplasty: a comprehensive literature review

Introduction: Concerns regarding risk versus benefit, that is, the possible impact of surgical-site bleeding on post-operative joint infections, have contributed to a continuing debate over recommendations for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in post-surgical orthopedic patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA).

Areas covered: A comprehensive literature search using MEDLINE covering the period 2004–2009 was conducted, and published studies that focused on THA and TKA and contained data applicable to thromboprophylaxis, post-surgical wound infection and bleeding are reviewed in this paper. The search strategy included various combinations of terms related to lower limb joint arthroplasty, anticoagulant drugs, post-operative bleeding and prosthetic joint infection (wound infection). Methodological constraints included failure in some studies to define an infection, variations among the studies in the definitions of bleeding and differences in the follow-up time for capturing infection and bleeding events. Despite this, this comprehensive review identified observational, ‘real-world' data that can contribute in important ways to the existing evidence base.

Expert opinion: There are insufficient data to either confirm or refute the hypothesis that post-operative bleeding is a mediating pathophysiologic factor linking pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis to an increased risk for wound infection. Studies specifically designed to examine the interrelationship between thromboprophylaxis, bleeding and wound infections following THA/TKA are warranted.     

氨甲环酸与利伐沙班联合应用对膝关节置换术中减少出血及预防静脉血栓的临床研究

目的探讨氨甲环酸与利伐沙班对单侧全膝关节置换后患者减少出血及预防静脉血栓的临床效果。方法随机入选符合条件的行初次单侧全膝关节置换的120例患者随机分为氨甲环酸+利伐沙班组(实验组)与对照组,测量、记录、分析两组患者的失血量和输血量、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、凝血指标、出血事件的发生率及下肢静脉血栓的发生情况。结果实验组的总失血量、隐性出血量、输血量、输血率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);手术后,实验组的血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(HCT)、膝关节HSS评分均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);手术前后,实验组和对照组的纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者的临床相关非大出血事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论氨甲环酸与利伐沙班联合应用于初次单侧全膝关节置换术中,可有效减少出血量,同时不影响患者全身的凝血系统,对预防下肢静脉栓塞具有良好的效果,值得在临床推广使用。     

探讨全髋、半髋关节置换术应用于老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效

目的 剖析老年股骨颈骨折患者施行全髋关节置换术与半髋关节置换术的价值.方法 76例老年股骨颈骨折患者,根据数字编号分为对照组(奇数)及观察组(偶数),每组38例.对照组患者行半髋关节置换术治疗,观察组患者行全髋关节置换术治疗.比较两组患者的手术指标(手术时间及术中出血量)、髋关节功能恢复情况及术后生活质量.结果 观察组...     

髌股关节置换与全膝关节置换治疗单纯髌股关节炎的疗效比较

目的髌股关节置换(PFA)与全膝关节置换(TKA)对单纯髌股关节炎(PFOA)的疗效比较。方法回顾性分析2013年7月至2017年7月上海中医药大学附属光华医院因单纯PFOA入院行单侧PFA或TKA共172例病人的临床资料。采用倾向性评分匹配法对两组病人进行匹配,共46对病人匹配成功。比较两组的围手术期资料、随访结果、满意度、影像学资料。结果匹配后两组围手术期资料:PFA组显性出血量、隐性出血量、手术时间、住院天数小于TKA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随访时间［PFA组(34±6.2)月(范围为28~84月)比TKA组(32±9.2)月(范围为24~71月),P>0.05］。两组随访12月、24月、末次随访的牛津膝关节评分(OKS)及健康调查12项简表(SF-12)评分均较术前改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但组内不同随访时间的两两比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);末次随访两组的髌股指数、适合角、外侧髌骨角差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);PFA组与TKA组术后12月、末次随访满意度分别为95.6%、89%和91.3%、86.9%。术后并发症PFA组2例病人术后出现伤口脂肪液化感染,均予以表面清创。TKA组1例病人术后出现患侧关节红肿热痛,予以清创更换垫片,未发现假体松动者。结论TKA与PFA均能有效改善病人的功能和生活质量。且两组的功能情况和生活质量方面无差异。但PFA较TKA有更高的满意度、更少的出血量、更短的手术时间及更少住院天数。     

Pharmacoeconomic implications of thromboprophylaxis with new oral anticoagulants after total hip or knee replacement in the USA

Introduction: Adequate thromboprophylaxis after total hip or knee replacement (THR or TKR) is essential to reduce the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and its associated complications. Although effective, traditional anticoagulants are associated with a considerable economic burden, particularly when used outside the hospital setting. This article explores whether newer oral anticoagulants can reduce costs of VTE prophylaxis and therapy.

Areas covered: Cost associated with vitamin K antagonists; indirect costs associated with complicated or inconvenient anticoagulation regimens, non-adherence and associated complications; potential of the newer oral anticoagulants, including direct thrombin inhibitors and direct factor Xa inhibitors, to produce indirect cost savings after THR or TKR through a potential reduction in VTE rates and administration and monitoring costs.

Expert opinion: The use of new anticoagulants for VTE prophylaxis after THR or TKR can result in direct and indirect cost savings through improved efficacy by reducing VTE rates and decreased drug administration and monitoring costs compared with traditional anticoagulants. Future research will need to focus on cost analyses driven by clinical outcomes measured on the performance of these agents in actual clinical practice.     

302例髋关节置换术分析

背景1997—2005年昆医附一的髋关节置换术病例数连年在增加。但是到目前为止尚缺乏详尽的总结资料。方法首先收集1997—2005年昆明医学院第一附属医院全髋置换术和人工股骨头置换术病历的资料。然后将性别．年龄，疾病种类，入院日期，手术方法等资料进行分组，编制频数表。然后用SPSS软件（11．5版本）进行逐一分析。结果 302例全髋置换术和人工股骨头置换术中，年龄的92岁。年龄最小的22岁。以70-79岁年龄组病人数最多（92例，30．5％），其次是69—69岁组（90例，29．8％）。髋关节置换病人数以80岁以上组和49岁以下组增长较快。女性病人（183例，60．6％）明显多于男性病人（119例，39．4％）。从疾病分类来看，股骨颈骨折病例数最多（162，53．6％），其次是股骨头无菌性坏死（88例，29．1％）。从手术方法来看．人工全髋置换173例，占57．3％；人工股骨头置换129例，占42．7％。最大住院天数145天，最小6天。做散点图发现公元年与年髋置换数有直线关系，用简单线性回归分析二者关系，并预测2010（87，95％可信区问CI：70-104），2015（116，CI：93-139）．2020（146，CI：117—175）年髋关节置换数。结论 1997—2005年昆明医学院附一医院髋关节置换数在连年增长，由于人口老化。经济的发展等原因，髋关节置换术这种老年性手术产业在未来将得到更大的发展。     

Alcohol screening scores and the risk of intensive care unit admission and hospital readmission

ABSTRACT

Background: The association between alcohol misuse and the need for intensive care unit admission as well as hospital readmission among those discharged from the hospital following a critical illness is unclear. This study sought to determine whether alcohol misuse was associated with (1) admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) among a cohort of patients receiving outpatient care and (2) hospital readmission among those discharged from the hospital following critical illness. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted with data from 24 Veterans Affairs (VA) health care facilities between 2004 and 2007. Scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption (AUDIT-C) questionnaire were used to identify patients with past-year abstinence, lower-risk alcohol use, moderate alcohol misuse, or severe alcohol misuse. The primary outcome was admission to a VA intensive care unit within the year following administration of the AUDIT-C. In an analysis focused on patients discharged from the ICU, the 2 main outcomes were hospital readmission within 1 year and within 30 days. Results: Among 486,115 veterans receiving outpatient care, the adjusted probability of ICU admission within 1 year was 2.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7%–2.3%) for abstinent patients, 1.6% (95% CI: 1.3%–1.8%) for patients with lower-risk alcohol use, 1.8% (1.4%–2.3%) for patients with moderate alcohol misuse, and 2.5% (2.0%–2.9%) for patients with severe alcohol misuse. Among the 9,030 patients discharged from an ICU, the adjusted probability of hospital readmission within 1 year was 48% (46%–49%) in abstinent patients, 44% (42%–45%) in patients with lower-risk alcohol use, 42% (39%–45%) in patients with moderate alcohol misuse, and 55% (49%–60%) in patients with severe alcohol misuse. Conclusions: Alcohol misuse may represent a modifiable risk factor for a cycle of ICU admission and subsequent hospital readmission.     

7种新型口服抗凝药预防全髋、膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症的网状Meta分析

目的 采用网状Meta分析法,比较7种新型口服抗凝药预防全髋、膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症作用的有效性。方法 检索CBM、Cochrane Library、Pubmed等数据库,从中提取随机对照试验,进行质量评价。应用软件Stata12.0,采用mvmeta程序包分析数据。结果 检索相关文献1 091篇,24篇符合标准,共计40 001例患者;按处方药物用量评价预防静脉血栓栓塞症的有效性。直接比较结果：利伐沙班、阿哌沙班优于低分子肝素,结果分别为：RR=0.56,95% CI：0.40~0.78,P<0.05;RR=0.39,95% CI：0.24~0.63,P<0.05。其余5种新型口服抗凝药与低分子肝素比较无显著差别（P>0.05）。间接比较,结果均优于安慰剂。结论 7种新型口服抗凝药预防全髋、膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症的有效性等级排名：阿哌沙班最佳,其次为利伐沙班、依度沙班、Ym150、TAK-442、达比加群酯、贝曲沙班。     

老年人股骨颈骨折半髋与全髋置换远期疗效对比分析

目的：比较老年人股骨颈骨折半髋与全髋置换远期的临床疗效。方法对70例老年人股骨颈骨折需行髋关节置换的患者,采用随机序号的方式将其分为观察组和对照组各35例,其中观察组采用全髋关节置换术,对照组予以半髋关节置换术,比较两组患者术后远期疗效。结果观察组术后感染总发生率高于对照组,观察组术后翻修率低于对照组,但两组差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;对照组术后慢性疼痛总发生率为22．86％明显高于观察组的2．28％,两组差异有统计学意义（χ2＝5．130,P＜0．05）;观察组术后Harris评分为（93．25±4．51）分显著高于对照组的（82．76±3．82）分,两组差异有统计学意义（t＝6．973,P＜0．05）,观察组的优良率为91．43％明显高于对照组的71．43％,两组差异有统计学意义（χ2＝6．492, P ＜0．05）。结论全髋关节置换术可减少股骨颈骨折术后疼痛感发生率,明显改善患者髋关节功能,中远期疗效优于半髋关节置换术。     

全髋关节置换术后早期脱位的原因分析及防治

目的 分析初次人工全髋关节置换术(total hip arthrophasty,THA)术后假体脱位的原因,并探讨其防治方法.方法 2004年1月至2009年10月行初次THA患者420例,对术后脱位的6例患者进行回顾性分析,评价术后脱位的危险因素及防治对策.结果 6位患者发生住院期间脱位,发生率1.4％.患者活动超范围5例,假体位置不良1例.5例予闭合手法复住固定,1例经手术调整外展角度,改用长颈股骨头假体后获得成功.结论 THA后脱位是多个危险因素共同作用的结果,最常见为体位性因素.脱位发生后多数可通过闭合复位固定的方法得到有效治疗,但反复脱位及假体位置严重不良者应考虑手术.     

阿哌沙班、利伐沙班、达比加群酯、依诺肝素预防髋膝关节置换术后静脉血栓形成的成本-效果分析

目的：评价阿哌沙班、利伐沙班、达比加群酯、依诺肝素预防髋膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症的成本-效果比,为临床药物选择提供经济学参考。方法：建立髋膝关节置换术后预防静脉血栓栓塞症的决策树模型,参考Meta分析研究结果确定模型中各节点概率,运行数据模型TreeAge Pro 2011得出成本-效果比。结果：全髋关节置换术中阿哌沙班预防用药成本-效果比3 950.43;利伐沙班预防用药成本-效果比2 900.08;达比加群酯成本-效果比3 149.79;依诺肝素成本-效果比3 763.86,全膝关节置换术中阿哌沙班预防用药成本-效果比1 594.70;利伐沙班预防用药成本-效果比1 169.91;达比加群酯成本-效果比1 266.61;依诺肝素成本-效果比1 524.10。结论：利伐沙班预防髋膝关节置换术术后静脉血栓形成相比阿哌沙班、达比加群酯、依诺肝素更具有经济优势。在预防全膝关节置换术中,依诺肝素相比阿哌沙班、利伐沙班、达比加群酯预防用药增加的成本可被接受。     

人工全膝关节表面置换术中后关节囊切断松解的应用

目的 探讨膝关节屈曲畸形的人工全膝关节表面置换术中膝后软组织松解的合适途径.方法 对12例膝关节不同程度屈曲畸形的患者行人工全膝关节表面置换术.术中对较难松解的后关节囊采用横形切断或局部切除的方法,对合并内翻畸形的膝关节通过去除胫骨平台内侧骨赘甚至部分骨质,以达到内侧副韧带长度满足截骨后膝关节间隙矩形化.手术前后按HSS评分系统进行评定,术后随访9～38个月.结果 术前平均HSS评分为38.8分,最后一次随访时平均HSS评分为83.1分.优:4膝,良:7膝,可:1膝.术后在疼痛、关节功能及活动度等方面均有明显的改善,与术前比较差别均有显著意义(P＜0.01).结论 对屈曲畸形的膝关节行人工全膝关节置换术时,通过横断或局部切除后关节囊松解方法既能达到屈膝间隙和伸膝间隙的平衡,又能保持软组织平衡与关节稳定.     

Local and systemic toxicity of nanoscale debris particles in total hip arthroplasty

Over the past 30 years joint replacement prostheses have been developed and refined to enhance durability and reproducibility. Total hip joint arthroplasty is being performed in an increasing number of younger patients; therefore orthopaedic surgeons seek implants with a longer life span. With regards to the progress of mechanical behaviour of the biomaterials used in an arthroplasty, little is known about the long‐term biological effects of wear debris. Owing to the composition of the prostheses currently in use, systemic exposure to chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and aluminium (Al) alloys occurs as a result of the formation of metal wear nano‐particles that are released both from metal‐on‐metal and polyethylene‐on‐metal bearings, resulting in a postoperative increase in metal ion levels at different organ sites. These particles circulate both locally and systemically, penetrate cell plasma membranes, bind to cellular proteins and enzymes and modulate cytokine expression. Their physiologic effects are poorly understood and their potential toxicity, hypersensitivity and carcinogenicity remain a cause for concern. In this article we will address the issue of whether these nanoscale degradation products are associated with adverse, clinically significant local or systemic toxicologic sequelae. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Association between rivaroxaban use and length of hospital stay,treatment costs and early outcomes in patients with pulmonary embolism: a systematic review of real-world studies

Background: In the EINSTEIN-Pulmonary Embolism (PE) trial, subjects randomized to rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin bridging to vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy experienced a reduced index hospital length of stay (LOS). We sought to conduct a systematic review of real-world studies comparing LOS, costs and early outcomes among patients treated with rivaroxaban or parenterally bridged VKA in routine practice.

Methods: We searched Medline and Scopus from 1 January 2011 to 30 November 2016 to identify observational studies comparing acute PE patients anticoagulated with rivaroxaban or parenterally bridged VKA and reporting data on index hospital LOS, costs and/or early post-PE outcomes. Studies not using appropriate methods for minimizing confounding bias or not published in English were excluded.

Results: Five studies met inclusion criteria. Rivaroxaban use was associated with decreased index hospital LOS (range: 1.36–1.70 days) and treatment costs (range: $1818–$2688) during an index stay compared to parenterally bridged warfarin. No differences in early readmission for recurrent thrombosis were noted between anticoagulation strategies. Readmission for major bleeding was rare in both cohorts. Similar reductions in LOS (range: 0.23–4.3 days) and costs (range: $251–$7094) were observed with rivaroxaban in studies restricted to patients deemed low risk for early complications by clinical gestalt or by a clinical- or claims-based risk stratification tool.

Conclusions: Regardless of patient predicted risk of post-PE complications, real-world studies suggest that rivaroxaban is associated with a reduced hospital LOS and costs versus parenterally bridged warfarin, without increasing readmission.     

合并帕金森病的膝骨性关节炎患者全膝关节置换术后生活质量评估

目的:评估帕金森病(PD)患者全膝关节置换(TKA)术后生活质量改善情况.方法:纳入我院2012年6月至2018年6月行TKA的PD患者11例,以非PD膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)患者44例作为对照进行比较.通过欧洲生活质量5项(EQ-5D)、疼痛残疾问卷(PDQ)和患者健康问卷-9(PHQ-9)及最小临床重要差异值(M...     

Assessment of liposome bupivacaine infiltration versus continuous femoral nerve block for postsurgical analgesia following total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study

Objective: Perioperative pain management is an important aspect of recovery from total knee arthroplasty (TKA) because severe pain can delay ambulation and hospital discharge. The objective of this retrospective sequential cohort study was to determine the impact of local infiltration analgesia using liposome bupivacaine (Exparel¹) when compared with a continuous femoral nerve block (FNB) following TKA.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent TKA between April 2011 and April 2014, and received one of three interventions. Study Group A received adductor canal infiltration with bupivacaine HCl and knee infiltration with liposome bupivacaine. Study Group B received adductor canal infiltration with liposome bupivacaine and knee infiltration with liposome bupivacaine. The control group received a continuous FNB with ropivacaine HCl delivered via an elastomeric pump. Numeric pain rating scores (NPRS), distance walked, length of stay (LOS), and dose of narcotic medication were the key efficacy variables of interest.

Results: A total of 237 patients were included in this study: 98 in Group A, 34 in Group B, and 105 controls. On postoperative day (POD) 0, mean (standard deviation [SD]) NPRSs were similar between Group A (1.8 [1.7]), Group B (2.7 [1.8]), and the control group (2.3 [2.4]). Significantly (p?<?0.05) more patients in Group A (58%) and Group B (44%) walked on POD0 than in the control group (0%); almost all patients walked on POD1. The mean (SD) distance walked was also significantly greater (p?<?0.05) on POD1 in Group A (193 [203] feet) and Group B (211 [144] feet) than in the control group (46 [73] feet). Mean (SD) LOS was significantly (p?<?0.05) shorter in Group B (2.2 [1.2] days), than in the control group (3.2 [0.7] days) and Group A (3.0 [1.7] days).

Conclusions: Local infiltration analgesia using liposome bupivacaine was associated with improved ambulation and shorter LOS following TKA when compared with continuous FNB in this retrospective cohort study.