成体干细胞在卒中治疗中的应用

脑梗死可导致不可逆性神经元网络破坏和胶质细胞脱失，并伴有相应神经功能缺损，遗留不同程度的残疾。随着干细胞的发现和对其研究的日益深入，应用干细胞治疗卒中展现了诱人的前景。由于临床七使用胚胎干细胞存在伦理学和法律问题，因此成体干细胞成为干细胞研究中较为合适的材料。     

自体干细胞移植治疗心肌损伤

干细胞是一类具有高度增殖和自我分化能力的细胞。“自体”胚胎干细胞的改造技术正日趋成熟，目前处于动物实验阶段，而自体组织干细胞移植治疗心肌损伤已有临床成功的报道，具有现实可行性和临床应用前景。本文就该领域研究现状和发展趋势作一综述。     

间充质干细胞在肝硬化基础研究和临床应用中的进展

成体间充质干细胞具有可塑性高、低免疫原性等特点,拥有广泛的临床应用前景。综述了骨髓和脐血间充质干细胞治疗肝脏疾病中的基础研究和临床应用进展,为骨髓和脐血间充质干细胞治疗肝硬化的临床应用奠定理论基础和实践支持,为终末期肝病的治疗提供了更多的技术手段。但是临床应用的安全性和有效性问题仍然需要进一步探讨。     

成体干细胞在心血管疾病中的研究进展

近年来,干细胞尤其是成体干细胞的研究进展,给心血管疾病的治疗带来了新的希望。骨髓间质干细胞、脂肪源性干细胞、造血干细胞、骨骼肌成肌细胞、心肌干细胞等已被应用于心肌的再生。而干细胞与基因治疗的结合,带来了更广阔的应用前景。现对成体干细胞移植在心血管疾病方面研究中取得的成就、有待解决的问题以及临床应用前景作一综述。     

干细胞衍生的外泌体在肝脏疾病治疗中的作用

肝脏容易受多种病因影响发生肝损伤,严重情况下可引起其合成、解毒、代谢和生物转化等功能发生障碍,当前针对肝衰竭、失代偿性肝硬化等终末期肝病仍缺乏高效的临床治疗手段。近年来间充质干细胞的临床疗效已被证实,基于干细胞外泌体的相关治疗成为研究热点。本文介绍了干细胞外泌体治疗的优势、机制研究进展、临床前研究现状等。从目前研究结果来看,干细胞衍生的外泌体治疗肝脏疾病具有良好应用前景,但临床前研究仍需进一步深入,临床研究有待开展。     

间充质干细胞治疗终末期肝病的临床研究进展

终末期肝病(ESLD)包括失代偿期肝硬化和肝衰竭，其病情凶险，预后不佳。肝移植是唯一可以治愈ESLD的方法，但因肝源短缺、免疫排斥和费用昂贵等问题，其在临床中的应用受到很大限制。间充质干细胞(MSC)可分化为肝细胞样细胞，并可通过旁分泌调节机体免疫功能，改善肝纤维化，在治疗ESLD领域具有极广的应用前景。很多临床研究已经证明输注MSC治疗ESLD在短期内是安全有效的，其长期应用的安全性和有效性也有一定的临床证据支持。MSC分泌的外泌体没有完整的细胞结构，可通过多种机制促进肝细胞再生，其临床应用价值日益受到重视，但与之相关的临床研究仍寥寥可数。干细胞治疗ESLD的核心机制、制备干细胞的标准化流程等是当下亟待解决的问题。     

成体干细胞在卒中治疗中的应用

脑梗死可导致不可逆性神经元网络破坏和胶质细胞脱失,并伴有相应神经功能缺损,遗留不同程度的残疾。随着干细胞的发现和对其研究的日益深入,应用干细胞治疗卒中展现了诱人的前景。由于临床上使用胚胎干细胞存在伦理学和法律问题,因此成体干细胞成为干细胞研究中较为合适的材料。     

肝衰竭的细胞治疗:距离临床有多远?

肝衰竭患者因发病急、病死率高常须肝移植.除此之外,可能替代肝移植的细胞治疗是目前研究的热点.本文概述了近年来肝细胞移植、造血干细胞移植、间充质干细胞移植的基础研究进展和临床应用现况,及肝前体细胞和诱导性多能干细胞的特点和临床应用前景.     

航空异常环境因素对心脏干细胞的影响

随着对干细胞研究的不断深入，干细胞治疗心脏疾病的作用机制也越来越明晰。心脏干细胞（CSCs）具有组织特异性和心系定向分化潜能，因此，在心脏疾病治疗方面较其他种类的干细胞具有明显优势。根据CSCs表达标记物的不同，可进一步将其分为不同的族群。本文旨在介绍不同族群CSCs的表型特征、分化潜能及临床应用前景，并重点关注缺氧、辐射等航空异常环境因素对CSCs功能和状态的影响。     

骨髓间质干细胞治疗脑梗死

脑梗死的发病率和致残率高，目前的治疗手段均未取得满意临床疗效。骨髓问质干细胞具有多向分化潜能，在体内和体外可转化为神经细胞，对脑梗死模型动物治疗后可取得神经功能改善。bcl-2具有抗凋亡作用，转染骨髓间质干细胞后，细胞内bcl-2高度表达可减少移植后干细胞凋亡。文章就骨髓间质干细胞治疗脑梗死的应用研究进展及前景进行了综述。     

干细胞与消化系疾病研究进展

在第六届上海国际胃肠病学会议期间,除对一些常规的消化道疾病进行了专题演讲和深入探讨外,还邀请了干细胞研究方面的学者,就胃癌细胞的起源、将肝细胞核因子4α（HNF4α）转染肝癌细胞株HepG2和Hep3B诱导其分化为肝细胞、肝癌诱导分化治疗、干细胞与肝再生、干细胞生存和死亡生物特性、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD）／炯酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADPH）与细胞凋广等进行了广泛和深入的探讨,为如何将干细胞与消化系疾病研究相结合提出了新的思路。     

Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells: The Friendly Side of a Classic Cardiovascular Foe

Recently, the existence of a population of stem cells located in the adipose tissue has been observed. Adipose-derived stem cells are able to differentiate into multiple cell lineages including cardiac myocytes. Hence, adipose-derived cells are emerging as a new source of adult stem cells for cardiovascular repair. In this review, we discuss the basic principles of adipose-derived stem cells (types and characteristics, obtention processes, immunophenotypic characterization, and cell potency), the initial experimental studies, and the currently ongoing clinical trials.     

干细胞移植治疗心肌梗死

近年来,干细胞包括骨骼肌成肌细胞、胚胎干细胞和骨髓干细胞已被应用于心肌再生.心肌梗死动物模型的实验研究表明,干细胞移植改善了梗死心肌的功能,但其作用机制尚不十分清楚.本文对干细胞移植治疗心肌梗死研究中取得的成就、目前的研究焦点和有待解决的问题以及临床应用的潜力做一个总的评述.     

Role of stem cells in repair of liver injury:Experimental and clinical benefit of transferred stem cells on liver failure

Although the liver has a high regenerative capacity,as a result of massive hepatocyte death,liver failure occurs. In addition to liver failure,for acute,chronic and hereditary diseases of the liver,cell transplantation therapies can stimulate regeneration or at least ensure sufficient function until liver transplantation can be performed. The lack of donor organs and the risks of rejection have prompted extensive experimental and clinical research in the field of cellular transplantation. Transplantation of cell lineages involved in liver regeneration,including mature hepatocytes,fetal hepatocytes,fetal liver progenitor cells,fetal stem cells,hepatic progenitor cells,hepatic stem cells,mesenchymal stem cells,hematopoietic stem cells,and peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood stem cells,have been found to be beneficial in the treatment of liver failure.In this article,the results of experimental and clinical cell transplantation trials for liver failure are reviewed,with an emphasis on regeneration.     

干细胞技术治疗糖尿病的研究进展与应用前景

干细胞技术可以为糖尿病的细胞替代治疗提供足量胰岛细胞.胚胎干(embryonic stem,ES)细胞、诱导性多潜能干(induced pluripotentstem,iPS)细胞及成体干细胞可以在体外或体内分化为胰岛素分泌细胞,并可降低糖尿病动物模型的血糖.在小规模的临床试验中,自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗糖尿病已经初步显...     

Cellular replacement therapy for arrhythmia treatment: Early clinical experience

Clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated the proarrhythmic potential of skeletal myoblast transplantation for repair of infarcted myocardium. The evidence on proarrhythmia following bone marrow-derived stem cells, and particular msenchymal stem cells, transplantation is inconclusive. There are experimental and preliminary clinical data supporting the possibility that mesenchymal stem cell transplantation might exert an anti-arrhythmic action by intervening with myocardial scar remodeling. However, clinical experience is limited.     

消化道干细胞的研究现状和应用前景

干细胞是一类具有自我复制和多分化潜能的细胞,来源于胚胎、胎儿组织和成年组织。消化道干细胞的研究对于消化道疾病的发生机制的探索及其治疗有着重要的指导意义。此文对常见的消化道干细胞包括胰腺、肝脏、胃肠上皮干细胞的分离培养、鉴定和分化,以及临床应用前景作一简要概述。     

Do stem cells in the heart truly differentiate into cardiomyocytes?

Chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) is a common consequence of heart muscle or valve damage and remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are increasing interests to treat cardiac failure by stem cell-based therapy. Many types of stem cells or progenitor cells have been suggested for cellular therapy of heart failure. While stem cell-based therapy was initially thought to be achieved by transdifferentiation of stem cells into myocardial cells including cardiomyocytes it has become clear that this may be rather an infrequent event. Instead cardiac regeneration may result from vascular differentiation of stem cells or even from stem cell-mediated reverse remodelling. Thus the term stem cell-mediated cardiac regeneration covers the spectrum from stem cell transdifferentiation into cardiomyocytes to cell-mediated pharmacotherapy. In this review we revise stem cell-based cardiac regeneration both in experimental models and in clinical application. We have limited our discussion on some selected types of stem cells, with particular emphasis on their differentiation potential, current status and perspectives on their future applications.     

干细胞治疗肝脏疾病研究进展*

干细胞是一类具有自我更新、增殖和多向分化潜能的细胞群体,作为最有潜力的种子细胞来源,近年来受到国内外广泛的关注,已有大量干细胞应用于肝脏疾病治疗的研究报道,初步验证其治疗的有效性及安全性,成为治疗肝病的一种新策略。本文就相关干细胞的分类、培养和移植方法、体内示踪和治疗肝脏疾病方面的最新研究进展进行论述。     

Bone marrow-derived stem cells and "plasticity"

Studies describing plasticity of somatic stem cells have become a focus of interest because clinical applications in the treatment of degenerative diseases would be at hand. In particular, bone marrow-derived cells and their potential to contribute to skeletal and cardiac muscle, liver, neurons and epithelium have recently been studied extensively. Nevertheless, results of these studies have not always been consistent with each other, and yet it remains to be resolved whether plasticity of adult stem cells truly exists. This review will discuss the role of bone marrow-derived stem cells in the field of experimental and clinical plasticity studies. Observations compatible with the concept of stem cell plasticity will be weighed against limitations of the experimental systems employed.