经内镜射频消融治疗胃肠道肿瘤

文献已有报道，射频消融治疗肝脏肿瘤获得成功。为探讨射频消融治疗胃肠道肿瘤的临床价值，对一组胃肠道肿瘤患者采用射频消融术，观察其临床效应、不良反应、安全性，为其推广应用提供客观依据。现将自2001年10月～2002年9月经内镜直视下射频消融治疗的108例胃肠道肿瘤患者的结果总结如下。     

射频消融治疗肝脏肿瘤的护理

目的总结射频消融（RFA）治疗肝脏肿瘤的护理措施。方法应用美国RITA1500型射频治疗仪在彩超引导下对肝癌患者实施RFA治疗,术前完善各项准备工作、术中密切配合,术后精心护理。结果 22例肝癌患者,RFA治疗25次,术中3例出现恶心呕吐,6例血压升高;术后5例出现发热,3例出现局部胀痛,对症处理后均缓解或消失,无一例出现肠漏、胆漏、出血、皮肤灼伤、电极针折断等并发症。结论精心的术前、术中和术后护理是保证RFA治疗肝脏肿瘤成功的重要举措。     

胆管支架联合光动力和（或）射频消融治疗在肝外胆管癌中的应用

为探讨内镜下胆管支架置入后行光动力治疗（photodynamic therapy,PDT）和（或）射频消融术（radiofrequency ablation,RFA）在不可切除肝外胆管癌（extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,EHCC）姑息治疗中的应用,回顾性分析了2017年1月至2023年1月在青岛大学附属医院消化内科治疗的5例EHCC患者的临床资料。5例患者均先接受胆管支架置入治疗,支架置入后6个月内接受PDT和（或）RFA。5例患者手术均成功。治疗后,5例患者血清胆红素水平均明显下降,术后恢复良好,1~3 d即好转出院。1例患者出现感染性并发症,其余均未发生不良事件。胆管支架治疗先于PDT和（或）RFA对EHCC进行姑息治疗,为后续PDT和（或）RFA顺利进行创造良好条件,可明显提高手术成功率,快速有效解除管腔梗阻,减少术后不良事件的发生,缩短术后恢复时间。     

内镜下射频消融治疗胆道疾病的疗效

射频消融（radiofrequency ablation,RFA）已往主要用于遏制局部肿瘤。随着内镜成像技术的进步和内镜下新型RFA探针的出现,RFA用于胆管良恶性狭窄的报道层出不穷。本文就RFA治疗胆道疾病的研究进展进行了综述。     

射频消融治疗肝内血管旁转移瘤24例

目的:评价CT引导下射频消融治疗肝内血管(直径>3mm)旁转移瘤的疗效及安全性.方法:24例单发肝转移瘤患者行RFA治疗(年龄范围:36-95岁,男女比例18∶6),所有病灶均在肝内直径>3mm的血管旁.肿瘤直径为:1.7-5.1cm.对照组选择同期行RFA的单发肝脏转移瘤患者,且病灶远离血管或者胆囊等,共25例.术后1、3、6、12、24mo分别行影像学检查随访.结果:24例患者共24个病灶接受了治疗.20例患者(83%)获得了完全的肿瘤坏死.4例患者出现了病灶周边不规则的强化,接受了再次治疗.2年随访肿瘤局部控制率为50%.试验组仅1例患者出现肝内小血肿,其余患者均未发生血管相关并发症.结论:即使紧邻肝内大血管的转移瘤,行RFA仍然安全、有效,并发症少,肿瘤进展率低.     

经导管射频消融治疗快速心律失常的现状和进展

经导管射频消融治疗快速心律失常的现状和进展湖北省武汉市第二医院心内科韩肇木综述湖北省人民医院心内科黄从新审校１９８７年，Ｈｕａｎｇ［１］首先报道将射频（Ｒａｄｉｌｆｒｅｎｇｕｔｂｅｙｅｎｅｒｇｙ，ＲＦ）电流消融心内膜以来，大量动物实验和临床资料证明该...     

经内镜内支架置入术治疗中晚期胰腺癌

本文介绍了胆、胰、十二指肠内镜支架治疗技术及其在胰腺癌治疗中缓解症状、提高生活质量和延长生存期的作用,对临床工作具有指导意义。     

经内镜细胞刷检对胆胰肿瘤的诊断价值

经内镜细胞刷检对胆胰肿瘤的诊断价值任旭，徐秀芬，李红梅，杜明，朱春兰胆管、胰腺肿瘤通过影像学检查，对典型者不难诊断，但常遇到良恶性鉴别困难的病例，使临床医师感到困惑。经内镜胆管、胰管细胞刷检报道很少［１］，我院近一年来开展此项目，探讨对胆管、胰腺肿瘤...     

腔内射频消融治疗胆管恶性狭窄的初步研究

目的 探讨内镜下应用腔内射频消融技术姑息性治疗胆管恶性狭窄的安全性及可行性.方法 前瞻性选取胆管恶性梗阻无法手术切除的12例患者实施ERCP,在胆管插管成功后,循导丝导入专用双极射频电极,于肿瘤部位进行射频烧灼,然后留置胆道支架,观察术后恢复情况并密切随访.结果 所有患者均成功完成射频消融治疗并留置胆道支架(塑料支架6例,金属支架6例,其中3例患者同期放置胰管支架).出现胆管炎1例,胰腺炎1例,均短期保守治疗控制.黄疸迅速缓解率为58.3％ (7/12);平均随访3.4个月(0.5 ～5.5个月),1个月末支架通畅率为100％ (12/12),3个月末通畅率为80％ (8/10);1例患者死于心脑血管意外,其余患者均存活无特殊不适.结论 对于胆管恶性狭窄,经内镜进行腔内射频治疗是安全可行的,初步疗效满意,但远期疗效及最佳治疗方案仍有待进一步探讨.     

经内镜微创治疗胆胰疾病的应用价值

目的　探讨经内镜微创治疗胆胰疾病的应用价值。方法　回顾性分析 1995年 7月至 2 0 0 2年 3月经内镜微创治疗胆胰疾病 42 2例次的效果及并发症 ,探讨各种方法的应用价值及优缺点。结果　 42 2例患者分别采取了乳头切开、气囊扩张、机械碎石、取石、鼻胆引流术、胆道放置内支架等治疗 ,其成功率为 94 5 5 %,并发症3 79%。结论　内镜微创治疗胆胰疾病有效、安全且对病人损伤小、可代替部分胆胰疾病的外科手术治疗。     

Impact of biliary stent-related events in patients diagnosed with advanced pancreatobiliary tumours receiving palliative chemotherapy

AIM: To determine the impact(morbidity/mortality) of biliary stent-related events(SRE)(cholangitis or stent obstruction) in chemotherapy-treated pancreaticobiliary patients.METHODS: All consecutive patients with advanced pancreatobiliary cancer and a biliary stent in-situ prior to starting palliative chemotherapy were identified retrospectively from local electronic case-note records(Jan 13 to Jan 15). The primary end-point was SRE rate and the time-to-SRE(defined as time from first stenting before chemotherapy to date of SRE). Progressionfree survival and overall survival were measured from the time of starting chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier, Cox and Fine-Gray regression(univariate and multivariable) analyses were employed, as appropriate. For the analysis of time-to-SRE, death was considered as a competing event.RESULTS: Ninety-six out of 693 screened patients were eligible; 89% had a metal stent(the remainder were plastic). The median time of follow-up was 9.6 mo(range 2.2 to 26.4). Forty-one patients(43%)developed a SRE during follow-up [cholangitis(39%), stent obstruction(29%), both(32%)]. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the SRE group and no-SRE groups. Recorded SRE-consequences were: none(37%), chemotherapy delay(24%), discontinuation(17%) and death(22%). The median time-to-SRE was 4.4 mo(95%CI: 3.6-5.5). Patients with severe comorbidities(P 0.001) and patients with ≥ 2 baseline stents/biliary procedures [HR = 2.3(95%CI: 1.2-4.44), P = 0.010] had a shorter time-to-SRE on multivariable analysis. Stage was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival(P = 0.029) in the multivariable analysis adjusted for primary tumour site, performance status and development of SRE(SRE group vs no-SRE group).CONCLUSION: SREs are common and impact on patient's morbidity. Our results highlight the need for prospective studies exploring the role of prophylactic strategies to prevent/delay SREs.     

Managing malignant biliary obstruction in pancreas cancer: Choosing the appropriate strategy

Most patients with pancreatic cancer develop malignant biliary obstruction. Treatment of obstruction is generally indicated to relieve symptoms and improve morbidity and mortality. First-line therapy consists of endoscopic biliary stent placement. Recent data comparing plastic stents to self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) has shown improved patency with SEMS. The decision of whether to treat obstruction and the means for doing so depends on the clinical scenario. For patients with resectable disease, preoperative biliary decompression is only indicated when surgery will be delayed or complications of jaundice exist. For patients with locally advanced disease, self-expanding metal stents are superior to plastic stents for long-term patency. For patients with advanced disease, the choice of metallic or plastic stent depends on life expectancy. When endoscopic stent placement fails, percutaneous or surgical treatments are appropriate. Endoscopic therapy or surgical approach can be used to treat concomitant duodenal and biliary obstruction.     

胰胆疾病的胆树形态分析

目的:探索胆胰疾病的ERCP胆树形态表现规律．方法:回顾性分析胆胰疾病患者190例ERCP术后胆树形态、肝内外胆管扩张的影响因素及与胰胆疾病的关系．结果:经ERCP检查的190例患者中,4例未成功,38例不具备完整的胆树形态,148例具有完整胆树的形态,其中正常胆树18例,见于无胰胆病患者及慢性胰腺炎患者．表现为冬眠树形态的15例,胆总管平均直径1．41±0．25 cm,多见于胆总管结石平均直径为0．69±0．22 cm的患者;表现为青柳树形态的56例,胆总管平均直径1．69±0．39 cm,结石平均直径为1．32±0．44 cm;枯树枝状胆树36例,胆总管平均直径1．80±0．47 cm,多见于结石平均直径为1．33±0．46 cm的患者,少见于下段胆管癌和下段炎性狭窄者．软藤状胆树17例,常见于下段胆管癌和胰头癌患者,胆总管平均直径为2．35±0．62 cm．不规则型6例,胆总管平均直径1．70±0．27 cm,无优势病种．结论:胆树形态与胰胆疾病及严重程度有关,胰胆疾病的性质及部位决定了胆总管直径及扩张程度,通过胆树形态可初步判断疾病性质．     

胰腺癌合并胃出口及胆管梗阻的内镜治疗及疗效

目的探讨胰腺癌伴胃出13及胆管梗阻的内镜治疗策略及疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年12月沈阳军区总医院收治的106例晚期胰腺癌伴胃出口及胆管梗阻患者的一般临床资料、内镜治疗方法、术后并发症及疗效。结果106例患者中男性57例,女性49例,平均年龄（63±6）岁。共行134次内镜治疗,平均1．3次／人。共放置肠道支架112枚,胆管支架89枚,胰管支架55枚,其中肠道支架均为一次性放置成功。胆管、胰管及肠道3种支架同时放置者55例（51．9％）,胆管、肠道双支架同时放置23例（21．7％）,28例（26．4％）因内镜无法通过狭窄段而先放置肠道支架,再经肠道支架完成胆管支架置入。83例（78．3％）患者于支架置人术后9—14d恢复正常饮食。术后并发黑便9例,高淀粉酶血症6例,呕血1例,均经对症治疗后治愈;1例术后第3天支架经肛门排出。83例获得24周随访,死亡49例（59．0％）,平均生存期（128±33）d。随访期发生肠道支架堵塞6例,4例放置第2枚肠道支架,2例取出肠道支架后重新放置。结论多支架治疗胰腺癌伴胃出口及胆管梗阻是安全的,并发症发生率低,近期疗效确切,并能明显改善患者的生活质量。     

内镜下同期放置双侧金属胆道支架的方法探讨

目的 探讨经内镜同期置入双侧可膨式金属胆道支架的方法。方法9例Ⅱ～Ⅳ型肝门部胆管恶性梗阻患者,平均血胆红素（162．8±193．8）μmol／L,内镜下插入双导丝分别留置在左、右侧胆管内,在充分扩张狭窄段后,逐一插入金属支架至双侧肝管予以释放。观察操作的便利性、成功率、控制黄疸有效性、早期并发症和近期的临床疗效。结果全组均一次成功置入双侧支架,分别采用“Y”型支架置入法2例、塑料支架过渡法1例和并行支架法6例,平均耗时（38．1±14．8）min,以并行法置入且留置支架末端在乳头外的方法最为便捷。9例患者术后除1例外其他黄疸均迅速消退,3周内均退至正常,无明显并发症发生。结论同期置人双侧金属支架是安全可行的,可迅速有效地控制肝门部肿瘤所致的黄疸和胆道感染;采用特殊设计的金属支架并行置入,并将支架末端留置在乳头外,是较为简便效佳的方法。     

Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in pancreaticobiliary malignancy

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) and cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) are two malignancies that carry significant morbidity and mortality. The poor prognoses of these cancers are strongly related to lack of effective screening modalities as well as few therapeutic options. In this review, we highlight novel biomarkers that have the potential to be used as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive markers. The focus of this review is biomarkers that can be evaluated on endoscopically-obtained biopsies or brush specimens in the pre-operative setting. We also provide an overview of novel serum based markers in the early diagnosis of both PDAC and CCA. In pancreatic cancer, the emphasis is placed on prognostic and theranostic markers, whereas in CCA the utility of molecular markers in diagnosis and prognosis are highlighted.     

Management of occluded self-expanding biliary metal stents in malignant biliary disease

Background: Occlusion of self-expanding metal stents(SEMS) in malignant biliary obstruction occurs in up to 40% of patients. This study aimed to compare the different techniques to resolve stent occlusion in our collective of patients.Methods: Patients with malignant biliary obstruction and occlusion of biliary metal stent at a tertiary referral endoscopic center were retrospectively identified between April 1, 1994 and May 31, 2014. The clinical records were further analyzed regarding the characteristics of patients, malignant strictures, SEMS,management strategies, stent patency, subsequent interventions, survival time and case charges.Results: A total of 108 patients with biliary metal stent occlusion were identified. Seventy-nine of these patients were eligible for further analysis. Favored management was plastic stent insertion in 73.4% patients. Second SEMS were inserted in 12.7% patients. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and mechanical cleansing were conducted in a minority of patients. Further analysis showed no statistically significant difference in median overall secondary stent patency(88 vs. 143 days, P = 0.069), median survival time(95 vs. 192 days, P = 0.116), median subsequent intervention rate(53.4% vs. 40.0%, P = 0.501)and median case charge(€5145 vs. €3473, P = 0.803) for the treatment with a second metal stent insertion compared to plastic stent insertion. In patients with survival time of more than three months,significantly more patients treated with plastic stents needed re-interventions than patients treated with second SEMS(93.3% vs. 57.1%, P = 0.037).Conclusions: In malignant biliary strictures, both plastic and metal stent insertions are feasible strategies for the treatment of occluded SEMS. Our data suggest that in palliative biliary stenting, patients especially those with longer expected survival might benefit from second SEMS insertion. Careful patient selection is important to ensure a proper decision for either management strategy.