空肠黏膜剥离双荷包缝合套扎术预防PD术后胰空肠吻合口瘘

目的 探讨胰十二指肠切除术（PD）胰肠吻合的一种新方法——空肠黏膜剥离双荷包缝合套扎＋吻合口中央胰腺上下缘缝扎法,以及其预防术后胰空肠吻合口瘘的应用价值.方法 自2009年6月至2013年10月我科共收治PD术患者65例,胰肠吻合均采用空肠黏膜剥离双荷包缝合套扎＋吻合口中央胰腺上下缘缝扎法,分析此吻合术式的可行性、疗效及并发症.结果 本组患者手术均取得成功,术后发生胰瘘2例,发生率为3％ （2/65）,分别发生于术后第7、12天,经用生长抑素（善得定或施他宁等）药物3周后治愈.其余患者均无胆瘘、肠瘘及大出血等重大并发症,无死亡病例.结论 空肠黏膜剥离双荷包缝合套扎＋吻合口中央胰腺上下缘缝扎法,在胰肠吻合中可行性强,方法简单,疗效可靠,胰瘘发生率低,有明显的临床优势,有很好的实用推广价值.     

胰十二指肠切除改良胰管空肠吻合预防胰瘘的临床研究

目的探讨胰十二指肠切除术改良的胰管空肠端侧黏膜对黏膜胰管空肠套入式吻合方式预防胰瘘的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析111例胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料,其中残胰重建方式为胰管空肠黏膜对黏膜套入式端侧精确吻合(改良胰管空肠吻合)者41例(改良组),胰空肠端端常规套入吻合手术者70例(常规组),比较两种胰肠吻合方法对术后胰瘘发生率的影响。结果改良组41例术后恢复顺利,无一例发生胰瘘;常规组发生胰瘘13例(18.57%)。两种术式间胰瘘发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组其他并发症发生率如消化道出血、胃排空障碍、胆瘘、腹腔感染、肺感染和切口感染以及生存率方面的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论胰十二指肠切除术胰管空肠端侧黏膜对黏膜套入式吻合在预防胰瘘发生方面具有明显优势,值得在临床工作中推广运用。     

改进胰肠吻合技术在胰十二指肠切除术中预防胰瘘的治疗体会

目的 探讨改进胰肠吻合技术在胰十二指肠切除术(pancreatoduodenectomy,PD)中预防胰瘘的作用.方法 将改进胰管空肠黏膜对拢吻合技术应用于24例PD胰肠重建.结果 效果满意,无一例胰瘘并发症,无一例死亡.结论 改进胰管空肠黏膜对拢吻合技术应用于PD胰肠重建,可有效降低术后胰瘘的发生率,降低死亡率.     

胰肠套入吻合缝线贯穿胰管预防术后胰瘘

目的探讨胰肠套入吻合时缝线贯穿胰管能否减少胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的发生。方法将36例行胰十二指肠切除术患者随机分为两组,胰肠吻合套入组(实验组),采用缝线经胰腺全层贯穿胰管方法,对照组缝线只穿过胰腺浆膜层及部分胰腺实质,没有贯穿胰管,比较两组胰瘘的发生率。结果两组在手术时间及术中失血量方面差异无统计学意义,实验组2例发生胰瘘(11.1%),显著低于对照组(7例胰瘘,38.9%)。结论胰肠套入吻合时缝线贯穿胰管方法简单易行,而且安全,在不增加手术时间和术中失血量的情况下,能减少术后胰瘘发生率,是胰十二指肠切除术中很好的胰肠吻合方法。外科医生应该根据实际情况,选用最熟悉的方式进行胰肠吻合,有利于减少胰十二指肠切除术后并发症的发生。     

胰腺空肠端侧套入式胰管空肠黏膜吻合200例经验

目的探讨胰肠端侧套入式胰管空肠黏膜吻合术的临床效果。方法回顾性分析笔者所在医院基本外科2005年8月至2012年12月期间200例行胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料。采用Child法重建消化道,胰肠吻合施行胰肠端侧套入式胰管空肠黏膜吻合术,采用3层缝合结构（胰腺与空肠浆肌层、胰腺切缘与空肠浆肌层切缘以及胰管与空肠黏膜）,胰管内置入硅胶管并引至空肠内。吻合口周围覆盖部分大网膜,并于吻合口下方放置引流管。结果全部患者手术均顺利,未出现围手术期死亡者。手术时间为（298±77）min、280～420 min。胰瘘发生率为11%（22/200例）,A级17例、B级2例、C级3例;其中16例合并腹腔感染,1例合并脾静脉腐蚀大出血,1例合并胆肠吻合口假性动脉瘤破裂大出血,1例合并腹腔脓肿。3例C级胰瘘患者经二次手术治愈,其余19例均经保守治疗痊愈。结论胰肠端侧套入式胰管空肠黏膜吻合术操作简便,适用范围广,安全性高,可有效降低胰瘘发生率。吻合口覆盖大网膜可限制外漏胰液的扩散,减少胰瘘导致的严重并发症。     

"荷包背带裤式"胰肠吻合法预防术后胰瘘的研究

目的探讨"荷包背带裤式"胰肠吻合法对胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生率的影响。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2018年12月间,于大连大学附属中山医院行胰十二指肠切除术的70例患者的临床资料。根据选择胰肠吻合方式的不同分为观察组(45例)和对照组(25例)。观察组采用"荷包背带裤式"胰肠吻合法,对照组采用"胰管对空肠黏膜"胰肠吻合法。该70例手术均由同一团队完成。比较并分析两组患者手术用时及术后并发症发生率的差异。结果两组患者一般资料及术中观察情况的差异无统计学意义。对照组手术用时(4.28±1.10)h,观察组(3.62±0.76)h,两组间差异有统计学意义(t=2.942,P=0.004)。对照组术后胰瘘7例(28.0%),其中6例B级胰瘘,1例C级胰瘘;观察组术后胰瘘3例(6.7%),均为B级胰瘘。术后腹腔内出血对照组6例(24.0%),观察组7例(15.6%);术后腹腔内感染对照组8例(32.0%),观察组8例(17.8%);术后胃瘫对照组3例(12.0%),观察组4例(8.9%)。两组比较,术后胰瘘发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.358,P=0.037),其余并发症发生率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论"荷包背带裤式"胰肠吻合法具有操作简单快捷、适用范围较广、吻合牢靠安全等优点,在缩短手术时间及降低术后胰瘘方面有一定优势。     

四点法胰管空肠粘膜吻合法在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用价值

胰瘘是胰十二指肠切除术后的严重并发症 ,易并发感染并成为手术死亡的重要原因。如何预防手术后胰瘘成为降低手术死亡率的关键 ,根本措施在于肿瘤切除后胰空肠吻合方法的选择和操作技术的改进[1] 。我院在 1982～ 1998年间施行胰十二指肠切除术 16 2例 ,其中 6 3例采用四点法胰管空肠粘膜吻合法行胰肠重建 ,未发生胰瘘 ,报告如下。一、资料与方法1.一般临床资料 :我们在 1982～ 1998年期间共施行胰十二指肠切除术 16 2例。自 1990年开始陆续采用四点法胰管空肠粘膜吻合法行胰肠重建 6 3例 ,占 38 9% ,其中男性 40例 ,女性 2 3例 ,男女之比为…     

改良胰管空肠端侧吻合在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的通过与其他吻合术式比较,探讨改良胰管空肠端侧吻合在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用价值。方法分析我院于2009年1月至2011年5月进行的203例因恶性肿瘤行胰十二指肠切除术的患者,其中A组86例,行改良胰管空肠端侧吻合;B组68例,行套入式胰肠端侧吻合;C组49例,行套入式胰肠端端吻合。分别比较胰肠吻合手术时间、术后胰瘘等并发症情况。结果 A、B、C三组胰肠吻合时间分别为(10.6±2.8)min、(19.9±3.6)min及(20.6±3.7)min,A组吻合时间显著低于其他两组(P<0.05)。术后胰瘘发生率A组最低,为1.1%(1/86),B组为4.4%(3/68),C组为6.1%(3/49)。结论胰管空肠端侧吻合操作简便省时,术后并发症发生率低,是胰十二指肠切除术中胰肠吻合的一种良好方法。     

胰管空肠黏膜吻合预防Whipple术后胰瘘的发生

1995年开始我们对 6 3例行胰十二指肠切除的患者采用胰管空肠黏膜吻合方式 ,无 1例发生胰瘘和消化道出血 ,取得满意效果 ,现报告如下。临床资料1.一般资料 :本组共 6 3例 ,其中男 4 1例 ,女 2 2例 ;年龄2 8～ 89岁 ,平均 5 3岁。胰头癌 34例 ,壶腹周围癌 17例 ,胃窦癌 4例 ,十二指肠癌 2例 ,慢性胰腺炎 5例 ,十二指肠异位胰腺伴炎性假瘤形成 1例。2 .手术方式 :(1)离断胰腺 :在预定胰腺切线的上、下缘常规各缝扎 1针 ,用尖刀边切边缝扎止血 ,缝合时不宜大块组织结扎。仔细观察胰腺断面 ,无论胰管有无扩张 ,在胰腺断面中部近后缘处均可见清亮…     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘合并出血二次手术2例并国内文献复习

目的 关于胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘合并出血的二次手术方式缺乏相应的指南及专家共识,本文旨在复习胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘合并出血的二次手术方式并探讨胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘合并出血治疗方案。方法 回顾分析2例胰十二指肠切除术后C级胰瘘合并出血的诊疗及手术过程,对胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘合并出血的二次手术方式进行文献复习。结果 2例胰十二指肠切除术后C级胰瘘合并出血的患者,均在保守治疗无效的情况下进行了二次手术。患者1在探查胰肠吻合口时,发现门静脉出血,确切止血后重新行原位的胰肠吻合术,最终痊愈出院;患者2由于胰瘘导致了迟发性的出血及腹腔感染,在二次手术时并未发现明确的责任血管,手术中对出血风险较高的血管进行了结扎,并对胰肠吻合口进行了加针修补,最终患者因全身多器官功能衰竭死亡。结论 PD术后胰瘘合并出血的治疗需要介入科、重症医学科、普外科的多学科参与,外科手术仍然是PD术后胰瘘合并出血的关键一环。     

Pancreatic fistula and postoperative pancreatitis after pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer

The most serious complication after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is pancreatic fistula (PF) type C, either as a consequence or independently from postoperative pancreatitis (PP). Differentiating between these two types of complications is often very difficult, if not impossible. The most significant factor in early diagnosis of PP after PD is an abrupt change in clinical status. In our retrospective study we also observed significantly higher levels of serum concentrations of CRP and AMS comparing to PF without PP. Based on our findings, CT scan is not beneficial in the early diagnosis of PP. Meantime PF type C is indication to operative revision with mostly drainage procedure which is obviously not much technically demanding, there are no definite guidelines on how to proceed in PP. Therefore the surgeon’s experience determines not only whether PP will be diagnosed early enough and will be differentiated from PF without PP, but also whether a completion pancreatectomy will be performed in indicated cases.     

A modified version of Herrera's method for creating a pancreatic fistula in dogs

Various cannulae have been devised to serve in experiments for collecting pancreatic juice. In this study we created a pancreatic fistula in dogs through a modification of Herrera's method. Since it is advisable to make as small a duodenal pouch as possible to collect almost all the secreted pancreatic juice, both ends of the pouch were closed by an inverted continuous all-layer suture. The lateral flange of the cannula was then introduced into the pouch to sample the pancreatic juice. Duodenoduodenostomy was performed to restore continuity of the alimentary tract, and the other end was inserted into the duodenum 3 cm distal to the anastomosis on the anal side. The exocrine pancreatic secretion of these dogs responded well to food ingestion, with a peak level of 14.5±5.4 ml/15 min appearing after 30 to 45 min in a postprandial state. Moreover, the animals were able to survive and be utilized for experiments for a period of 3 to 5 months. This experimental model is therefore considered to be of great value for the investigation of exocrine pancreatic secretion.     

Pancreatic fistula rates after internal and external stenting of the pancreatojejunostomy anastomosis following pancreatoduodenectomy

Abstract

Background: This retrospective comparative case series study aims to analyze the pancreatic fistula rates of internal and external stenting of the pancreatojejunostomy (PJ) anastomosis in patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for periampullary tumors.

Methods: Ninety-eight patients with periampullary tumors who were operated between 2010 and 2017 were enrolled in this study. A classic open PD with Roux-en-Y PJ reconstruction was performed in all cases.

Results: The PJ anastomosis of 53 patients (54%) were stented internally whereas in 45 patients (46%) external stenting was preferred. Pancreatic fistula was observed in 29 patients (29.6%). Internal stenting and soft pancreatic tissue were found to be related to higher pancreatic fistula rates with odds ratios of 3.27 (p?=?.024) and 3.4 (p?=?.017), respectively. When only grade B and grade C fistulas were taken into account, the type of stenting has lost its significance but the texture of the remnant pancreas was still associated with ‘clinically important’ pancreatic fistula.

Conclusions: We concluded that the external stenting of the PJ anastomosis may be considered as an effective approach for reducing postoperative pancreatic leaks in PD-planned patients for periampullary tumors. Although our study was retrospectively designed, we used standard charts to gather patient data and compared two stenting methods among homogeneous patient groups.     

Does pancreatic duct stenting decrease the rate of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy? Results of a prospective randomized trial

Pancreatic duct stenting remains an attractive strategy to reduce the incidence of pancreatic fistulas following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with encouraging results in both retrospective and prospective studies. We performed a prospective randomized trial to test the hypothesis that internal pancreatic duct stenting reduces the development of pancreatic fistulas following PD. Two hundred thirty-eight patients were randomized to either receive a pancreatic stent (S) or no stent (NS), and stratified according to the texture of the pancreatic remnant (soft/normal versus hard). Four patients were excluded from the study; in three instances due to a pancreatic duct that was too small to cannulate and in the other instance because a total pancreatectomy was performed. Patients who randomized to the S group had a 6-cm-long segment of a plastic pediatric feeding tube used to stent the pancreaticojejunostomy anastomosis. In patients with a soft pancreas, 57 randomized to the S group and 56 randomized to the NS group. In patients with a hard pancreas, 58 randomized to the S group and 63 randomized to the NS group. The S and NS groups for the entire study population, as well as for the subgroup of high-risk patients with soft pancreata, were similar as regard to demographics, past medical history, preoperative symptoms, preoperative procedures, and intraoperative data. The pancreatic fistula rate for the entire study population was 9.4%. The fistula rates in the S and NS subgroups with hard pancreata were similar, at 1.7% and 4.8% (P=0.4), respectively. The fistula rates in the S and NS subgroups with soft pancreata were also similar, at 21.1% and 10.7% (P=0.1), respectively. A nonstatistically significant increase in the pancreatic fistula rate in the S group persisted after adjusting for the operating surgeon and technical details of the operation (e.g., anastomotic technique, anastomotic orientation, pancreatic duct size, and number of intra-abdominal drains placed). In patients with soft pancreata, 63% percent of the pancreatic fistulas in stented patients required adjustment to the clinical pathway (including two deaths), compared to 47% of the pancreatic fistulas in patients in the NS group (P=0.3). Internal pancreatic duct stenting does not decrease the frequency or the severity of postoperative pancreatic fistulas. Presented at the Forty-Seventh Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Los Angeles, California, May 20–24, 2006.     

Arguments for an individualized closure of the pancreatic remnant after distal pancreatic resection

AIM:To analyze risk factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF) rate after distal pancreatic resection(DPR).METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of 126 DPRs during 16 years.The primary endpoint was clinically relevant pancreatic fistula.RESULTS:Over the years,there was an increasing rate of operations in patients with a high-risk pancreas and a significant change in operative techniques.POPF was the most prominent factor for perioperative morbidity.Significant risk factors for pancreatic fistula were high body mass index(BMI) [odds ratio(OR) = 1.2(CI:1.1-1.3),P = 0.001],high-risk pancreatic pathology [OR = 3.0(CI:1.3-7.0),P = 0.011] and direct closure of the pancreas by hand suture [OR = 2.9(CI:1.2-6.7),P = 0.014].Of these,BMI and hand suture closure were independent risk factors in multivariate analysis.While hand suture closure was a risk factor in the low-risk pancreas subgroup,high BMI further increased the fistula rate for a high-risk pancreas.CONCLUSION:We propose a risk-adapted and indication-adapted choice of the closure method for the pancreatic remnant to reduce pancreatic fistula rate.     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的预防

目的 总结胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的预防经验.方法 回顾性分析1992年1月至2010年11月97例行胰十二指肠切除术的病例资料.结果 本组术后无胰瘘发生,术后肺部感染9例,腹部伤口感染6例(其中伤口裂开2例,右胸腔积液2例,胰腺残端出血、腹腔脓肿形成、胃排空延迟各1例),术后因高渗性昏迷死亡1例.结论 完全性胰液外引流...     

胆胰液分流预防胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的价值

目的：探讨胆胰液分流预防胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的价值。方法；对91例胰十二指肠切除术患胰、胆、胃消化直重建时分别采用改良Roux-en—Y吻合术、总胆管放置T型引流管和胰管内放置引流管3种胆胰液分流术治疗，同时用未行胆胰液分流术45例作对照。结果：胰十二指肠切除术后行胆胰液分流术91例的胰瘘发生率为2．2％(2／91)，未行胆胰液分流术45例的胰瘘发生率为15．5％(7／45)（P＝0.00065)。应用改Roux－en—Y吻合术6例，胰管内放置引流管26例，无1例出现胰瘘；总胆管放置T型引流管59例，2例出现胰瘘。结论：胆胰液分流是预防胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生的重要环节。