经皮插入锁定加压钢板微创治疗胫骨中下段骨折(附16例报告)

目的探讨应用锁定加压钢板结合经皮微创钢板固定技术治疗胫骨中下段骨折的方法和疗效。方法2010年5月～2013年6月我院收治16例胫骨中下段闭合性骨折,均采用闭合复位经皮插入锁定加压钢板内固定微创治疗,术后早期无负重功能锻炼,6～8周后部分负重。术后定期门诊摄X线片随访,观察骨折愈合和踝关节功能恢复情况。结果 16例患者随访6～15个月(平均9.5个月),切口均一期愈合,无感染、皮肤坏死,内固定物无松动或断裂,无骨折延迟愈合或畸形愈合发生。结论应用锁定加压钢板结合经皮微创钢板固定技术治疗胫骨中下段骨折具有操作简单、损伤小、骨折愈合率高、功能恢复快等优点,是治疗胫骨中下段骨折理想的治疗方法。     

MIPPO技术LCP内固定治疗胫骨下段远端骨折

目的探讨微创经皮接骨板内固定技术(MIPPO)应用锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定治疗胫骨下段远端骨折的手术方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年1月收治的胫骨下段远端骨折患者96例,暴露骨折端,间接复位后,行小切口经皮使用LCP内固定,术后无需外固定,早期开始膝、踝关节功能锻炼。结果术后切口均获得一期愈合。所有患者随访12～24个月,按照按Johner-Wruhs的疗效评价标准:优74例,良20例,中2例,优良率为97.9%,无皮肤坏死、骨折不愈合等并发症发生。结论 MIPPO技术LCP内固定治疗胫骨下段远端骨折有较可靠的疗效,对皮肤软组织和骨膜血运的损伤小,切口和骨折愈合率高,并发症少。     

应用胫骨远端L形锁定钢板治疗严重Pilon骨折的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨胫骨远端L形锁定钢板治疗严重Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法:选取2016年5月～2018年10月期间我院收治的30例严重Pilon骨折患者,所有患者均采取切开复位胫骨远端L形锁定钢板内固定进行治疗,并对患者术后康复进行指导。结果:术后18～25月对患者进行随访,患者骨折愈合时间为10～18个月;30例患者中优17例,良8例,可3例,差2例,优良率为83.33%,其中Ⅱ型骨折患者优良率为93.33%,Ⅲ型骨折优良率为73.33%;4例患者存在切口感染、渗液情况,采取措施后,伤口愈合良好,1例患者存在踝关节完全僵硬情况,2例骨折端愈合延迟,2例出现跛形、疼痛情况。结论:采取胫骨远端L形锁定钢板治疗严重Pilon骨折可使角度稳定性支撑范围扩大,提高临床治疗效果。     

锁定钢板微创治疗胫骨远端骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨应用经皮解剖型锁定钢板内固定术治疗胫骨远端骨折的方法及疗效。方法采用经皮微创解剖型锁定钢板内固定治疗术治疗胫骨远端骨折30例。结果 30例随访10～24个月,未出现骨折延迟愈合及不愈合,根据Mazuretal的踝关节症状和功能评价标准,优良率为93.3%。结论应用经皮微创解剖型锁定钢板内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折,具有手术创伤小,骨折愈合快,术后并发症少,肢体功能恢复良好等特点。解剖型锁定钢板内固定术是治疗胫腓骨远端骨折的一种理想内固定方法。     

锁定加压钢板内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折

目的 评价锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折的疗效.方法 采用LCP治疗胫骨远端骨折36例.根据AO分型,A型骨折8例,B型骨折12例,C型骨折16例.采用间接复位技术21例,切开复位技术15例.术后早期进行踝关节功能锻炼.结果 平均随访14个月,所有骨折均愈合,平均愈合时间4.5个月.采用Teeny和Wiss评分评价踝关节功能:优21例,良9例,一般5例,差1例.3例出现伤口浅表感染,1例浅层皮肤坏死,1例皮肤坏死切口裂开钢板外露.结论 采用LCP内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折疗效满意.     

锁定加压钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折的临床价值分析

目的：探讨锁定加压钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折患者的临床价值。方法选取本院在2010年1月-2012年6月收治的胫骨远端骨折患者40例,所有患者均行锁定加压钢板内固定治疗。结果对所有患者进行为期6-18个月,所有患者骨折均为一期愈合,无严重并发症发生,根据Mazur判定标准,总体优良率达90.0%。结论锁定加压钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折具有创伤小、并发症少、固定牢靠的特点。     

新型胫骨远端前外侧锁定加压钢板用于Pilon骨折内固定

目的介绍新型AO胫骨远端前外侧锁定加压钢板（LCP）治疗胫骨远端骨折（Pilon骨折）的初步经验。方法手术治疗8例闭合性Pilon骨折,腓骨作外踝后方纵切口,复位后用1／3管形或重建钢板固定;胫骨远端骨折采用踝关节前方中点纵向直切13,复位后采用胫骨远端前外侧LCP内固定,术后进行定期临床随访,观察初步疗效。结果术后7例患者获得随访3—6个月（平均4．5个月）。虽有1例切VI出现短暂的表浅轻微炎症,最终所有切口均一期愈合,无深部感染发生。按照Burwell—Chamley骨折复位放射学评价标准,解剖复位5例,1例复位好,1例可;采用Tometta治疗Pilon骨折临床评价标准对5例术后超过5个月随访的患者进行临床疗效评估,4例优,1例良。结论掌握好手术时机,胫骨远端前外侧锁定加压钢板用于胫骨远端骨折治疗牢固可靠,皮肤并发症少,值得推荐。     

经皮微创锁定加压钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折

目的总结经皮微创锁定加压钢板(1ocking compression plate,LCP)内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法统计2008年1月至2011年1月,医院采用经皮微创LCP内固定治疗胫骨骨折23例,随访6～24个月。结果术后切口均I期愈合。随访6～24个月后,所有患者无感染、钢板外露、骨不连等并发症,骨折平均愈合时间14.6周,Joher-Wruhs评分[1],优14例,良9例。结论经皮微创LCP内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折符合生物学固定原则,有利于胫骨骨折的愈合及骨折端软组织的修复。     

两种复位内固定在胫骨远端骨折中的疗效比较

目的探讨切开复位锁定钢板内固定和间接复位经皮锁定钢板内固定在胫骨远端骨折中的应用,并且比较两种方法的治疗效果。方法根据复位方法将84例患者分为两组:观察组和对照组。其中观察组有39例患者,给予间接复位、经皮置入锁定钢板内固定;对照组为45例患者,给予直接复位、锁定钢板内固定。结果观察组39例患者有35例患者骨折愈合,3例患者为延迟愈合,1例患者未愈合;有2例患者的切口发生了感染。对照组45例患者有31例患者骨折愈合,12例患者为延迟愈合,2例患者未愈合;有3例患者的切口发生了感染,2例患者皮肤坏死。结论胫骨远端骨折采用间位复位治疗避免了骨折端的暴露,从而使得手术中的创伤得以减少,手术后疼痛以及切口并发症减少了,疗效较好。     

Mippo技术结合锁定加压接骨板治疗胫骨远端骨折临床疗效

目的探讨胫骨远端骨折应用微创经皮钢板内固定(Mippo)技术结合锁定加压接骨板治疗的临床疗效。方法50例胫骨远端骨折患者,采用Mippo技术结合锁定加压接骨板治疗,观察治疗效果。结果患者手术时间55~110 min,平均手术时间65.5 min;术中出血量70~230 ml,平均术中出血量85.5 ml。所有患者切口无感染、坏死等情况,均愈合良好。患者全部愈合,愈合时间为13~20周,平均愈合时间15周。患者均获得3~17个月随访,按Johner-Wruhs评分标准,优26例,良20例,差4例,优良率为92.0%。结论胫骨远端骨折患者采用Mippo技术结合锁定加压接骨板固定方法治疗,骨折愈合率高,并发症较少,创伤小,大大提高了手术治疗优良率,可显著改善患者的临床症状,是治疗胫骨远端骨折的理想方法,值得临床推广使用。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.