双源CT冠脉成像在冠脉狭窄诊断中的价值

价节段达到94.98%(625/658),图像优良率95.52%(597/625).DSCT诊断冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为91.8%、98.3%、94.4%、97.5%,其中对左主干、左前降支及右冠状动脉的敏感性及特异性达到95%,对角支、左回旋支分支及有冠状动脉远端的诊断敏感性有所下降,分别为86.0%、71.4%、76.9%.结论 在不控制心率的情况下,DSCT诊断冠脉狭窄安全可靠,可广泛用于冠心病患者的筛查、冠状动脉手术/支架术前评估及术后随访.     

多层螺旋CT对冠状动脉钙化的定量分析及临床意义

目的 :评价多层螺旋CT(MSCT)测定冠状动脉钙化积分的准确性及临床意义。方法 :搜集 12 5例在我院行MSCT检查临床怀疑或确诊为冠心病的病例资料。MSCT扫描采用心电门控触发成像 ,单次扫描时间为 0 .3 2s ,层厚为 2mm× 4。钙化灶定义为CT值≥ 13 0HU。其中 2 3例另行冠状动脉造影检查。结果 :12 5例受检者冠状动脉钙化有 92例 ( 73 .6% ) ,各部位发生率依次为左前降支 ( 3 4.9% )、回旋支 ( 3 1.7% )、右冠状动脉 ( 2 7.3 % )和左冠状动脉主干 ( 6.1% ) ;<5 0岁和 5 0～ 65岁冠心病组冠状动脉钙化率、钙化积分明显高于正常组 ,≥ 65岁冠心病组冠状动脉钙化率与正常组无显著差别 ,但钙化积分明显高于正常组。冠脉钙化检测冠心病在年轻组特异性高 ,敏感性低 ,随年龄增大敏感性增高而特异性降低。结论 :多层螺旋CT检出冠状动脉钙化简便易行 ,有较高的敏感性和特异性 ,可广泛用于临床预测及早期诊断冠心病。     

64层CT冠状动脉造影的临床应用价值

目的:探讨MSCT冠状动脉造影的临床应用价值。方法:对42例CT冠状动脉造影与同期心血管造影和/(或)手术的患者进行对照分析,探讨MSCT造影在冠心病诊断中的准确性。结果:MSCT对168支心外膜冠状动脉中的152支(90.5%)可以清晰显示,左冠状动脉主干、左前降支、右冠状动脉和回旋支显示清晰率分别为100%、95.2%、85.7%和80.9%。在31例经冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病的患者中,MSCT发现了29例,符合率达93.5%。MSCT冠状动脉成像共显示管壁斑块11例,占26.2%。结论:MSCT对冠心病的诊断具有较高的敏感度及特异度,在显示管腔狭窄的同时,可以显示血管壁的斑块,此方面优于数字减影冠状动脉造影。     

64排容积CT在冠状动脉成像中的临床应用

 目的 探讨64排容积CT在冠状动脉成像的临床应用及意义.方法 56例临床诊断及可疑诊断冠心病患者包括冠脉搭桥术后2例、PTCA术后6例,采用回顾性心电门控技术行64排容积CT冠脉成像检查,在不同心电相位窗利用多种后处理技术行冠状动脉重建并分析其病变,12例诊断为冠脉中重度狭窄的患者行选择性冠状动脉造影.结果 56例中心率＜75次/min的冠脉重建相位窗多数位于心动周期R波后75%,心率＞75次/min冠脉重建相位窗多数位于心动周期R波后45%,56例成功显示冠脉各主干(左主干、左前降支、左回旋支、右冠)221支,显示率98%;直径大于2 mm的分支(后降支、左室后支、对角支、钝缘支、窦房结支、圆锥支)237支;64排容积CT诊断冠状动脉中重度狭窄患者12例行选择性冠脉造影,11例结果同64排容积CT.结论 64排容积CT下的冠脉造影成像检查是一种安全、准确、经济的检查方法,可以作为可疑冠心病及冠心病的筛选普查及术后复查的首选方法.     

电子束CT冠状动脉狭窄误诊分析(附100例报告)

目的 探讨电子束CT血管造影(EBA)评价冠状动脉狭窄中的误诊原因,以期提高成像成功率和诊断准确率.方法 100例疑患冠心病者,先后行常规冠状动脉造影(CAG)及EBA冠状动脉成像,EBA图像按每例4支冠状动脉分别与CAG结果逐一对照,狭窄部位判断错误或狭窄程度判断误差＞30%定为误诊,并进行统计学分析.结果 100例共400支冠状动脉中有92支冠状动脉被EBA所误诊,误诊率为23%.误诊原因主要为呼吸心跳伪影、心律不齐、心率过快、延迟时间不准确、钙化斑遮挡等.其中左主干误诊率最低,为1.5%,其次为右冠状动脉4.8%、前降支5.5%,回旋支误诊率最高,为11.2%.结论 了解EBA对冠状动脉狭窄的误诊原因可有针对性地提高成像成功率和诊断准确率.     

电子束CT血管三维重建技术与冠状动脉成像

目的　分析电子束CT(EBT)三维血管重建技术对冠状动脉及其狭窄的最佳显示方法。方法　对 40例分别行EBT冠状动脉增强扫描及常规冠状动脉造影 (CAG)的病例图像行回顾性三维重建。重建方法主要是最大密度投影法 (MIP)、曲面重建法(CPR)、多平面重组法 (MPR)及容积再现法 (VR)。所有三维重建图像由 2名不知CAG结果的医师按左主干、前降支、回旋支及右冠4支血管进行分析 (分支血管未包括在内 ) ,狭窄程度以 >5 0 %为标准与CAG结果对照。结果　MIP及CPR成像清晰 ,对 48支正常冠状动脉的评价准确率达 91.7%和 93 .8% ,对 5 9支狭窄 >5 0 %血管的评价准确率分别为 83 .1%和 88.1%。VR法重建立体效果好 ,但图像易造成正常血管狭窄的假象 ,48支正常血管中有 2 9支显示狭窄改变。对有狭窄血管的程度也较CAG夸大了约 10 %～3 0 %。MPR重建图像粗糙 ,无法评价冠状动脉。结论　MIP与CPR是显示冠状动脉及其狭窄的最佳三维重建方法 ,诊断准确性高 ,VR可作为补充显示方法 ,MPR可不采用     

64排螺旋CT冠脉成像在冠心病诊断中的应用

目的 评价64排螺旋CT冠状动脉(冠脉)成像(CTA)在冠心病诊断中的应用价值.方法 以选择性冠脉造影(SCA)结果为金标准,采用64排螺旋CT对68例疑诊冠心病患者的冠脉主干及主要分支272节段进行重建和分析,评价其诊断冠心病的灵敏度和特异度.结果 CTA能够清晰显示冠脉主干及其分支狭窄、钙化、开口起源异常及桥血管病变,CTA发现钙化病变52节段,SCA仅发现钙化病变35节段.CTA诊断冠脉病变的灵敏度96.33%,特异度98.16%,阳性预测值97.22%,阴性预测值97.56%.其中对左主干、左前降支病变及＞75%的病变灵敏度最高,分别达到100%和94.4%.结论 CTA对冠脉狭窄病变、桥血管、开口畸形、支架管腔均显影良好,对冠心病诊断有较高的准确性,对钙化病变诊断率优于冠脉造影,可以作为冠心病高危人群无创性筛选检查及冠脉支架术后随访手段.     

电子束CT血管造影评价冠状动脉狭窄

目的:探讨电子束CT(EBT)血管造影评价冠状动脉狭窄的价值.材料和方法:分析56例经EBT血管造影和常规冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查的资料,将冠状动脉各支分成13个节段与相应CAG结果逐一对照,并进行统计学分析.结果:679个≥2mm的冠状动脉节段中,EBT可评价562个,无法评价117个.EBT对各支冠状动脉的评价准确性依次为左主干、前降支和右冠;对各节段的评价以近段的敏感性、特异性和阴性预测值最高;对不同程度狭窄的评价以＞75%狭窄的诊断最为可靠.此外对正常冠状动脉的诊断准确性也较高,为88.5%.结论:EBT血管造影对评价冠状动脉近段狭窄、重度狭窄和正常血管有很高的价值,可作为CAG术前筛选的常规无创性检查方法.     

多层螺旋CT在评价冠状动脉斑块中的临床应用

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT在评价冠状动脉粥样斑块的价值.方法：对 72例患者进行多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影,对强化扫描获得的轴位图像利用后处理软件进行VR、MIP、CPR、薄层VR重建,评价冠脉斑块,并对冠脉有否狭窄及狭窄程度进行诊断.结果 ：MSCT冠状动脉检查诊断硬斑块、中间斑块和软斑块分别56支、10支和20支,同时可对冠脉主干的狭窄程度进行评判,本组病例冠状动脉各主干轻度狭窄、中度狭窄和重度狭窄分别为38支、20支及28 支.结论：MSCT冠脉造影检查是一种微创的冠脉检查方法,它不但可以发现粥样斑块,而且能鉴别冠脉斑块的性质,并能显示冠状动脉的狭窄及狭窄程度,是冠状动脉检查的一种比较可靠的检查方法.     

128层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对冠心病诊断的临床价值

目的:探讨128层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像(128-SCTCA)在冠心病中的临床应用价值。方法:对349例疑似冠心病患者行128-SCTCA筛查,对其中59例患者同时作选择性冠状动脉血管造影(CAG)检查,分析比较128-SCTCA诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率。结果:341例患者成功完成了128-SCTCA检查,并可清晰显示冠脉主干及其主要分支,193例患者的596支冠脉伴有不同性质的斑块和不同程度的狭窄,对其中59例冠心病患者以CAG为金标准,得出128-SCTCA诊断冠脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为100%、90.23%、92.57%、100%、95.59%。从59例患者的295支冠脉中检测出136个斑块,脂质软斑块、纤维斑块及钙化硬斑块分别占18%、11%、71%。结论:128层CT冠脉成像是一种无创的成像方法,检出冠心病的准确程度高,对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断准确率接近CAG,区分高危斑块优于CAG,作为冠心病的一种无创筛查手段具有很高的临床应用价值。     

Detection of moderate and severe coronary artery stenosis with technetium-99m tetrofosmin myocardial single-photon emission tomography

The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of technetium-99m tetrofosmin myocardial imaging for the localization of coronary artery stenoses of different degrees of severity. Stress-rest single-photon emission tomography (SPET) was performed on separate days in 80 patients (64 males, 16 females; mean age 61 years; 43 patients with previous myocardial infarction; 18 patients with pharmacological stress), within 6 months of coronary angiography. Scintigraphic images were blindly and independently evaluated by three observers. Coronary stenosis was defined as a >50% narrowing in luminal diameter; severe stenosis was defined as a proximal stenosis of >75% or a peripheral stenosis of >90%. Coronary angiography revealed normal coronary arteries or insignificant coronary stenosis in 13 patients and significant coronary stenoses in 67 patients. The sensitivity and specificity of ^99mTc-tetrofosmin SPET in respect of severely stenosed vessels were, respectively, 80% and 65% for the left anterior descending artery (LAD), 100% and 46% for the right coronary artery (RCA) and 58 and 78% for the left circumflex artery (LCx) territories. Considering all the significantly stenosed vessels, a significant decrease in sensitivity was observed for LAD territories (to 59%, P=0.05), and a nonsignificant decrease for RCA (88%) and LCx (47%) territories while specificity values remained essentially unchanged. No significant changes in sensitivity or specificity were observed when regions with previous myocardial infarction were excluded. In conclusion, the sensitivity of ^99mTc-tetrofosmin SPET for the localization of individual stenosed vessels is only moderate when all significant stenoses are considered, but the ability of this technique to predict the location of severe coronary artery stenoses seems satisfactory, with the exception of the low specificity in respect of RCA territories. Received 26 April and in revised form 7 June 1997     

Three-dimensional breathhold magnetization-prepared TrueFISP: a pilot study for magnetic resonance imaging of the coronary artery disease

PURPOSE: X-ray angiography is currently the standard test for the assessment of coronary artery disease. A substantial minority of patients referred for coronary angiography have no significant coronary artery disease. The purpose of this work was the evaluation of the accuracy of a three-dimensional (3D) breathhold coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) technique in detecting hemodynamically significant coronary artery stenoses in a patient population with x-ray angiographic correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sequential subjects (n = 33, M/F = 22/11, average age = 57) who were referred for conventional coronary angiography were enrolled in the study. The study protocol was approved by our institutional review board. Each subject gave written informed consent. Volume-targeted 3D breathhold coronary artery scans with ECG-triggered, segmented True Fast Imaging with Steady-state Precession (TrueFISP) were acquired for the left main (LM), left anterior descending (LAD), and right coronary arteries (RCAs). Coronary MRA was evaluated with conventional angiography as the gold standard. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for diagnosing any hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease (> or =50% diameter reduction) with coronary MRA was 87%, 57%, 72%, 68%, and 80%, respectively. The sensitivity of the technique in the LM, LAD, and RCA was 100%, 83%, and 100%, respectively. The NPV of the technique in the LM, LAD, and RCA was 100%, 82%, and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional breathhold True Fast Imaging with Steady-state Precession is a promising technique for coronary artery imaging. It has a relatively high sensitivity and NPV. Results of this study warrant further technical improvements and clinical evaluation of the technique.     

冠状动脉狭窄的电子束CT诊断

目的：评价电子束CT(EBCT)及其三维血管成像对冠状动脉狭窄诊断的准确性及局限性。方法：37例经EBCT冠状动脉增强扫描和三维重建的患者，均又经常规心血管造影检查(CAG)。由两名不知其它检查结果的放射科医师将冠状动脉左主干(LM)和左前降支(LAD)、左回旋支(LCX)、右冠状动脉(RCA)的近、中段评价后与造影结果逐段对照．并作统计学分析。结果：在CAG结果≥2mm的219个冠状动脉节段中，EBCT可评价的有228(91.6％)个，无法评价的21(8．1％)个，影响因素最主要为广泛钙化遮蔽管腔。EBCT诊断冠状动脉各主干近、中段≥50％狭窄总的敏感性、特异性和阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为80．1％、91．3％、72．4％、92．5％。其中左主干均为100％．前降支分别为90．4％、94．2％、84．5％和96．1％。结论：EBCT是较好的无创性冠状动脉成像技术，对冠状动脉左主干和前降支近、中段狭窄的评价具有极高的准确性．虽然无法替代CAG，但极具临床应用潜力。局限性是空间分辨率低，价格昂贵。     

多层螺旋CT在心肌桥诊断中的应用及优势

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在心肌桥中的诊断能力.方法 对51例临床怀疑为冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的患者进行了MSCT、常规冠状动脉造影(CAG)以及血管内超声检查(将后2种检查方法统称为创伤性技术),共82支冠状动脉,其中的80支冠状动脉无明显伪影,可供评价.分别统计MSCT对心肌桥检出的敏感度、特异度和准确度.观察者间的一致件检验采用Cohen Kappa检验方法.结果CAG及血管内超声共发现26例心肌桥,所有心肌桥均发生于左前降支中段附近.MSCT正确检出26例前降支心肌桥巾的23例,其敏感度88%(23/26),特异度96%(52/54),准确度94%(75/80),2名医师对心肌桥的检出Kappa值为0.62.MSCT尚检出2例心肌桥,为创伤性技术所漏诊.将创伤性技术和MSCT综合结果作对照,则MSCT心肌桥检出的敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为89%(25/28)、91%(21/23)和90%(46/51).结论MSCT作为一种无创性成像方法应用于心肌桥的诊断,方法可行,结果可靠.     

Coronary Events and Anatomy After Arterial Switch Operation for Transposition of the Great Arteries: Detection by 16-Row Multislice Computed Tomography Angiography in Pediatric Patients

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of multislice computed tomographic (MSCT) angiography as a noninvasive method for detecting ostial, proximal, and middle segment coronary stenosis or occlusion and anatomy in patients with transposition of the great arteries who had undergone arterial switch operation (ASO). Sixteen-detector-row MSCT angiography was performed in 16 patients treated with ASO for transposition of the great arteries. The median age was 10.3 years (range, 6.2–16.3 years). Sixteen-detector-row MSCT angiography was performed in 16 patients who had undergone ASO. CT imaging was performed in the craniocaudal direction from 2 cm above the carina up to the heart basis. Noninvasive assessment of coronary artery stenosis and anatomy were investigated by MSCT angiography. Two patients were excluded from the study because of artifacts. Of 14 evaluated patients, 1 patient had ostial stenosis (7.1%). A coronary artery anatomy variant was present in six patients: left main artery (LMA) and right coronary artery (RCA) originating from the right sinus as a single orifice (n = 2); left circumflex artery (LCX) originating from the RCA (n = 1); LMA and RCA, after branching to the LCX, originating separately from the right sinus (n = 1); and LMA (n = 1) and left anterior descending artery (LADA; n = 1) originating directly from the right sinus. Intramural bridging in the LAD (n = 2) was detected. Five patients were normal. In conclusion, MSCT angiography, as a noninvasive, feasible technique for assessing coronary stenosis or occlusion and anatomy, can be used in the follow-up of patients who have undergone ASO. This study was accepted as a poster presentation at ESPR 2008.     

Multislice computed tomography coronary angiography at a local hospital: Pitfalls and potential

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the favorable results achieved with multislice computed tomography (MSCT) of coronary arteries at larger centers could be paralleled at a local hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty consecutive patients with suspected coronary artery disease scheduled for invasive investigation with quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) at a university hospital underwent MSCT with a 16-slice scanner at a local hospital. Diagnostic accuracy of MSCT for coronary artery disease was assessed using a 16-segment coronary artery model with QCA as the gold standard. RESULTS: Segments with diameter <2 mm, as defined by QCA, segments distal to occlusions, and stented segments were excluded. Of the remaining 489 segments, 73 (15%) were not assessable with MSCT. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for significant (>50%) stenosis for the 416 assessable segments were 92%, 82%, 53%, and 98%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our beginners' experience demonstrated favorable results regarding sensitivity and negative predictive value. The positive predictive value, however, was unsatisfactory. Calcifications were identified as the most important factor for false-positive results with MSCT. With widespread use of MSCT coronary angiography, there is a risk of recruiting patients without significant coronary artery disease to unnecessary and potentially harmful invasive procedures.     

Clinical application of 64-slice spiral CT in the diagnosis of the Tetralogy of Fallot

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical application of 64-slice spiral CT in the diagnosis of the Tetralogy of Fallot. METHODS: Eighteen patients with diagnosed Tetralogy of Fallot underwent cardiac CT angiography with 64-slice CT (CTA). Two- and three-dimensional images were used for diagnosing in all cases by means of MPR (coronal, sagital and oblique), cMPR, MIP and VRT. RESULTS: All patients had ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis and hypertrophy of right ventricle. The morphologic features of Tetralogy of Fallot were equal to echocardiography. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were detected on eight patients. Main coronary artery branches and partial sub-branches were visualized in all patients. Abnormal coronary arteries were found in seven cases: both left and right main coronary artery arising from the right aortic sinus one case, right main coronary artery and circumflex (CX) arising from the right aortic sinus one case, left anterior descending (LAD) and CX arising from left aortic sinus directly one case, left and right coronary artery arising from back and front of the aortic sinus, respectively, three cases. Pulmonary artery branch stenosis was found in 12 cases and branch pulmonary artery dilation noticed in 1 case. Double superior vena cava was also found in one case. According to the surgery the diagnostic accuracy of CT and Echocardiography was 95.45 and 83.33%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Two- and three-dimensional 64-slice CTA not only show the overall anatomical structure of the heart, but also show coronary and pulmonary arteries. With these results, evaluation of coronary anomalies and pulmonary artery stenosis with 64-MSCT is extremely valuable for planning the operative procedure on the patients with Tetralogy of Fallot.     

Evaluation of free-breathing three-dimensional magnetic resonance coronary angiography with hybrid ordered phase encoding (HOPE) for the detection of proximal coronary artery stenosis.

We evaluated free-breathing, prospective navigator-gated, three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance coronary angiography (MRCA) with hybrid ordered phase-encoding (HOPE), in the detection of proximal coronary artery stenosis. The coronary arteries were imaged in 46 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. The mean scan time was 48 minutes. The mean arterial length (mm) visualized was left main stem (LMS) 11.7 (SD 4.5), left anterior descending (LAD) 30.1 (SD 11.1), circumflex (LCx) 15.5 (SD 8.6), and right (RCA) 56.2 (SD 20.8). Twenty-three patients had coronary artery disease with 47 significant stenoses on cardiac catheterization. All LMS were normal on both catheterization and MRCA. MRCA sensitivity was highest for the LAD (89% CI 65%-99%) and RCA (76% CI 50%-93%), but lower for the LCx (50% CI 21%-79%). Specificity ranged from 72%-100%. Improvements in image quality, length of vessel seen, and specific imaging of the LCx are required for MRCA to become an alternative to cardiac catheterization.     

Tc-99m tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion SPECT after dipyridamole combined with low-level exercise in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease

Tc-99m tetrofosmin is a lipophilic, cationic perfusion imaging agent that changes to Tl-201 in detecting coronary artery disease during exercise testing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of Tc-99m tetrofosmin dipyridamole stress imaging combined with low level exercise for the detection of coronary artery disease. We examined 42 patients and 10 normal volunteers who also underwent coronary angiography. A one-day protocol was used: in the stress study, 296 MBq of tetrofosmin was injected and in the rest study 888 MBq was injected. After intravenous administration of dipyridamole (0.142 mg/kg/min for 4 minutes), the patient was exercised on a bicycle ergometer for 3 min (25 Watts). Tetrofosmin was injected 2 minutes after dipyridamole infusion during the exercise. Single photon emission computed tomographic images were obtained 30 minutes after the tracer injection. Images were interpreted as abnormal in 36 of 42 patients with coronary artery disease, and normal in all of 10 normal volunteers. The overall sensitivity of detection of coronary artery disease was 83.3% and the normalcy rate was 100%. The diagnostic values for the detection of significant stenosis in the three major arteries were: LAD sensitivity 83%, specificity 92%; LCX sensitivity 47%, specificity 91%; RCA sensitivity 75%, specificity 83%. Of the 66 arteries with more than 50% stenosis, 48 arteries were correctly identified. Of the 36 with more than 70% stenosis, 31 were identified. Scintigraphic evidence of multivessel disease was found in only 9 patients (50%). A protocol of Tc-99m tetrofosmin SPECT combined with low level exercise after dipyridamole is therefore useful for the detection of the coronary artery disease.