锰超氧化物歧化酶对脑肿瘤的辅助诊断意义

目的:探讨血清锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)与颅内良恶性肿瘤的关系。方法:采用黄嘌吟氧化酶法测定了50例脑肿瘤患者血清Mn-SOD活性,并做相关性分析。结果:①星形细胞瘤各组血清Mn-SOD活性均明显低于脑膜瘤组及正常对照组(P<0.01);星形细胞瘤Ⅲ、Ⅵ级组亦明显低于星形细胞Ⅰ、Ⅱ级组(P<0.01);而脑膜瘤组与正常对照组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。②术后10d星形细胞瘤各组血清Mn-SOD活性较术前明显升高(P<>0.01),而脑膜瘤组较术前无明显改变。③复发性星形细胞瘤Mn-SOD水平较术后10d明显下降(P<0.01),接近于术前水平。结论:随脑肿瘤恶性程度的增加,血清Mn-SOD活性降低;Mn-SOD可作为鉴别脑肿瘤良恶性的辅助指标,并可为早期诊断复发提供帮助。     

脑肿瘤MRI增强前后的定量分析对鉴别诊断的意义

目的　探讨MRI增强前后对脑肿瘤鉴别诊断有价值的参数指标。方法　对 88例颅内常见肿瘤 ,包括 :星形细胞瘤 3 0例、脑膜瘤 2 0例、血管网状细胞瘤 12例、转移瘤 16例和听神经瘤 10例 (另有 10例肉芽肿性病变 ) ,增强前后的MRI图像进行分析 ,总结出了强化比值 (% )、平扫肿瘤实体部分与正常脑白质的相对信号强度 (RSIc )及增强后肿瘤实体部分与正常脑白质相对信号强度 (RSIGd)几个指标 ,并对这几个指标在各组肿瘤中进行了统计和比较 (独立t检验 ) ,得出各组不同指标的均值、标准差及 χ2 值。结果　RSIGd在良性与恶性星形细胞瘤之间及与其它各组之间均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,与听神经瘤和血管网状细胞瘤相比差异更显著 (P <0 0 1) ,高度星形细胞瘤与听神经瘤和血管网状细胞瘤相比亦有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,脑膜瘤与听神经瘤和血管网状细胞瘤相比有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;良性与恶性星形细胞瘤之间的强化比值 (% )差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但与听神经瘤和血管网状细胞瘤相比亦有差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;脑膜瘤与听神经瘤和血管网状细胞瘤相比也有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;RSIc 在各组中的数值较集中 ,各组之间无明显的统计学意义。结论　RSIGd不但对星形细胞瘤级别的判断、还是在其他脑内肿瘤     

人脑肿瘤的高分辨率质子磁共振波谱

目的　研究脑肿瘤的质子磁共振波谱 (1 H- MRS)特征并分析其生化特性 .方法　手术中获取 2 6份肿瘤标本 ,包括星形细胞瘤 15例 ,脑膜瘤 5例 ,转移瘤 2例 ,神经纤维瘤 2例 ,神经鞘瘤 2例 ;并且获得 4份正常脑组织标本 .经高氯酸提取、标准方法中和及冻干后 ,使用 40 0 MHz超导磁共振仪进行测试 .结果　 1 H- MRS可检测出脑内许多与生化代谢有关的化合物 ,主要有 N-乙酰门冬氨酸 (NAA)、胆碱类化合物(Cho)、肌酸 (Cr)、谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺 (Gln+ Glu)、乳酸 (L ac)等 .脑肿瘤的 1 H- MRS与正常脑组织明显不同 :星形细胞瘤显示 NAA/Cho(正常 1.18± 0 .46 , 级星形细胞瘤 :0 .15±0 .0 5 ,P<0 .0 1)、NAA/Cr比值 (正常 :0 .78± 0 .2 1, 级星形细胞瘤 :0 .2 1± 0 .15 ,P <0 .0 1)下降 ,Cho/Cr(正常 0 .46±0 .11, 级星形细胞瘤 3.6 5± 0 .73,P<0 .0 1)比值升高 ,并且与肿瘤的病理分级有关 .脑膜瘤的 Cho增多 (Cho/Cr比值为2 .6 3± 0 .5 1,P<0 .0 1) ,NAA含量明显减少有时难以检测 ,并且在化学位移 1.47× 10 - 6 处出现异常增高的信号 ,代表丙氨酸 .脑转移瘤显示无 NAA信号 ,化学位移位于乳酸和肌酸之间的化合物消失 ,并且脂质信号增强 .结论　 1 H- MRS可以提供组织生化及代谢方面的信息 ,这对研究脑肿瘤     

益肺抗纤方对博莱霉素诱导大鼠肺纤维化的防治作用

目的 :观察益肺抗纤方抗肺纤维化的作用。方法 :实验用雄性Wistar大鼠分为 4组 ,对照组、模型组、益肺抗纤方组、地塞米松组 ;对照组气管内注入生理盐水 ,其余 3组气管内注入博莱霉素制作大鼠肺纤维化模型。造模后 ,益肺抗纤方组给益肺抗纤方 10ml/kg灌胃 ,地塞米松组给地塞米松 1.5mg/kg腹腔注射 ,模型组和对照组均给生理盐水灌胃 ,均给药 1次 /d。观察各组大鼠肺部病理变化 ,测定各组第 7d、2 8d肺组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、脂质过氧化物 (LPO)和羟脯氨酸 (HP)的含量。结果 :气管内注入博莱霉素第 2 8d时 ,模型组多呈 3级肺纤维化和 1级肺泡炎改变 ;益肺抗纤方组多呈 1级纤维化改变 ,肺泡炎不明显 ;地塞米松组多呈 1级纤维化和 1～ 3级肺泡炎改变 ;对照组呈正常肺结构。第 2 8d时 ,模型组和地塞米松组肺组织SOD活性均较对照组明显下降 (P <0 .0 1和P <0 .0 5 ) ,地塞米松组较模型组SOD活性下降更明显 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;益肺抗纤方组与对照组之间SOD活性无明显差别。对照组、模型组、益肺抗纤方组肺组织LPO含量明显低于地塞米松组 (P <0 .0 1) ;益肺抗纤方组与对照组和模型组之间无明显差别。结论 :益肺抗纤方可通过提高SOD活性 ,降低脂质过氧化 ,减轻氧自由基损伤 ,抑制胶原沉积 ,保护肺组织     

人脑星形细胞瘤PTEN基因杂合性缺失的研究

目的　探讨 PTEN基因杂合性缺失在人脑星形细胞瘤发生和恶性演变中的作用。　方法　应用双重PCR技术对 6 2例星形细胞瘤和 10例良性脑膜瘤 PTEN基因第 5外显子区域进行检测。　结果　发现 10例正常脑组织和 10例良性脑膜瘤无 1例发生基因缺失发生 ,6 2例星形细胞瘤中 2 6例 (41.9% )发生 PTEN基因缺失 ,并且基因缺失的发生与星形细胞瘤病理分级显著相关 (P<0 .0 1)。　结论　 PTEN基因缺失在星形细胞瘤发生发展中起着关键的作用 ,并且有助于星形细胞瘤的分子病理分级     

良恶性胶质瘤的核仁组织区定量研究

使用胶质银染色技术对80例胶质瘤进行核仁组织区(AgNORs)定量研究.其中星形细胞瘤49例(星形细胞瘤Ⅰ级13例,Ⅱ级11例,Ⅲ级25例),室管膜瘤16例(良性室管膜瘤6例,恶性室管膜瘤10例),髓母细胞瘤15例.观察结果表明:星形细胞瘤Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级之间平均每核含Ag—NORs颗粒数相差显著(P<0.05),星形细胞瘤Ⅰ级和Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级及良、恶性室管膜瘤之间平均每核AgNORs颗粒数均相差非常显著(P<0.01).提示AgNORs定量研究有助于良、恶性胶质瘤的鉴别,对肿瘤的分级有一定参考价值.     

脑肿瘤患者尿表皮生长因子检测及其临床意义

目的：检测脑肿瘤患者尿中表皮生长因子（epidermal growth factor，EGF）的含量并探讨其临床意义。方法：采用放射免疫分析方法检测20例脑肿瘤患者尿中EGF的含量，其中脑星形细胞瘤15例（WHO分级1～2级6例，3～4级9例）和脑膜瘤患者5例，手术前后各检测1次，以健康正常人（n=5）作对照。结果：手术前，与脑膜瘤患者和健康人相比，脑星形细胞瘤患者尿EGF含量明显增高（P〈0．01），且WHO分级3～4级患者尿EGF含量较1～2级者明显增高（P〈0．05）；手术后，脑星形细胞瘤患者尿EGF含量明显下降（P〈0.01）；而脑膜瘤患者尿EGF含量在手术前后无明显变化，与对照组相比，差异均无统计学意义。结论：脑星形细胞瘤患者尿EGF水平与病理级别相关，且其纵向变化与手术治疗前后同步，提示尿EGF含量的检测对星形细胞瘤的诊断和治疗效果评价有实际指导意义。     

中枢神经系统肿瘤DNA图像定量分析特征

目的　研究 DNA图像定量分析对中枢神经系统良恶性肿瘤的辅助判定和应用价值 .方法　组织细胞化学方法结合图像分析技术 ,测定肿瘤细胞 DNA含量及 DNA倍体细胞分布状况 .结果　 18组 7种中枢神经系统最常见肿瘤细胞 DNA相对含量和 DNA指数分别为 :良性肿瘤 :脑膜瘤(3.30± 1.17) ,(1.36± 0 .32 ) ;垂体腺瘤 (3.5 2± 1.14) ,(1.46± 0 .39) ;听神经瘤 (3.18± 0 .94) ,(1.35± 0 .2 7) ;颅咽管瘤(3.44± 1.0 4) ,(1.32± 0 .2 3) ;低度恶性肿瘤 :室管膜瘤 (4 .40± 1.43) ,(1.5 8± 0 .2 8) ;星形细胞瘤 ～ 级 (4 .41± 1.10 ) ,(1.6 0± 0 .2 5 ) ;高度恶性肿瘤 :髓母细胞瘤 (5 .6 2± 2 .11) ,(2 .34± 0 .83) ;星形细胞瘤 ～ 级 (6 .6 2± 1.42 ) ,(2 .82±0 .48) . Q值法各组间两两比较显示 :低度和高度恶性肿瘤与良性肿瘤间存在显著的组别差异 (P<0 .0 1) ;低度恶性肿瘤与高度恶性肿瘤间存在显著的组别差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) . 2 DNA倍体细胞分布百分率 :恶性肿瘤与良性肿瘤间 ,低度恶性和高度恶性肿瘤间存在显著的组别差异 (P<0 .0 1) .结论　由高分化肿瘤至低分化肿瘤 DNA含量呈递增表现 ,肿瘤恶性程度与五倍体和超五倍体细胞百分率呈正相关 .DNA图像定量分析技术是辅助判定中枢神经系统良恶性肿     

脑肿瘤应用磁共振弥散联合波谱分析技术诊断的临床价值

目的探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)联合波谱分析技术(MRS)应用于临床诊断脑肿瘤的价值。方法回顾性分析资料完整经手术及组织病理学确诊为脑肿瘤的78例患者临床和影像资料。所有患者均行磁共振扫描检查,并予弥散加权成像及波谱分析。比较不同脑肿瘤及其对侧正常区域脑组织的ADC值,记录不同肿瘤代谢物变化情况。结果脑膜瘤平均ADC值明显高于对侧正常区域脑组织ADC值,差异有统计学意义(t=7.96,P0.05);脑转移瘤平均ADC值高于对侧正常区域脑组织ADC值,差异有统计学意义(t=4.94,P0.05);星形细胞瘤平均ADC值为高于对侧正常区域脑组织ADC值,差异有统计学意义(t=9.09,P0.05)。脑膜瘤、脑转移瘤和星形细胞瘤之间ADC值方差分析无统计学意义(P0.05)。I-II级星形细胞瘤与III~IV级星形细胞瘤ADC值差异有统计学意义(t=7.18,P0.05),与对照侧正常组织差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。脑转移瘤、脑膜瘤及星形细胞瘤NAA水平明显低于正常脑组织NAA水平,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);星形细胞瘤NAA/Cho和NAA/Cr值明显高于脑转移瘤、脑膜瘤,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论磁共振弥散成像对脑肿瘤诊断和鉴别诊断有一定价值,ADC值本身并不能很好鉴别实性肿瘤,联合应用波谱分析技术,并结合常规磁共振检查可对常见脑肿瘤进行定性分析和恶性程度分级,为临床诊断和治疗方案制定提供参考依据。     

p27kip1在星形细胞瘤中表达的意义

目的检测p27kipl在星形细胞瘤中的表达并探讨其在星形细胞瘤发生、发展中的作用。方法采用免疫组化S-P法检测了59例星形细胞瘤的表达。结果p27kipl在星形细胞瘤良性组(I级、Ⅱ级)表达阳性率76.9％(30/39)高于恶性组(Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级)50.0％(10/20)(P<0.05)。p27kipl表达水平与星形细胞瘤分级呈负相关(r=-0.487,P<0.0001)。结论细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂p27kipl在星形细胞瘤发生、发展中起重要作用；p27kip1可作为良恶性星形细胞瘤辅助鉴别诊断标记物。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.