同种异体骨复合自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗良性骨肿瘤和瘤样病变

背景：同种异体骨是临床常用的骨移植材料,但缺乏诱导成骨能力是最大的问题。 目的：评价良性骨肿瘤及瘤样病变刮除或切除后应用同种异体骨复合自体骨髓干细胞修复骨缺损的效果。 方法：65例良性骨肿瘤(包括瘤样病变)患者,根据植骨情况分为2组。复合骨髓干细胞植骨组35例患者根据预计植骨量从每位患者两侧的髂前上棘或髂后上棘抽取红骨髓20-40 mL,经体外分离、纯化、培养扩增骨髓基质干细胞备用,在植骨前将同种异体骨颗粒与骨髓基质干细胞充分混匀。肿瘤刮除或切除后,将混匀的骨髓基质干细胞与同种异体骨颗粒,植入骨缺损区内。单纯植骨组将用生理盐水浸泡半小时的同种异体骨植入骨缺损区内。分别于治疗后1,3,6,12个月进行植骨区X射线检查,比较两组病例同种异体骨颗粒界限模糊、消失的时间,同时观察术后并发症发生情况。 结果与结论：62例患者均获得12个月以上随访。复合骨髓干细胞植骨组移植骨界限模糊时间和消失时间均短于单纯植骨组(P < 0.05)。复合骨髓干细胞植骨组1例出现排异反应,使用免疫抑制剂治疗2周后痊愈,两组病例均未出现感染。结果表明同种异体骨复合自体骨髓干细胞植骨能明显促进骨融合和骨缺损的愈合。     

自体骨、同种异体骨及骨形态发生蛋白重组骨治疗腰椎骨折

背景：骨形态发生蛋白重组骨是一种新型植骨材料,已逐步应用于临床,但在腰椎骨折植骨融合中效果仍少见报道。 目的：比较自体骨、同种异体骨及骨形态发生蛋白重组骨治疗腰椎骨折的疗效差异。 方法：选择2005年3月至2009年3月南阳医学高等专科学校附属第一医院收治的腰椎骨折患者78例,根据植骨材料不同随机分为3组,分别植入自体骨、同种异体骨、骨形态发生蛋白重组骨。 结果与结论：78例腰椎骨折患者均获24个月的随访。植骨后24个月JOA评分改善率骨形态发生蛋白植入组90%>自体骨植入组85%>同种异体骨植入组70%(P < 0.05);植骨后12,24个月,同种异体骨植入组Cobb角较其他2组和植骨后6个月增大(P < 0.05),较植骨前减小(P < 0.05);自体骨植入组与骨形态发生蛋白植入组相比,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);同种异体骨植入组植骨后各时间点骨融合率均低于其他2组(P < 0.05)。提示骨形态发生蛋白重组骨与自体骨应用于脊椎腰椎骨折近期疗效相似,均优于同种异体骨移植,骨形态发生蛋白重组骨在腰椎骨折脊柱融合快,效果更好,临床应用更有优势。     

自制异体骨垫与自体髂骨在颈椎前路椎间植骨融合中的比较

背景:颈椎骨折诊断后多需手术治疗,前路椎体间植骨融合技术仍是目前治疗颈椎退行性或创伤性不稳的主要方法。作者设计的椭圆形同种异体骨垫,可以适应不同高度及宽度椎间隙的需要,符合椎间隙的生理形状。目的:通过与自体髂骨比较,评价自制同种异体骨垫在颈椎前路椎间植骨融合中的疗效。方法:2009年1月至2013年6月对58例颈椎椎间盘突出患者行前路一期椎间盘切除、椎间植骨融合内固定治疗,根据植骨材料不同,分为同种异体骨垫组和自体髂骨组,病程12-24个月。治疗后评价指标包括日本骨科协会(JOA)评分、颈椎间隙融合率、融合时间、手术时间、术中出血及排斥反应。结果与结论:治疗后6个月两组患者JOA评分差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。治疗后6个月同种异体骨垫组、自体髂骨组治疗后有效融合率分别为84%和88%,差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。同种异体骨垫组植骨融合时间较自体髂骨组长,差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。两组内固定物均牢靠无松动,随访期间均无植骨排斥。提示与自体髂骨相比,同种异体骨垫在颈椎前路植骨融合中疗效满意,可有效融合病变椎间隙,且异体骨垫不会产生因取骨引起的取骨区疼痛等不适。     

Osteoset植骨材料加自体骨移植在脊柱侧凸中的应用

目的探讨脊柱侧凸融合术中使用原位自体骨移植加Osteoset植骨材料与单纯取自体髂骨移植的融合效果比较。方法对57例11~18岁的特发性脊柱侧凸患者采用经后路Moss-miami内固定系统进行矫形融合手术。在融合术中分为两组,实验组:27例取自体骨移植加Osteoset植骨材料,对照组30例:采用单纯取自体髂骨移植。随访时间平均1.9年(1-3年)。对治疗效果进行临床、影像学评估。结果 实验组:术前单纯胸弯、腰弯平均Cobbs角为58度术后矫正至21度。术前双弯术前胸弯平均Cobbs角为53度术后矫正至19度,腰弯平均Cobbs角为47度术后矫正至16度。对照组:术前单纯胸弯、腰弯平均Cobbs角为56度术后矫正至22度。术前双弯术前胸弯平均Cobbs角为55度术后矫正至18度,腰弯平均Cobbs角为49度术后矫正至17度。两组随访过程中都没有明显矫形度丢失,临床及影像学没有假关节形成。结论在脊柱侧凸融合术中,Osteoset植骨材料加原位自体骨移植是一种可靠的植骨方法。     

医用硫酸钙人工骨与同种异体骨修复良性骨肿瘤骨缺损的对比分析

背景：探讨医用硫酸钙人工骨可替代同种异体骨作为骨缺损的修复材料的可行性。 目的：观察医用硫酸钙人工骨材料治疗良性骨肿瘤骨缺损的临床疗效。 方法：纳入应用医用硫酸钙人工骨材料于临床修复良性骨肿瘤刮除术后骨缺损病例31例和同种异体骨材料修复病例36例。观察植入材料后4,8,12周摄X射线片植骨吸收情况及植骨材料降解率。 结果与结论：全部病例均获随访3个月以上。两组病例在随访期间植骨材料降解率差异无显著性意义。良性骨肿瘤植骨区无复发。患者植入材料后3个月X射线片示骨缺损部位有新骨生成。结果表明医用硫酸钙人工骨材料临床疗效和同种异体骨接近。     

经椎弓根入路不同植骨材料内固定治疗胸椎结核

背景：对于脊柱结核病灶清除后的骨质缺损,可以选择自体髂骨、自体肋骨、钛网加同种异体骨等多种植骨材料。 目的：对比椎弓根入路不同植骨材料内固定治疗胸椎结核的效果。 方法：纳入40例胸椎结核患者,其中18例伴有截瘫,15例存在后凸畸形,经正规抗结核治疗2-4周行后路椎弓根系统内固定,一期经椎弓根入路病灶清除植骨融合内固定,根据植骨材料的不同分为自体髂骨组、自体肋骨组、钛网加同种异体骨组。治疗后随访24个月,观察病灶愈合、植骨融合、截瘫恢复、后凸畸形矫正及不良反应发生率。 结果与结论：自体髂骨组植骨融合时间短于自体肋骨组、钛网加同种异体骨组(P < 0.05),后两组间植骨融合时间比较差异无显著性意义。3组均未发生植骨块及钛网脱落、断裂与移位,无骨不连及假关节等现象,无结核病灶复发。截瘫与脊柱后凸畸形患者经3-6个月的对症治疗,肌力基本恢复,脊柱后凸畸形基本矫正。表明自体髂骨治疗效果最好,自体肋骨、钛网加同种异体骨治疗效果相当。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

不同植骨材料重建伤椎修复胸腰椎爆裂骨折:验证植骨愈合

背景:椎体内植骨重建椎体前中柱结构及恢复椎体形态被重新认识,选择合适的植骨材料可以促进骨愈合,有利于重新建立长期脊柱的稳定性。目的:探讨3种不同植骨材料经单侧椎弓根植入重建椎体治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效差异。方法:纳入胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者102例,按随机数字表法分3组治疗,分别采用后路经单侧椎弓根植入自体骨、自体骨联合同种异体骨与同种异体骨。植骨前后采用X射线观察椎体前缘高度百分比及Cobb角,CT观察伤椎椎体内植骨愈合,选择终末随访CT用Mimics软件计算伤椎骨缺损面积。结果与结论:102例患者均获得24-36个月随访。3组植骨后不同时间点椎体前缘高度百分比、Cobb角均较植骨前恢复(P0.05);植骨后不同时间点3组间椎体前缘高度百分比比较差异无显著性意义;同种异体骨组植骨后9,12,24个月的Cobb角高于自体骨组、自体骨联合同种异体骨组(P0.05)。同种异体骨组植骨不同时间点骨愈合率低于自体骨组、自体骨联合同种异体骨组(P0.05),骨缺损面积高于自体骨组、自体骨联合同种异体骨组(P0.05)。表明3种植骨材料经单侧椎弓根重建椎体形态治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折,能够减少椎体高度、Cobb角丢失和骨缺损面积,自体骨联合同种异体骨在骨愈合及减少骨缺损方面与自体骨疗效相似,均优于同种异体骨。     

新型后路同种异体骨解剖形腰椎融合器治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效分析

目的　探讨新型后路同种异体骨解剖形腰椎融合器治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。 方法　选取32例腰椎间盘突出症患者为研究对象,均接受新型后路同种异体骨解剖形腰椎融合器治疗。采取视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评估手术前后患者腰痛和腿痛的程度,Oswretry功能障碍指数（ODI）评价患者术后恢复情况。比较手术前后患者腰痛和腿痛的VAS评分、ODI以及平均椎间隙高度变化。 结果　32例患者术后均获得随访,平均随访时间（9.2±3.7）个月,在术后6个月时均获得骨性融合,未发生严重不良反应。术后6个月和末次随访时腰痛和腿痛的VAS评分、ODI评分较术前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。术后6个月和末次随访时平均椎间隙高度较术前明显增高,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。 结论　新型后路同种异体骨解剖形腰椎融合器能够明显改善腰椎间盘突出症患者的临床症状,值得在临床中推广应用。     

不同骨移植材料修复骨缺损的初步实验研究

目的对比观察不同骨移植材料对兔桡骨节段性骨缺损的修复效果。方法48只新西兰大白兔采用桡骨15mm节段性骨缺损模型,随机分为4组,每组12只,A组植入深冻异体骨复合自体骨髓,B组植入深冻异体骨,C组植入自体骨,D组植入新鲜同种异体骨。术后不同阶段分别行组织学、透射电镜及X线检测。结果四组骨缺损均有成骨现象发生,骨生成、骨连接情况A、C组优于B组,B组优于D组;A、C组细胞增生活跃、核呈分裂相、胞质丰富、核膜光整、细胞器丰富,同比均优于B、D组;骨缺损愈合时间A、C组为8-10周,B组为12周,D组骨缺损在术后12周仍未愈合。结论提示兔深冻异体骨复合自体骨髓具有良好的组织相容性及成骨作用,其取代自体骨植骨修复骨缺损具有可能性。     

颗粒骨打压植骨在腰椎后路融合修复中的应用:随机对照

背景:临床中实施常规的椎间融合器椎间融合技术可以减轻腰椎管狭窄患者的腰椎疼痛,缓解神经压迫,增强脊柱稳定性,但远期疗效有限且治疗费用较高。目的:探讨颗粒骨打压植骨在腰椎管狭窄症腰椎后路融合修复中应用的效果。方法:选择L3-S1腰椎管狭窄症患者57例,随机分两组治疗,观察组(n=27)采用自体颗粒骨打压植骨联合椎弓根钉进行椎间融合,对照组(n=30)采用椎间融合器进行椎间融合。对比两组患者治疗前、治疗后1个月及末次随访目测类比评分、ODI评分,以及住院费用和下床活动时间等指标。结果与结论:两组治疗前目测类比评分、ODI评分比较差异无显著性意义,观察组治疗后1个月、末次随访目测类比评分与ODI评分均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组住院费用明显低于对照组(P0.05),两组治疗后下床活动时间与末次随访临床疗效优良率比较差异无显著性意义。结果表明颗粒骨打压植骨联合椎弓根钉治疗腰椎管狭窄症具有显著的临床疗效,可以有效减轻患者机体疼痛,促进腰椎功能恢复且费用低。     

硫酸钙人工骨复合培养骨髓间充质干细胞对骨诱导脊柱融合的影响

BACKGROUND: Biodegrable calcium sulfate artificial bone has a good biocompatibility, so it is used as a bone graft substitute in the treatment of spinal fusion. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the osteoinductive effects of the tissue-engineered bone made of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and calcium sulfate artificial bone in spinal fusion. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in vitro, and then combined with the calcium sulfate artificial bone. The composite material was observed under electron microscope. Totally 67 patients undergoing spinal fusion were enrolled, who were divided into control group (n=35) and observation group (n=32), receiving autologous iliac bone graft and autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with calcium sulfate transplantation, respectively. Subsequently, spinal fusion Lenke classification and low back outcome score were conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under electron microscope, the visible calcium sulfate artificial bone presented a good porous structure, on which bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells grew and adhered well. Slightly but insignificantly better outcomes in the spinal fusion through the use of the Lenke classification system were obtained in the observation group than the control group after surgery (P > 0.05). Besides, scores on low back outcomes in both two groups were significantly higher than baseline data (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the tissue-engineered bone made of calcium sulfate artificial bone as the scaffold and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as seed cells can exert a good osteoinduction in spinal fusion, and obtain ideal effects.     

自体骨髓富集间质干细胞与羟基磷灰石磷酸三钙材料复合在脊柱融合中的应用

BACKGROUND: The use of bone graft materials can promote bone fusion and enhance the stability of the spine during the spinal fusion. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with hydroxyapatite/ tricalcium phosphate in the spinal fusion. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 64 patients with spinal fusion was carried out, and these patients were divided into two groups (n=32 per group): control group undergoing autogenous iliac bone grafting and observation group undergoing autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate. All patients were followed up for 12 months, and their recovery conditions about low back pain, spinal fusion and vertebral reset were assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The low-back outcome scale scores and excellent rate, Lenke grading and Cobb angle had insignificant differences between the two groups after treatment (P > 0.05). No infection, inflammation and skin irritation occurred in the two groups. The coagulation function, renal function and inflammatory factor levels were at normal levels in all the patients, and there was no difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate can achieve clinical outcomes equivalent to the autologous iliac bone grafting.      

不同术式治疗不稳定性胸腰椎骨折的比较研究

目的 观察减压植骨融合固定术及经椎弓根椎体内植骨融合联合伤椎置钉术治疗不稳定性胸腰椎骨折合并脊髓损伤的临床疗效。方法 选取2015年4月~2018年4月我院收治的56例不稳定性胸腰椎骨折合并脊髓损伤的患者,随机分成对照组和观察组,每组28例。对照组行减压植骨融合固定术治疗,观察组行经椎弓根椎体内植骨融合联合伤椎置钉术治疗。术后随访1.5年（至2019年10月）。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、椎体前缘高度丢失程度、Cobb角矫正和丢失情况、Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）、伤椎内占位情况、脊髓功能E级、植骨融合率及术后并发症。结果 观察组的术中出血量少于对照组 [（420±210.67） ml vs （830.23±260.52）ml],手术时间短于对照组 [（155.71±43.50） min vs （195.08±45.42） min],Cobb角矫正丢失大于对照组 [（5.42±1.38）°vs （2.32±1.25）°],椎体前缘高度丢失程度大于对照组 [（4.58±0.52）% vs （2.14±0.47）%],差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组术前ODI指数、伤内椎占位、脊髓功能E级及植骨融合率情况分别比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;随访时两组ODI指数、伤内椎占位情况及植骨融合率比较,脊髓功能E级占比升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组并发症发生率低于对照组（3.57% vs 17.86%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 经椎弓根椎体内植骨融合联合伤椎置钉治疗不稳定性胸腰椎爆裂性骨折并脊髓损伤,固定安全可靠,出血量少,增加前中柱的稳定性,促进骨性融合以及恢复伤椎体的高度,减少术后并发症,值得临床应用。     

A prospective consecutive study of instrumented posterolateral lumbar fusion using synthetic hydroxyapatite (Bongros-HA) as a bone graft extender

A prospective, single institution, clinical case-matched, radiographic study was undertaken. Thirty-two patients underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion with cages containing laminectomized bone chips and posterolateral lumbar fusion with pedicle screws. Autogenous bone graft (3 mL) plus 3 mL of hydroxyapatite was placed in one side of a posterolateral gutter, and 6 mL of autogenous iliac bone graft was placed on the other side. Bony union, volumes of fusion mass, and bone absorption rates were postoperatively evaluated using simple radiographs and 3D-CT scans. Average postoperative Lenke scores at 3 and 6 months in the hydroxyapatite group were statistically higher than in the autograft group, but at 12 months no difference was found between the hydroxyapatite and autograft groups in terms of fusion rate. Complete fusion rates by 3D-CT were 86.7% in the hydroxyapatite group and 88.9% in the autograft group, which are not significantly different. Volumes of fusion mass and bone absorption rates at 12 months were 2.35 mL in the hydroxyapatite group and 1.31 mL in the autograft group. The mean fusion mass volume was greater in the hydroxyapatite group than in the autograft group. Lumbar posterolateral fusion using a mixture of hydroxyapatite artificial bone and autogenous bone graft showed good bony union similar to that shown with autogenous bone only. This study suggests that hydroxyapatite bone chips could be used usefully as a bone-graft extender in short-segment posterolateral spinal fusion.     

Bioactive glass as bone-graft substitute for posterior spinal fusion in rabbit

Bioactive glass S53P4 and autogenous bone were studied as bone graft materials for spinal fusion in a rabbit model. Sixteen rabbits underwent surgery by a dorsal approach. A bioactive glass, a combination of bioactive glass and autogenous bone (70/30 vol%), and autogenous bone were implanted at two thoracolumbar vertebraes for 4 and 12 weeks. The volume, consolidation to vertebrae, and fusion of the graft material were evaluated with plain-film radiology, computed tomography (CT) and bone-mineral density measurements, and compared with histomorphometrical measurements. Radiological consolidation by CT of bone graft to underlying vertebrae at 12 weeks was observable in all groups. This was histologically confirmed as bone was growing from the vertebrae into the graft material. Radiologic fusion of vertebraes was, at 12 weeks, observable in all groups in 50--75% of the cases. The radiologic fusion seen at the CT scans could, however, not be confirmed by histology in any of the three groups. Significant differences for graft material and observation period with the use of bone-mineral density measurements (Hounsfield units) were also observable, with the highest measured values for the bioactive glass group and the lowest for the autogenous bone group. The results indicate that bioactive glass have potential as bone-graft material in spinal fusion. The reliability of radiologic evaluation methods in spinal surgery using bone substitutes is also questioned and discussed.     

不同融合方式对多节段腰椎椎管狭窄合并腰椎间盘突出症患者应激反应的影响#br#

目的 探讨多节段椎管减压配合不同融合方式对多节段腰椎椎管狭窄（LSS）合并腰椎间盘突出症（LDH）患者植骨融合情况及应激反应的影响。 方法 选取2017年2月～2019年2月我院多节段LSS合并LDH患者85例,按照治疗方案不同分为A组（n=43）、B组（n=42）。A组采取多节段椎管减压配合横突间植骨融合内固定术,B组采取多节段椎管减压配合椎间植骨融合术。比较两组手术有关指标情况、术前、术后1 d、3 d血清应激反应有关指标［血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、肾素（R）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）］水平、并发症、疗效、植骨融合情况、术前、术后1周、12个月、24个月腰腿痛视觉模拟评分量表（VAS）评分、日本骨科学会（JOA）评分、功能障碍指数量表（ODI）评分。 结果 A组手术时间、住院时间短于B组,术中出血量与住院费用低于B组（P<0.05）;两组术后1 d、3 d血清AngⅡ、R、hs-CRP、IL-6水平均较本组术前提高（P<0.05）,A组术后1 d、3 d上述血清指标水平均低于B组（P<0.05）;两组并发症发生率相比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组手术优良率、植骨融合率相比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组术后1周、术后3个月、12个月、24个月腰腿痛VAS评分、ODI评分均较本组术前降低,JOA评分较本组术前提高（P<0.05）,但组间对比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 多节段椎管减压配合横突间植骨融合内固定术或椎间植骨融合术均是治疗多节段LSS合并LDH值得肯定的术式,临床疗效满意,而横突间植骨融合内固定术具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快、住院费用低的优势。     

自体颗粒植骨与髂骨块植骨治疗单节段胸腰椎结核的疗效对比

目的　回顾性观察自体颗粒植骨和髂骨块植骨在后路单节段胸腰椎结核手术中的临床疗效差异。 方法　2012年8月至2016年6月行后路病灶清除、椎体间植骨融合内固定术治疗的58例单节段胸腰椎结核患者,按植骨方式不同分为两组,颗粒组31例,髂骨组27例。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量,手术前后的VAS、ODI评分、神经功能恢复,在影像学资料上记录两组节段后凸Cobb角和椎间高度的改善及末次随访时的丢失、植骨融合时间。 结果　术后平均随访26(15~38)月,颗粒组手术时间(194.2±34.9) min、术中出血量(282.2±130.0) ml、植骨融合时间(5.8±1.0)月均优于髂骨组（240.0±61.5 min、540.7±276.6 ml、8.3±3.6月）（P<0.05）。两组术后、末次随访时节段后凸Cobb角和椎间高度均较术前明显改善（P<0.05）,末次随访时颗粒组节段后凸Cobb角和椎间高度丢失稍大于髂骨块组,但两组间无明显统计学差异（P>0.05）。 结论　和髂骨植骨相比,颗粒骨植骨方便易行,术中出血少,植骨融合快,应用于单节段胸腰椎结核手术中,是一种安全、有效的植骨方式。