Dual-construct fixation is recommended in ipsilateral femoral neck fractures with infra-isthmus shaft fracture: A STROBE compliant study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors related to osteosynthesis failure in patients with concomitant ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures, including old age; smoking habit; comminuted fragments; infra-isthmus fracture; angular malreduction; unsatisfactory reduction (fracture gap >5 mm); and treatment with single construct.Patients over the age of 20 with concomitant ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures diagnosed at a level one medical center between 2003 and 2019 were included. Treatment modalities included single construct with/without an antirotational screw for the neck and dual constructs. Radiographic outcomes were assessed from anteroposterior and lateral hip radiographs at follow-up. Fisher exact test was used to analyze categorical variables. The presence of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, delayed union, atrophic or hypertrophic nonunion of the femoral shaft fracture, and loss of reduction were identified as factors related to treatment failure.A total of 22 patients were included in this study. The average age was 58.5 years, and the majority was male (68.2%). The minimum radiographic follow-up duration was 12 months, and the median follow-up time was 12 (interquartile range 12–24) months.Femoral neck osteosynthesis failed in 3 patients, whereas femoral shaft osteosynthesis failed in 12 patients. Fisher exact test demonstrated the failure of femoral shaft osteosynthesis was significantly more frequent in the single-construct cohort in 16 infra-isthmus femoral fracture cases (P = .034).In ipsilateral femoral neck and infra-isthmus shaft fractures, it is better to treat the neck and shaft fractures with separate implants (dual constructs).In a dual-construct cohort, separate plate fixation of the femoral shaft achieved a better result in terms of bone union than retrograde nailing of the shaft (bone union rate: 4/8 vs 0/2).     

Surgical treatment for concomitant fractures of the femoral neck and diaphysis: a treatment protocol

Concomitant ipsilateral femoral shaft and neck fractures are difficult to treat. The standard protocol in our hospital is plates for diaphyseal fractures and lag screws or dynamic hip screws (DHS) fixations for the femoral neck fractures. We treated 21 patients with these complex fractures between 1988 and 1998 with this protocol. All patients were injured from high-energy trauma. There were 15 males and 6 females with an average age of 44 years. The average follow-up period is 50 months. All except one patient united well. During the follow-up period, neither non-union of the femoral neck fracture nor osteonecrosis of the femoral head was noted. There was also no malunion. There were twenty good results and one poor functional result. We conclude that plate on the shaft and sliding hip screws or separate screws in the hip are a reliable method for concomitant ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures.     

2枚空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折GardenⅠ Ⅱ Ⅲ型临床疗效分析

目的分析2枚空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折GardenⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型闭合复位的临床疗效。方法收集该院2013-01~2017-08收治股骨颈骨折患者85例,均为新鲜性非病理性股骨颈骨折,Garden分型分别为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型,行2枚空心钉内固定组(简称2枚组)45例:GardenⅠ型18例,Ⅱ型11例,Ⅲ型16例;行3枚空心钉内固定组(简称3枚组)40例:GardenⅠ型13例,Ⅱ型9例,Ⅲ型18例。同时收集相关临床资料,85例随访12~24(20.26±2.68)个月。评估骨折愈合及股骨头坏死情况,采用髋关节功能Harris评分评估术后临床功能疗效。结果2枚组有42例获得愈合,愈合率为93.33%,15例术后因骨性愈合已取出内固定钉,3例出现股骨头缺血性坏死。3枚组有38例获得愈合,愈合率为95.00%,2例出现股骨头缺血性坏死。两组愈合率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。髋关节功能Harris评分结果2枚组(89.70±8.82)分,36例为优,4例为良,2例为可,3例为差,优良率为88.89%;3枚组(91.53±8.38)分,35例为优,2例为良,1例为可,2例为差,优良率为92.50%。两组Harris评分和优良率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论股骨颈骨折GardenⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型闭合复位2枚空心钉内固定治疗可获得满意的临床疗效。     

老年人移位股骨颈骨折内固定术中对股骨头血供观察的临床意义

目的 探讨老年移位股骨颈骨折术中对股骨头血供肉眼观察的临床意义.方法 2007年2月-2012年9月,对96例移位股骨颈骨折患者,年龄60～85岁,作髋关节前方和外侧双切口,在直视下将骨折解剖复位,以空心螺钉内固定,同时利用克氏针在股骨头上复位时留下的钻孔,观察孔内的渗血情况,了解股骨头真实的血液供应.并随访治疗结果.结果 所观察到的股骨头渗血情况：65岁以下年龄组和65岁及以上年龄组之间差异无统计学意义（P=0.376）.受伤至手术时间2～7d组与7d以上组之间差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）.不同骨折类型组之间差异没有统计学意义（P=0.294）.有或无股骨头缺血性坏死组之间差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）.结论 使用髋关节前方和外侧双切口将骨折解剖复位,以三枚空心螺钉内固定治疗老年人移位股骨颈骨折术中对股骨头血供的直接肉眼观察有临床意义.观察结果支持对股骨颈骨折早期手术的观点,加深了骨折移位对股骨头血液供应影响程度的认识,有利于评估术后的预后.对65岁及以上的有移位股骨颈骨折患者的治疗方案,仍然可以在人工髋关节置换和切开解剖复位内固定两者之间选择.     

带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣移植治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的疗效观察

目的探讨切开复位空心钉内固定联合带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣移植术治疗不稳定青壮年股骨颈骨折的手术方法及疗效。方法对21例GardenⅢ及Ⅳ型青壮年股骨颈骨折采用切开复位空心钉内固定联合带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣移植术治疗。结果 21例全部获随访,时间2年3个月～6年,20例术后均获骨折愈合,髋关节功能恢复良好,定期复查X线片未发现股骨头坏死征象。1例晚期出现股骨头缺血坏死,行人工髋关节置换。结论切开复位空心钉内固定联合带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣移植术固定可靠,可提供股骨颈骨折后股骨头血运,促进骨折愈合,减少股骨头缺血坏死和骨不连的发生,是治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的有效方法。     

The role of internal fixation in the treatment of femoral head necrosis with ipsilateral hip fracture

Whether internal fixation or hip arthroplasty is the most appropriate initial treatment for patients with ipsilateral hip fracture and osteonecrosis of the femoral head remains unknown. In this study, the prognoses of patients who underwent internal fixation or hip arthroplasty were analyzed and compared to explore the role of internal fixation in treating such patients.We retrospectively reviewed 69 patients diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the femoral head and ipsilateral hip fracture from 1999 to 2018. They were divided into the hip arthroplasty or internal fixation group. The visual analog scale and Harris score were used. The incidence of complications and the conversion to arthroplasty were also investigated to further explore the role of internal fixation.Male patients (male/female: 25/31 vs 20/38, P = .015), younger patients (average age: 46.80 ± 13.14 vs 61.07 ± 15.61, P < .001), and patients with femoral neck fractures (fracture type, femoral neck/trochanter: 21/31 vs 12/38, P = .003) were more likely to receive 1-stage hip arthroplasty. Of 38 patients undergoing internal fixation, fracture nonunion was identified in 9, and progression of osteonecrosis was identified in 16. Meanwhile, conversion to secondary hip arthroplasty occurred in 13 patients. Four independent risk factors for conversion to secondary hip arthroplasty were identified: age of ≤60 years (odds ratio [OR] = 9.786, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.735–35.015), male sex (OR = 6.790, 95% CI = 1.718–26.831), collapse of the femoral head before injury (OR = 7.170, 95% CI = 2.004–25.651), and femoral neck fracture (OR = 8.072, 95% CI = 2.153–30.261). A new scoring system was constructed for predicting conversion to hip arthroplasty in patients undergoing internal fixation treatment. A cutoff of ≤2 points indicated low risk for conversion, 3 to 4 points indicated moderate risk, and ≥5 points indicated high risk.Patients who underwent internal fixation had worse prognoses than those who underwent 1-stage hip arthroplasty. However, in this study, hip arthroplasty conversion did not occur in most patients who received internal fixation. Using the new scoring system to identify patients who may require conversion to replacement may help make appropriate patient management and clinical decisions.     

Right femoral neck pathologic fracture and left femoral subcapital insufficiency fracture in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

An 80-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis had a giant erosion of the right femoral neck resulting in a pathologic fracture that was managed by osteosynthesis and a free fibular bone graft, after which a left femoral subcapital insufficiency fracture was treated by artificial endoprosthesis. One and a half years after the operation on her right hip, she can walk painlessly with the assistance of a wheel chair.     

Titanium elastic nailing can be used in 6 to 10 years old pediatric with Delbet IV femoral neck fractures

The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes of titanium elastic nail (TEN) for the children in 6 to 10 years old who sustained a Delbet IV femoral neck fracture.A total of 56 children aged 6 to 10 years old with Delbet IV femoral neck fracture treated with TEN or cannulated screw (SC) were identified at our hospital from January 2009 to December 2019. Of which 24 were treated with TEN, and 32 with SC. All of them were followed up for 1 year after operation, and the differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization time, hip joint function, and complication between the 2 groups were compared. Harris and Ratliff hip score were used to evaluate the hip function.All 56 fractures united properly. No major complications were noted in both groups. The intraoperative blood loss and operation time in TEN group and SC group were (11.42 ± 3.41) mL, (19.66 ± 4.05) mL (P = .000) and (33.58 ± 7.89) min, (40.22 ± 7.48) min (P = .002), respectively. There was no significant statistical difference between hip regarding range of motion and femoral neck-shaft angle in both groups, as well as Harris and Ratliff hip score between the 2 groups.TEN represent safe and effective methods in the treatment of Delbet IV femoral neck fracture in 6 to 10 years old children. TEN internal fixation is a minimal invasive and simpler technique and suitable for young children of Delbet IV femoral neck fracture.     

Incidence of Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head After Intramedullary Nailing of Femoral Shaft Fractures: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis of 542 Cases

The goal of this study was to determine the incidence of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVNFH) after intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures and to identify risk factors for developing AVNFH.We retrospectively reviewed all patients with femoral shaft fractures treated with antegrade intramedullary nailing at 10 institutions. Among the 703 patients enrolled, 161 patients were excluded leaving 542 patients in the study. Average age was 42.1 years with average follow-up of 26.3 months. Patient characteristics and fracture patterns as well as entry point of femoral nails were identified and the incidence of AVNFH was investigated. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to open versus closed physis, open versus closed fractures, and age (<20 versus ≥20 years).Overall incidence of AVNFH was 0.2% (1 of 542): the patient was 15-year-old boy. Of 25 patients with open physis, the incidence of AVNFH was 4%, whereas none of 517 patients with closed physis developed AVNFH (P < 0.001). The incidence of AVNFH in patients aged < 20 versus ≥20 years was 1.1% (1 of 93) and 0.0% (0 of 449), respectively (P = 0.172), which meant that the incidence of AVNFH was 0% in adult with femur shaft fracture. Of 61 patients with open fractures, the incidence of AVNFH was 0%. The number of cases with entry point at the trochanteric fossa or tip of the greater trochanter (GT) was 324 and 218, respectively, and the incidence of AVNFH was 0.3% and 0.0%, respectively (P = 0.412).In patients aged ≥20 years with isolated femoral shaft fracture, there was no case of AVNFH following antegrade intramedullary nailing regardless of the entry point. Therefore, our findings suggest that the risk of AVNFH following antegrade femoral nailing is extremely low in adult patients.     

Biomechanical analysis of the closed reduction internal fixation with cannulated screw of femoral neck fractures

The influencing factors in closed reduction internal fixation with cannulated screw of femoral neck fractures have not been well investigated. This study evaluated these factors in patients with femoral neck fractures.Fifty-seven patients (36 males and 21 females) diagnosed with femoral neck fracture with the average age of 52.44 ± 15.04 years who underwent closed reduction internal fixation with cannulated screw were included in this study. Data were collected through case report reviews, phone call follow-ups, and outpatient follow-ups to evaluate pre- and postoperative radiograph images. Statistical analysis was performed using Garden classification, binary and multinomial logistic regression analysis by including factors such as patient''s age, gender, fracture type, time to fixation, reduction quality, functional recovery period, removal of cannulated screw, and preoperative traction. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age and reduction quality was statistically significant (P < .05) to clinical outcome and other factors were not statistically significant.The main factors affecting clinical outcomes were functional recovery and reduction quality. The biomechanical effects of fixation provide a good foundation for fracture healing. Patient''s conditions should be carefully evaluated before selecting reduction procedures to reach an optimal surgical outcome.     

空心钉内固定治疗1型糖尿病合并股骨颈骨折的临床观察

目的观察空心钉内固定治疗1型糖尿病合并股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法通过2008年3月—2013年9月,该院对37例股骨颈骨折合并1型糖尿病患者行空心钉内固定术,统计其预后情况。结果 37例中有1例出现股骨头缺血坏死塌陷,1例出现骨折不愈合,其余35例全部骨性愈合,骨折愈合率94.6%,且髋关节功能恢复良好。结论空心钉内固定治疗1型糖尿病合并股骨颈骨折,具有手术操作简单、内固定可靠、愈合率高、创伤小、费用低等优点,是目前治疗1型糖尿病合股骨颈骨折较为理想的方法。     

Anesthetic management of hip fracture in geriatric patient with respiratory and heart failure using pericapsular nerve group block: A case report

Introduction:Hip fracture with severe cardiopulmonary and cerebral dysfunction is a relatively common problem in the elderly population and poses a great challenge to anesthetic management. Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block combined with nerve blocks of the hip region has recently attracted significant interest from anesthesiologists, and very few reports on its anesthetic management exist.Patient concerns:Patient suffered from the right femoral neck fracture, combined with respiratory failure, heart failure, moderate-to-severe pulmonary hypertension, cerebral infarction, atrial fibrillation, and cognitive dysfunction.Diagnosis:Because of right femoral neck fracture, artificial femoral head replacement was scheduled for this patient.Interventions:Ultrasound-guided PENG block combined with sacral plexus, thoracic 11 to 12 paravertebral block, and lateral femoral cutaneous block were performed to a high-risk elderly patient.Outcomes:The patient successfully received artificial femoral head replacement with our effective anesthesia techniques and no postoperative complication was reported.Conclusions:Among elderly patients with multiple organ dysfunction undergoing hip surgery, PENG block combined with nerve blocks of the hip region is an ideal anesthesia method. This case demonstrated that these regional analgesia techniques had a stable hemodynamic process, satisfactory anesthetic effect, effective postoperative analgesia, and no effect on postoperative cognitive function. Further studies are needed to determine the appropriate doses of local anesthetics in the elderly with multiple organ system failure to reduce delayed local anesthesia systemic toxicity.     

Iliopsoas hematoma presenting with sudden knee extensor weakness: A case report

Rationale:Hematoma of the iliopsoas muscle is a rare condition. Prolonged pressure conditions due to hematoma of the femoral nerve can cause severe pain in the affected groin, hip, and thigh, and quadriceps weakness. We report a rare case of a spontaneous iliopsoas muscle hematoma that caused sudden femoral neuropathy.Patient concerns:A 71-year-old woman presented sudden left hip pain and knee extensor weakness. The pain was aggravated with left hip extension. She had a bilateral total hip replacement surgery due to avascular necrosis. She was diagnosed as mild stenosis of the cerebral artery and took aspirin to prevent cerebral artery atherosclerosis.Diagnosis:A hip computed tomography scan demonstrated a suspicious fluid collection at the left iliopsoas bursa. We considered the possibility of lower limb weakness due to neuralgic amyotrophy and performed electromyography and enhanced lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Electromyography finding showed left femoral neuropathy of moderate severity around the inguinal area was diagnosed. On MRI, left iliopsoas bursitis or hematoma, and displacement of the left femoral nerve due to the iliopsoas bursitis/hematoma were observed.Intervention:Ultrasonography (US)-guided aspiration of the left iliopsoas hematoma was performed. We started steroid pulse therapy for 8 days.Outcomes:After US-guided aspiration and steroid pulse therapy, the patient''s knee extension motor grade improved from grade 1 to 2, and the pain was slightly reduced. At 3 weeks after the aspiration procedure, her hip flexion motor grade had improved from grade 3+ to 4 at follow-up.Lessons:Imaging studies are fundamental to diagnose of iliopsoas hematoma. Electromyography examination plays an important role in determining the prognosis of patients and lesion site. Despite the negligible change in sitting position, hematoma can develop. Physicians should consider hematoma that cause femoral neuropathy.     

Hoffa fracture combined with rotational dislocation of the knee joint: A novel case report

Rationale:Hoffa fracture is a rare fracture confined to the coronal-plane involving femoral condyles. This occurs simultaneously with rotational dislocation of the knee joint is extremely rare. Up to now, there is no valid recommendation for the treatment of the Hoffa fracture.Patient concerns:A 50-year-old female patient broke her knee joint while skiing, experiencing severe pain in the right knee, which was swollen. She presented limited function of the knee and movement upon arrival in the emergency room.Diagnosis:Comminuted Hoffa fracture in the right knee associated with rotational dislocation in the knee jointInterventions:We treated the dislocated knee joint through manual reduction initially. During the operation, we used posterolateral approach to expose the fracture fragments, thereafter using headless compression screws and a buttress plate to provide sufficient stability for the fracture. Early postoperative rehabilitation was encouraged.Outcomes:The patient finally achieved fracture healing three months after operation. In addition, she achieved 0–130° range of function of the knee after four months post-operation, and the patient obtained a satisfactory prognosis after our treatment.Lessons:By using appropriate surgical approach to obtain enough exposure, headless compression screws and the buttress plate provided adequate stability during early active rehabilitation, which resulted in satisfactory results in the treatment of the injury. We reviewed literatures regarding the treatment of Hoffa fracture to demonstrate that our treatment was effective.     

Nonspherical femoral head shape (pistol grip deformity), neck shaft angle, and risk of hip osteoarthritis: a case-control study

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether 2-dimensional measures of femoral head shape and angle are associated with hip osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: We compared cases with symptomatic radiographic hip OA with asymptomatic controls with no radiographic hip OA. On anteroposterior pelvis radiographs, we measured "pistol grip deformity" for each hip (visually categorized as nonspherical, indeterminate, or spherical), the femoral head-to-femoral neck ratio as an interval measure of femoral head shape, and the femoral neck shaft angle. The relative risk of hip OA associated with each feature was estimated using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), adjusted for possible confounders using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: Of 1,007 cases, 965 had definite radiographic hip OA; of 1,123 controls, 1,111 had no radiographic OA. The prevalence of pistol grip deformity in at least 1 hip was 3.61% in controls and 17.71% in cases (OR 6.95 [95% CI 4.64-10.41]), and the prevalence of abnormal femoral head-to-femoral neck ratio in at least 1 hip was 3.70% in controls and 24.27% in cases (OR 12.08 [95% CI 8.05-18.15]). The risk of hip OA increased as the femoral head-to-femoral neck ratio decreased (P for trend<0.001) and with each extreme of neck shaft angle (P<0.05). In cases with unilateral hip OA, the prevalence of abnormal femoral head-to-femoral neck ratio in the unaffected hip was 2 times greater than that in controls (OR 1.82 [95% CI 1.07-3.07]); in contrast, an abnormally low, but not abnormally high, neck shaft angle was more common in unaffected hips than in controls (OR 1.79 [95% CI 1.03-3.14]). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that pistol grip deformity is associated with hip OA. The increased prevalence of pistol grip deformity and an abnormally low neck shaft angle in unaffected hips of cases with unilateral OA suggests that they are risk factors for development of hip OA. However, both a nonspherical head shape and an increase in neck shaft angle may occur as a consequence of OA.     

Manipulation of intertrochanteric fractures in patients with below- or above-knee amputation using a fracture table: Two case reports

Rationale:In general, in the case of an intertrochanteric hip fracture, surgery is performed using a fracture table and by fixing the patient''s foot to the boot piece. In patients with amputation of the affected lower limb, it is impossible to fix the foot to the boot piece; therefore, the traction and rotation of the fracture site cannot be maintained, leading to improper patient positioning. In such cases, a fracture table cannot be used intraoperatively to stabilize the fracture site. We report 2 cases of successful intertrochanteric fracture reduction using a fracture table for patients with below- or above-knee amputation.Patient''s concerns:Both patients presented with left hip pain resulting from a fall.Diagnosis:Two elderly male patients with prior limb amputations below or above the knee presented with intertrochanteric hip fractures. Previous amputation of the lower limb on the same side of the fracture made it difficult to use a fracture table intraoperatively to stabilize the fracture site.Intervention:We performed fracture reduction using a modified fracture table for each patient. By altering the rotation of the boot piece and using additional skin traction bands, we could maintain proper patient positioning and rotation direction and obtain sufficient traction force.Outcomes:The chosen outcomes were fracture alignment and union at the end of follow-up and the ability to walk and perform activities of daily living. Reduction and intramedullary nail fixation using the fracture table were successful in both cases. Appropriate fracture union was achieved within 6 months, and the preoperative walking ability and activities of daily living were recovered in both patients, who were followed-up for 28 and 24 months.Lessons:Modification of the usual fracture table to suit patients with lower limb amputation helped us successfully perform intertrochanteric hip fracture surgery with the usual levels of traction and rotation required of the fracture site.     

Factors affecting healing following percutaneous intramedullary fixation of metacarpal fractures

Although percutaneous intramedullary nailing of metacarpal fractures is a straightforward and reliable technique, it is not without complications, and patients experience different outcomes. This study analyzed factors affecting fracture healing time and complication rates in patients who underwent percutaneous intramedullary fixation of metacarpal fractures.This study was a retrospective review of the 25 patients who underwent retrograde percutaneous Kirschner wire (K-wire) nailing for fracture of the metacarpal shaft or neck at a military hospital between May 2016 and October 2018. Correlation study and multiple regression analysis were performed to evaluate variables (age, smoking history in pack-years, body-mass index, fracture site, number of K-wires used) that affect time to bone union. Clinical features of patients with metacarpal neck fractures and those with metacarpal shaft fractures were also compared.The metacarpal shaft fractures (as opposed to metacarpal neck fractures) and higher number of K-wire used were associated with longer time to bone union. Mean union time was significantly longer for metacarpal shaft fracture (8.6 weeks) than for metacarpal neck fracture (6.1 weeks) and for patients who received more K-wires than for those who received less (regression coefficient 1.307). One patient suffered fixation failure and required revision operation, and another experienced superficial infection which was treated with intravenous antibiotics.Percutaneous intramedullary nailing is an effective technique for metacarpal fractures, but fracture site and number of K-wire used affect time to achieve bone union.     

三叉形股骨膨胀式空心加压螺钉强化股骨颈骨折扭转刚度的研究

目的评价三叉形股骨膨胀式空心加压螺钉对股骨颈骨折扭转刚度的影响。方法选用新鲜猪股骨标本12个制成标准股骨颈基底部骨折模型,随机分为对照组和实验组。对照组给予A0空心加压螺钉固定,实验组给予自制膨胀式空心加压螺钉固定。置两组标本于扭转力学试验机上,测定2Nm力矩作用下各组的扭转刚度。结果在2Nm扭矩作用下,实验组扭转刚度为（0．62±0．05）Nm／度,对照组为（0．51±0．09）Nm／度,P〈0．05。结论三叉形股骨膨胀式空心加压螺钉应用于股骨颈骨折内固定时其扭转刚度明显优于传统AO空心加压螺钉。     

Proximal femoral fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Hip fracture occurrence was examined cross-sectionally in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Between January 2005 and June 2006 we studied RA outpatients with a past history of hip fractures. Patients included 1 man and 25 women. As 3 women had bilateral hip fractures, the total number was 29. Age at the time of fracture was 72.1 ± 4.5 years. Of the 29 fractures, 22 were cervical and 7 were trochanteric. Four fractures were spontaneous while the others occurred in falls. 24 fractures were associated with oral steroid administration. All 5 fractures unassociated with prednisolone were cervical. Of the 26 patients, 8 were taking bisphosphonate when fracture occurred. Cervical fracture was treated with total hip arthroplasty in 1 patient whose hip showed RA changes. In others whose hip joint lacked RA change, procedures included osteosynthesis in 2 patients with good function over 6 years; and hemiarthroplasty with a bipolar system in 19 displaced fractures, with good function over 4.1 years. Osteosynthesis was performed for all 7 trochanteric fractures. Trabeculae were thin, and fewer transverse trabeculae could be found in specimens from cervical fracture. Hip fracture in RA patients occurred 10 years earlier than in the general population, and many fractures were cervical.     

PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折：平行与交叉构型螺钉固定的生物力学研究

目的通过生物力学试验比较平行和交叉构型螺钉固定PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的强度。方法对Synbone股骨近端模型骨进行80°截骨模拟PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折。将18例标本随机分为3组,分别使用倒三角平行构型、上方加压交叉构型和下方加压交叉构型螺钉固定骨折,使用MTS 858 Mini BionixⅡ试验系统测试标本的生物力学性质。结果倒三角平行构型螺钉组及上方加压交叉构型螺钉组的刚度均大于下方加压交叉构型螺钉组（P〈0.05）;在疲劳试验中,上方加压交叉构型螺钉组位移大于另外两组（P〈0.05）。平行螺钉在标本破坏后均发生不同程度退出,垂直于骨折线的加压螺钉均未发生退出。倒三角平行构型螺钉组和下方加压交叉构型螺钉组均有1例标本在破坏后可观察到骨折内翻。结论上方加压交叉构型螺钉能更好地对抗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折所承受的剪切应力、张力及内翻趋势,更适于此类骨折的固定。