五大连池矿泉水结合中药治疗慢性再生障碍性贫血疗效观察

目的：探讨五大连池矿泉水结合中药治疗慢性再生障碍性贫血(Chronic aplascie anemia简称CAA)的疗效。方法：对黑龙江中医药大学附属医院血液内科55例CAA住院患，饮用五大连池矿泉水结合中药治疗4个月与对照组25例做治疗前后对比观察。结果：观察组有效率81.8％，对照组有效率32％，两组疗效比较有显意义．x^2=10.24，P<0．01，治疗后外周血象观察组与对照组RBC、Hb（P<0．01)、RC(P<0.05)有明显差异。结论：五大连池矿泉水饮用结合中药治疗CAA有一定疗效．可提高患生存质量。     

祛毒散合重组促红细胞生成素治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的临床观察

目的：探讨中药祛毒散合重组促红细胞生成素（ｒＨｕＥＰＯ）治疗慢性肾功能衰竭（ＣＲＦ）的疗效。方法：将９４例ＣＲＦ患者随机分为２组，治疗组４８例用祛毒散合ｒＨｕＥＰＯ治疗，对照组４６例只用祛毒散治疗，观察２组疗效。结果：２组患者的症状、体征均得到有效的改善，血肌酐和尿素氮降低。治疗组对食欲不振、面色萎黄、疲乏无力症状的改善优于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）；治疗组血红蛋白和红细胞压积明显升高（Ｐ均＜０．０１），对照组无明显改变（Ｐ均＞０．０５）。治疗组２２．９％的患者血压较前升高。结论：祛毒散能改善ＣＲＦ患者的生活质量及肾功能，但不能纠正肾性贫血（ＲＡ）；与ｒＨｕＥＰＯ合用则能纠正ＲＡ，却又引起部分ＣＲＦ患者血压升高。     

肺表面活性物质治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征的实验研究

目的：观察外源性肺表面活性物质（ＰＳ）对实验性急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ＡＲＤＳ）的疗效。方法：１８只新西兰白兔油酸诱发ＡＲＤＳ后，９只在机械通气基础上经气道滴入猪ＰＳ（１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，为ＰＳ组），另外９只给于单纯机械通气作为对照组，均观察４小时。于动物实验的基础状态、治疗前及治疗后１小时、２小时、４小时测定肺功能残气量（ＦＲＣ）、动脉血气和肺泡动脉血氧分压差〔Ｐ（Ａ－ａ）Ｏ２〕。实验结束时观察肺病理形态并测定肺泡容积密度（ＶＶ）。结果：治疗后，对照组ＦＲＣ和动脉血氧分压（ＰａＯ２）／氧浓度（ＦｉＯ２）比值（ＯＩ）呈下降趋势，而ＰＳ组ＦＲＣ和ＯＩ明显高于治疗前和同时间点的对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１），Ｐ（Ａ－ａ）Ｏ２明显低于治疗前和同时间点的对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）。病理形态观察见对照组广泛性肺不张、肺泡和间质水肿、出血和炎性细胞浸润，ＰＳ组上述改变较轻，ＶＶ增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：外源性肺表面活性物质对兔油酸型ＡＲＤＳ模型有一定的治疗效果     

血清酮体比值判断感染性多脏器功能失常综合征病情严重程度及预后的意义

目的：探讨血清酮体比值（ＡＫＢＲ）对判断感染性多脏器功能失常综合征病情轻重程度和预后的意义。方法：测定正常对照组、肝硬化组、急性感染组（又分Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３组）患者乙酰乙酸（ＡｃＡｃ）、β羟丁酸（３ＨＢ）及ＡＫＢＲ等指标水平。结果：肝硬化组ＡｃＡｃ〔（０．４２±０．１５）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ〕和３ＨＢ〔（０．８２±０．１８）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ〕明显低于正常对照组〔（０．９９±０．２０）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ和（１．４０±０．２５）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ〕，Ｐ均＜０．０１；急性感染Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３组的ＰａＯ２、乳酸、阴离子间隙具有显著性差异（Ｐ均＜０．０１）；ＡＫＢＲ与ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅢ评分呈明显负相关（ｒ＝－０．８１２，Ｐ＜０．００１）；血清酮体水平与ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅢ评分间无明显直线相关关系（ｒ＝０．１６３，Ｐ＞０．０５）；ＡＫＢＲ和ＰａＯ２与ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅢ评分间有明显相关性（ｒ＝０．７２２，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：ＡＫＢＲ能更早期、直接、准确地反映肝细胞线粒体的受损程度和能量代谢状态，可以作为评估感染性ＭＯＤＳ病情严重程度及预后的重要指标。     

中西医结合治疗老年慢性肾功能衰竭临床疗效观察

目的：观察中西医结合治疗老年慢性肾功能衰竭的临床疗效。方法：将６０例老年慢性肾功能衰竭患者随机分为中西医结合治疗组（３０例）和对照组（３０例）。中西医结合治疗组给予低蛋白饮食,应用必需氨基酸,口服百令胶囊和中药汤剂;对照组则采用低蛋白饮食,口服包醛氧化淀粉。观察治疗前后２组患者症状变化及血肌酐（ＳＣｒ）和肌酐清除率（ＣＣｒ）变化。结果：中西医结合治疗组总有效率８０％,对照组总有效率６０％,２组疗效比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。２组治疗后ＳＣｒ均下降,且中西医结合治疗组治疗前后比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）;ＣＣｒ均升高,中西医结合治疗组治疗前后比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）;对照组治疗前后ＳＣｒ、ＣＣｒ均无显著性差异。结论：中西医结合治疗老年慢性肾功能衰竭有较好的临床疗效。     

诺迪康胶囊治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的疗效及其对血小板聚集率的影响

目的：评价诺迪康胶囊治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）的临床疗效及其对血小板聚集率的影响。方法：４６例冠心病患者随机分２组，分别服用诺迪康胶囊和复方丹参片４周；治疗前后进行心电图和血小板聚集率（ＰＡＲ）检查。结果：３０例患者服诺迪康胶囊前后ＰＡＲ分别为０．７３±０．１５和０．６３±０．１２（Ｐ＜０．０１），与对照组治疗后（０．６９±０．１５）比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），心绞痛临床总有效率为９０．０％，明显高于对照组６２．５％（Ｐ＜０．０５），心电图改善总有效率（６１．５％）高于对照组（５３．９％），但无显著差异。结论：诺迪康胶囊可明显降低ＰＡＲ，改善胸痛症状及心电图ＳＴＴ改变。     

中西医结合“冬病夏治”方法治疗支气管哮喘64例疗效观察

目的：探讨中西医结合“冬病夏治”方法治疗支气管哮喘的临床疗效和作用机制。方法：１２４例支气管哮喘患者随机分为３组,中药外敷组（Ａ组）３０例,西药注射组（Ｂ组）３０例,中西医结合组（Ｃ组）６４例。Ａ组用自拟白芥子涂敷散背部穴位外敷;Ｂ组在双侧定喘穴穴位注射丙种球蛋白各２ｍｌ,腋窝皮下注射转移因子２ｍｌ,肌肉注射核酪注射液２ｍｌ;Ｃ组同时采用上述２种治疗方法。以上３种方法均于每年三伏天各治疗１次,３年为１个疗程。结果：Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３组的显效率分别为３０．０％、１０．０％和４３．８％,总有效率分别为７３．３％、６０．０％和９５．３％。Ｃ组的总有效率均明显高于Ａ组和Ｂ组,显效率明显高于Ｂ组,经统计学处理均具有显著性差异（Ｐ均＜０．０１）。说明Ｃ组的疗效优于Ａ组和Ｂ组。Ａ、Ｃ２组还能降低全血比粘度（Ｐ均＜０．０１）,Ｃ组能使血浆比粘度明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：中西医结合“冬病夏治”方法治疗支气管哮喘的临床疗效优于单纯中医外敷治疗和西药注射治疗。     

复方丹参注射液加能量合剂治疗慢性肾功能衰竭

目的：探讨复方丹参注射液加能量合剂治疗慢性肾功能衰竭（ＣＲＦ）的疗效。方法：将４１例ＣＲＦ患者随机分为２组，治疗组２１例在对症治疗基础上加静滴复方丹参注射液及能量合剂治疗，对照组２０例采用一般对症及静滴葡萄糖、胰岛素治疗，治疗１个疗程后观察２组疗效。结果：治疗组总有效率为８５．７１％，对照组总有效率为３５．００％，治疗组明显优于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。治疗组治疗后血尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）、血肌酐（ＳＣｒ）均下降，与治疗前比较均有显著性差异（Ｐ均＜０．０５）。对照组治疗后ＢＵＮ、ＳＣｒ与治疗前比较均无显著性差异（Ｐ均＞０．０５）。结论：复方丹参注射液加能量合剂可保护残余肾功能，延缓ＣＲＦ的发展，有较好的治疗前景     

中西医结合治疗慢性肾功能衰竭并心脏病变的疗效观察

目的：探讨中西医结合治疗慢性肾功能衰竭（ＣＲＦ）并心脏病变的临床疗效。方法：将３５５ 例ＣＲＦ并心脏病变的患者随机分为中西医结合治疗组（治疗组,２９９ 例）和西医治疗对照组（对照组,５６ 例）。对照组给予血液透析合西药对症治疗,治疗组在对照组的一般治疗（２０１ 例血透,９８ 例结肠中药透析）基础上辨证分型加服中药汤剂治疗。观察治疗前后２ 组患者心脏病变和血肌酐（ＳＣｒ）的变化。结果：治疗组总有效率９３．９８％ ,对照组总有效率７５．００％ ,２ 组疗效比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。２ 组治疗后ＳＣｒ均下降,治疗组治疗后〔（４５３．１±９２．２）μｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ〕与对照组治疗后〔（５９２．０±１１３．６）μｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ〕比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。结论：中西医结合治疗ＣＲＦ并心脏病变优于单纯西医治疗。     

双黄连注射液治疗肾综合征出血热32例疗效观察

目的：观察双黄连注射液治疗肾综合征出血热（ＨＦＲＳ）的临床疗效。方法：将５２ 例ＨＦＲＳ患者随机分为治疗组（３２ 例）和对照组（２０ 例）,治疗组在常规西药治疗基础上加用双黄连注射液,与对照组单纯常规西药治疗作疗效对比观察。结果：治疗组总有效率９０．６％ ,对照组总有效率７５．０％ ,治疗组疗效显著优于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,其主要症状、体征及实验室指标恢复正常时间均较对照组显著缩短（Ｐ＜ ０．０１ 或Ｐ＜ ０．００１）。结论：双黄连注射液具有抗病毒及免疫调节双重作用,并具有镇静、退热作用,能减轻自由基损伤,治疗ＨＦＲＳ疗效显著。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.