Tissue-specific shRNA delivery: a novel approach for gene therapy in cancer

A novel tissue-specific shRNA delivery system has been developed using cre-lox technology. Conditionally silenced pSico vector containing oligonucleotides of CD44shRNA and tissue-specific promoter-driven Cre-recombinase expression vector are packaged into transferrin-coated nanoparticles that can deliver shRNA into specific tumors. This system has strong potential in cancer therapy.     

FAK基因沉默诱导白血病细胞凋亡

目的:本研究靶向黏着斑激酶(FAK)基因,构建FAK-shRNA慢病毒载体,并研究FAK基因沉默对白血病细胞生长的影响。方法:化学合成人FAK基因的shRNA序列,应用分子生物学方法将该FAK shRNA序列插入含荧光素GFP慢病毒质粒。该FAK shRNA慢病毒载体在体外包装、浓缩,然后转染至人白血病细胞株。应用逆转录聚合酶链反应及蛋白质印迹方法检测FAK基因表达水平,予Annexin V标记检测细胞凋亡的情况。结果:经核苷酸序列分析提示FAK shRNA正确插入慢病毒质粒,该病毒载体在白血病细胞株的转染率为10%-25%。与对照组相比(无FAK shRNA的慢病毒载体),FAK shRNA慢病毒载体在细胞FAK mRNA及蛋白水平的抑制率分别为40%和70%。凋亡实验表明,对照组与FAK shRNA慢病毒载体组的Annexin V阳性率分别为(4.19±0.36)%和(8.48±0.58)%,两者差异明显(P0.05)。结论:我们成功构建FAK shRNA慢病毒载体,该载体能抑制FAK基因表达并诱导白血病细胞凋亡。     

Construction of shRNA lentiviral vector

Lentiviruses have been adapted as gene delivery vehicles. This article summarized shRNA lentiviral vector methods generally used in research laboratories. The main procedures of shRNA lentiviral vector include that (1) Target sequences screening and shRNA oligonucleotides designing, (2) insert designed oligonucleotides into lentiviral vectors, (3) using packaging cells to produce shRNA lentivirus, and (4) transducing target cells with shRNA lentivirus.     

shRNA双表达载体pCSH1的构建及抗肿瘤活性研究

目的构建一种可同时表达靶向两种基因shRNA的瞬时表达载体,以提高RNA干扰效率和降低载体的非特异毒性。方法载体采用pUC19的质粒基本序列,RNA聚合酶III识别的H1启动子,并利用同尾酶的特性设计两个多克隆位点,用DNA重组技术构建了载体pCSH1;以pCSH1为基础,构建靶向N-Ras或c-Myc的单干扰载体,以及靶向N-Ras和c-Myc的双干扰载体,并验证其干扰效率;并用克隆形成法验证了载体的抗肿瘤活性;此外还将靶向N-Ras两个shRNA转录单位串联到一个载体中,检测该连接方式的优势。结果成功设计并构建了可同时表达双基因shRNA的瞬时表达载体pCSH1。对该载体的验证结果表明,靶向N-Ras的单干扰shRNA表达载体pCSH1-shNR或靶向c-Myc的单干扰shRNA表达载体pCSH1-shMyc对靶基因mRNA和蛋白具有明显的干扰作用;双干扰载体pCSH1-shNM也能同时抑制N-Ras和c-Myc的mRNA和蛋白表达水平,且对细胞克隆形成的抑制率最高。细胞生长曲线法检测两个N-Ras-shRNA表达单位串联的载体pCSH1-2shNR对细胞生长的抑制作用,结果显示在质粒质量相同条件下,双表达载体pCSH1-2shNR对细胞的生长抑制作用显著强于单N-Ras-shRNA表达载体pCSH1-shNR,而相同质量的对照质粒pCSH1-2shMock、pCSH1-shMock对细胞生长的抑制没有明显差异。结论利用同尾酶原理构建了一个可同时表达双shRNA的瞬时表达载体pCSH1,该载体可实现双基因同时干扰;pCSH1还具有分子量小、shRNA表达单位可以串联和串联后RNA干扰活性增强的优点。该载体通过同时抑制两个靶基因或增加对单个靶基因的shRNA表达单位可以取得更好的抗肿瘤活性。     

shRNA表达载体的构建及对HBV复制和表达的抑制

目的:构建shRNA的表达载体,检测针对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的shRNA的稳定表达质粒对HBV复制和表达的影响。方法:扩增U6启动子构建shRNA表达载体pU6。针对HBV基因组序列设计并化学合成双链核苷酸克隆到pU6载体得到质粒pU6B/HBVi,脂质体介导转染带有HBV基因组的2.2.15细胞,定量PCR和ELISA法检测pU6B/HBVi对HBV复制和表达的影响。结果:成功构建了shRNA的真核表达载体;针对HBV的pU6B/HBVi质粒对HBV的复制和表达有明显的抑制作用。结论:稳定表达shRNA的pU6B/HBVi质粒可以抑制HBV在2.2.15细胞中的复制和表达。     

TCAB1基因RNAi慢病毒载体的构建及在人子宫内膜间质细胞中沉默TCAB1基因的效应

目的构建TCAB1基因RNAi慢病毒载体,为子宫内膜异位症(EMs)的基因靶向治疗提供理论依据。方法化学合成3条靶向TCAB1基因的siRNA,转染HEK-293T细胞,24h后采用荧光素酶报告系统筛选有效siRNA,其对TCAB1mRNA有明显抑制作用。针对已经筛选确定的TCAB1基因RNAi有效靶序列,合成靶序列的Oligo DNA,退火形成双链DNA,与经XhoI和HpaI酶切后的LV1载体[含U6启动子和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)]连接产生LV1-shRNA慢病毒载体,PCR筛选阳性克隆,测序鉴定。用LV1-shRNA、pRev、pVsvg、pcgv四质粒共转染包装细胞HEK-293T细胞,包装产生慢病毒,分别于转染后48h、72h收取病毒上清,感染人子宫内膜间质细胞(ESC),进行RT-qPCR检测TCAB1基因相对表达量,检测LV1-shRNA干扰效率。结果 PCR和测序证实,成功构建TCAB1 shRNA的慢病毒载体LV1-shRNA。结论成功构建TCAB1基因的RNAi慢病毒载体,其转染ESC细胞后显著抑制了TCAB1的表达,为子宫内膜异位症的基因靶向治疗提供了实验基础。     

靶向MAG基因shRNA慢病毒载体的构建及其对MAG基因表达的沉默

 目的：设计以MAG基因为靶点的短发夹状RNA（shRNA）,构建重组慢病毒载体并鉴定此RNA干扰体系对MAG基因表达的影响。方法：将3条靶向大鼠MAG基因的shRNA片段插入至慢病毒载体pWPI,与pCDNA3-MAG-FLAG质粒用Lipofectamine　2000共转染293T细胞,Western blotting法鉴定出最有效的shRNA。此重组质粒与pAX2和pMD2G经293T细胞包装后,产生的重组慢病毒感染少突胶质细胞,48 h后Western blotting法检测MAG蛋白的表达情况。结果：经双酶切后测序鉴定,构建了MAG shRNA慢病毒载体pWPI-MAG,鉴定出shRNA-2为最为有效的shRNA。重组慢病毒能明显抑制少突胶质细胞中MAG的表达。结论：慢病毒介导的shRNA干扰技术可特异性阻断MAG的表达,为进一步探讨MAG特异性shRNA治疗神经系统髓鞘损伤奠定了基础。     

RNA干扰体外抑制乙型肝炎病毒抗原表达的实验研究

目的 针对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)prec/c区构建shRNA表达载体,观察shRNA表达载体对HBV抗原表达的抑制作用,为运用RNA干扰(RNAi)技术治疗乙型肝炎奠定基础.方法 运用基因重组技术构建shRNA表达载体,经酶切,测序鉴定确认后,与1.5倍HBV真核表达质粒pHBV1.5共转染Hela细胞,并于转染后72 h,用微粒子酶免疫实验(MEIA)分别检测细胞上清液和细胞裂解液中HBsAg和HBeAg表达水平;用半定量PCR检测prec/c mRNA的转录情况;分析shRNA表达载体对HBe/HBs抗原表达的抑制情况.结果 成功构建了针对HBV prec/c区的shRNA表达载体psiHBV4、psiHBV5、psiHBV6及无关shRNA表达载体psiC;筛选到对HBeAg有明显的抑制作用的psiHBV4载体,同时其对HBsAg的表达有促进作用;psiHBV5和psiHBV6对HBeAg的抑制作用相对较弱,其对HBsAg的表达也有不同程度的促进作用;无关干扰对照psiC对HBV两种抗原的表达均无显著抑制作用.结论 成功构建带U6启动子的shRNA表达载体并初步筛选到可显著抑制HBeAg表达的psiHBV4;本研究设计的3个靶向序列中,只有一个序列有大约70%的抑制率,而另外两个序列的抑制率相对较小,说明RNA干扰作用有较强的序列依赖性;无关干扰序列psiC几乎无干扰作用,说明siRNA产生的干扰作用具有高度的特异性.以上结果为应用RNAi治疗乙型肝炎奠定了一定的基础.     

CHOP基因shRNA载体构建及沉默效应

背景：研究认为,CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白(CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein,CHOP)通路是内质网应激介导细胞凋亡的3条通路之一,目前国内外对内质网应激介导细胞凋亡在胃癌方面的研究较少。 目的：构建针对人CHOP基因的短发卡RNA表达载体,观察RNA干扰对人胃癌细胞系BGC823细胞CHOP基因表达的抑制作用。 方法：设计CHOP的shRNA靶序列,分别合成两条互补的寡核苷酸链,退火后重组入真核表达载体pSUPER-EGFP1,转化扩增后进行序列测定。用脂质体包裹转染人胃癌细胞系BGC823细胞,采用RT-PCR 和Western blotting分别检测CHOP基因mRNA 和蛋白表达的变化。 结果与结论：把针对CHOP基因的shRNA的双链寡核苷酸片段克隆入pSUPER-EGFP1载体,经测序分析,插入片段正确;RT-PCR和Western blot检测显示,CHOP基因的表达水平明显降低,其中以CHOP-1为靶序列的shRNA沉默作用最强,CHOP的表达抑制率约67%。     

CD147 shRNA质粒表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的构建表达细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子(CD147,EMMPRIN)基因序列特异性的短发夹样RNA(short hairpin RNA,shRNA)载体。方法根据CD147基因序列及shRNA设计原则,化学合成两段编码短发夹RNA寡核苷酸序列,将其定向克隆到pGenesil-1.1质粒表达载体中,重组构建RNAi质粒,并对重组质粒进行酶切分析。结果限制性内切酶Eco31I和SacI酶切显示设计合成的shRNA编码序列被成功插入pGenesil-1.1质粒载体中,酶切结果证实插入片段与设计序列完全一致,成功构建针对基因CD147的shRNA质粒表达载体。结论成功构建人CD147基因重组载体,为研究CD147蛋白的生物学效应和骨肉瘤的治疗提供实验依据。     

骨桥蛋白短发卡样RNA质粒载体的构建与筛选

目的 构建携带骨桥蛋白双链小干扰RNA(OPN-siRNA)的质粒表达载体,筛选出基因沉默效果最明显的短发卡样RNA(shRNA)质粒表达载体.方法 设计并合成2个针对OPN的shRNA寡核苷酸片段(shRNA1,shRNA2),退火形成双链并分别克隆进入载体pGenesil-1.酶切鉴定后,采用LipofectamineTM2000介导的转染方法将重组的shRNA质粒转入大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC),筛选出稳定转染株.采用RT-PCR及Western免疫印迹检测其对OPN表达的抑制效果.结果 shRNA质粒成功转染入VSMC且效率达50%以上.转染含OPN shRN A1的VSMC的OPN mRNA和蛋白的表达分别为0.16±0.04和0.30±0.09,含OPN shRNA2分别为0.23±0.06和0.44±0.06,两组之间及分别与正常细胞组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).空载体组和阴性对照组与正常细胞组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 成功构建了靶向OPN基因的shRNA质粒表达载体,其中抑制效果最为明显的shRNA质粒表达载体为shRN A1质粒.     

Fibulin-3表达对恶性胸膜间皮瘤细胞的影响

目的:研究纤蛋白3(fibulin-3)基因过表达/沉默对人恶性胸膜间皮瘤(malignant pleural mesothelioma,MPM)细胞系SMC-1的影响,为MPM的治疗寻找新的方法。方法:分别构建fibulin-3过表达和短发夹RNA(short hairpin RNA,shRNA)载体,并将SMC-1细胞分别转染空白对照载体(control)、过表达载体(Exp)、过表达对照载体(Exp-NC)、干扰载体(shRNA1、shRNA2、shRNA3和shRNA4)和干扰对照载体(shRNA-NC)。应用流式细胞术检测细胞周期及凋亡,real-time PCR法和Western blot法检测过表达/干扰前后fibulin-3的表达情况。结果:SMC-1细胞转染相应载体后,流式细胞术结果显示,与control组相比,fibulin-3+Exp组的G_2期细胞数量增加(P0.05),shRNA2组的G_2期数量减少(P0.05);凋亡检测结果显示,与control组相比,Exp组的细胞凋亡率下降(P0.05),而shRNA2组的细胞凋亡率上升(P0.05)。分子水平检测结果显示,与control组相比,Exp组fibulin-3和间皮素(mesothelin)的mRNA和蛋白表达水平上调(P0.05),各shRNA组fibulin-3和mesothelin的mRNA和蛋白表达水平下调(P0.05)。结论:本实验构建了fibulin-3基因的过表达及沉默载体,证实转染Exp和shRNA能有效改变fibulin-3的表达水平及SMC-1细胞的生长,为以fibulin-3为靶点的RNA沉默手段应用于临床MPM的治疗提供了实验依据。     

Construction, Stable Expression of Survivin shRNA Vector

Objective: To construct survivin shRNA expression vector carting enhanced green fluorescent protein gene, transfect it into GBC-SDH cells via electroporation, and get GBC-SD cells which are stable expressing survivin shRNA. Methods: The siRNA sequence targeting survivin mRNA was synthesized and cloned into pEGFP-H1. The constructed plasmid and pEGFP-H1 were transfected into GBC-SD cells respectively via liposome, and the transfecting effect was detected with Flow Cytometry. Then the transfected cells were selected with G418. Results: The recombinant plasmid was successfully constructed, named pEGFP-survivin. The gene transfection efficiencies in pEGFP-H1-transfected group and pEGFP-survivin- transfected group were the 80.29%±2.71% and 83.85%±2.34%(P>0.05), which was successful to get the cells that are stable expressing shRNA, named GBC-SD/EGFP and GBC-SD/survivin. Conclusion: Survivin shRNA expression vector was constructed successfully and got GBC-SD cells which are stable expression shRNA.     

shRNA表达载体pWH1的构建及用于HIF1基因的沉默

目的:构建用于RNAi的shRNA(small hairpin RNA)表达载体及检测其对低氧诱导因子-1(Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1,HIF1)基因的沉默效果.方法:从人血基因组中PCR扩增出H1基因启动子,克隆入酶切处理后的pEGFP-C1载体片段中,此载体命名为pWH1.以人HIF1 cDNA基因为靶标设计引物,退火后克隆入pWH1.新的载体转染SGC7901细胞,然后用RT-PCR和Western blot检测HIF1基因的表达改变.结果:构建的pWH1载体能很好地表达针对HIF1基因的shRNA,RT-PCR和Western blot的结果显示HIF1基因的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均明显下降.结论:成功构建了shRNA表达载体pWH1,这对于基因的功能研究具有重要的意义.     

人黑色素浓集激素受体2基因shRNA真核表达载体体外转染

目的构建针对人黑色素浓集激素受体2(MCHR2)的短发夹RNA(shRNA)真核表达载体,并观察其转染效率。方法根据MCHR2基因序列,设计并合成特异性的小干扰片段,将其定向克隆到真核表达载体pGenesil-1中,酶切和测序后,用脂质体转染到HEK293细胞中,用荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪观察荧光表达,鉴定转染效率。结果与结论成功构建4条表达shRNA的质粒及其阴性对照质粒,并成功转染到HEK293细胞系中,转染效率达50%以上。     

构建survivin shRNA重组载体及靶向下调PC3细胞survivin mRNA的表达

背景：survivin基因特异性表达于肿瘤和胚胎组织,与肿瘤细胞的分化增殖、浸润转移以及多药耐药密切相关。 目的：构建靶向survivin基因的shRNA重组质粒表达载体,转染前列腺癌细胞PC3,验证该载体能否下调细胞survivin基因mRNA水平。 方法：以survivin基因为靶点设计具有短发夹结构的shRNA序列,经退火成互补双链后克隆入pENTR/U6建立重组表达载体pENTR/U6-SUR;转化E.coli TOP10菌株,挑取阳性菌落进行菌落PCR和测序鉴定;将重组质粒转染前列腺癌细胞株PC3细胞,RT-PCR检测重组质粒对细胞survivin基因mRNA水平的抑制效果。 结果与结论：将设计合成的shRNA序列经退火后克隆至pENTR/U6载体中,菌落PCR可扩增出目的条带,测序结果证实插入片段为所需序列;pENTR/U6-SUR重组质粒转染后PC3细胞survivin基因mRNA表达水平显著下降,且24 h比48 h作用更明显。成功构建了靶向survivin基因的shRNA质粒表达载体,并证实该载体显著下调了PC3细胞中survivin基因mRNA水平。     

The development of vector constructions for respiratory syncitial virus (RSV) P-gene silencing

Interfering RNA (RNAi) is a powerful tool to silence gene expression on the level of mRNA. To knock-down gene expression by using RNAi two major methods of mRNA silencing exist. First method utilizes siRNA (small interfering RNA), a readily processed dsRNA, that enters RISC complex and destroy target mRNA after transfection into the cells. The second method based on the construction of plasmid DNA that expresses shRNA (short harpin RNA) from U6 or CMV promoter. shRNA gets processed by Drosha and Dicer RNAses inside the cell before it translocates to the cell cytoplasm and affects the level of target RNA. In this study we modified lentiviral vector pGIPZ expressing tFP-IRES-Puro-shRNA(mir30) cassette by introducing BamH I restriction site downstream of this cassette. This modification makes possible to clone specific shRNA sequences in pGIPZ vector using XhoI/BamHI restriction sites instead of the original recombination. Three shRNAs against phosphoprotein P of respiratory sinthitial virus (RSV) and shRNA against human CD43 as a control were generated and cloned into modified so-called pCIPD vector. Monkey kidney cells MA-104 were stably transduced with four shRNA constructs. In conclusion, the generated lentiviral vector pCIPD can be successfully used for efficient gene silencing and virus replication in a broad variety of cells.     

Stable suppression of gene expression in murine embryonic stem cells by RNAi directed from DNA vector-based short hairpin RNA

Murine embryonic stem (ES) cells are an ideal system for the research of directed differentiation in vitro. Long double-stranded RNA, which can induce RNA interference (RNAi) effectively in many organisms, has been shown to suppress target gene expression efficiently and specifically in undifferentiated ES cells. However, it cannot be used in differentiated ES cells due to unspecific inhibition of gene expression resulting from the activation of interferon pathway following differentiation. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter system, we show here that a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vector driven by the murine U6 small nuclear RNA promoter can specifically induce potent gene knockdown effect (i.e., inhibit GFP expression specifically) when transfected transiently into ES cells. Furthermore, when the expression vector is stably integrated into the genome of the cell, it can still show specific RNAi effect, which can be maintained at least for 10 days. These transfected ES cells showed no obvious differences in the morphology or growth rate in culture compared with untransfected cells, suggesting that the activation of shRNA-directed RNAi did not affect the properties of ES cells and that the RNAi effect in ES cells is specific and persistent. Our results prove the feasibility of the U6 promoter-driven shRNA expression technique to be used to study the function of genes expressed in ES cells. These ES cells, after integration of the U6-based RNAi vector into their genome, could be used to generate gene knockdown mice.     

大鼠CD86基因RNAi慢病毒载体的构建与功能鉴定

目的 构建大鼠CD86基因的RNAi慢病毒载体并在大鼠原代培养树突状细胞(DC)上鉴定其基因沉默效率.方法 将筛选获得的大鼠CD86基因特异性siRNA靶点,合成短发卡结构shRNA序列并退火成双链DNA,与pgC-GFP慢病毒载体重组形成shRNA表达载体,利用PCR和测序鉴定获得连接正确的克隆.经由293T细胞包装shRNA慢病毒颗粒,随后将其感染原代培养的大鼠Dc细胞,采用real-time PCR和Western blot的方法检测靶基因在mRNA和蛋白水平的沉默效率.结果 构建的慢病毒载体shRNA的PcR鉴定和测序正确,shRNA慢病毒颗粒感染大鼠DC细胞后CD86基因的mRNA表达量较阴性对照载体慢病毒感染组下降了90.6%;蛋白表达显著抑制.结论 成功构建了大鼠CD86基因的shRNA慢病毒表达载体,能够在大鼠DC细胞上有效沉默靶基因.     

大鼠硫酸软骨素蛋白多糖基因shRNA慢病毒载体的构建及干扰效率鉴定

背景：最近研究发现硫酸软骨素蛋白多糖(NG2)在中枢神经系统中参与多种生理病理功能,慢病毒载体可感染分裂期细胞或非分裂期的细胞,并能在细胞内高效稳定的表达。 目的：构建大鼠源性NG2基因shRNA慢病毒载体并检测其干扰效率。 方法：选择大鼠NG2基因RNA干扰的靶序列,合成Oligo DNA,退火形成双链DNA,与Hpa Ⅰ和Xho Ⅰ双酶切后的pFU-GW-RNAi载体连接产生pLV-NG2-RNAi,PCR筛选阳性克隆,测序鉴定。将重组载体与pHelper 1.0载体、pHelper 2.0载体通过lipofectamineTM 2000共转染293T细胞包装产生慢病毒LV-NG2-RNAi,收集病毒上清并浓缩。采用孔稀释滴度测定法计算病毒滴度。将LV-NG2-RNAi慢病毒感染C6细胞,于感染后96 h提取细胞总蛋白,采用Western blot检测NG2的表达。 结果与结论：经PCR和测序证实构建片段大小及DNA序列与目的序列一致,实验成功构建大鼠NG2基因shRNA慢病毒载体LV-NG2-RNAi。包装浓缩慢病毒的滴度为8×1011 TU/L。Western blot检测显示在感染复数为50时,感染LV-NG2-RNAi慢病毒的C6细胞较感染对照慢病毒及未感染细胞NG2的表达明显降低,干扰效率可达100%(P < 0.05)。结果证实了实验成功构建大鼠NG2基因shRNA慢病毒载体,且该载体能够在细胞水平有效沉默靶基因。