分泌性中耳炎咽鼓管咽口的内窥镜观察

咽鼓管功能失调是分泌性中耳炎发病的重要原因之一，但引起咽鼓管功能失调的原因尚未完全阐明。对鼻咽部病理改变的观察有助于对咽鼓管功能失调原因的认识。文中应用鼻内窥镜技术对155耳分泌性中耳炎患者咽鼓管咽口的病理改变进行了观察。材料与方法：分泌性中耳炎病人，儿童45例（77耳），年龄5～12岁，成人60例（78耳），年龄25～73岁，以4％利多卡因行鼻腔表面麻醉，应用纤维内窥镜观察鼻咽部。结果，儿童56耳（727％）咽鼓管咽口被粘脓性鼻分泌物阻塞；40耳（52．0％）咽口被腺样体挤压；13耳（119％）咽鼓管咽口腺样体肥大；8耳（10．4…     

儿童腺样体肥大与分泌性中耳炎的关系研究

目的探讨腺样体肥大儿童中分泌性中耳炎发病情况及其影响因素。方法258例住院手术治疗的腺样体肥大的儿童,均常规进行病史采集、鼻咽侧位片、声导抗检查;对部分患儿进行鼻内镜检查录像,单盲评估腺样体肥大程度及其与咽鼓管咽口的关系。统计分析分泌性中耳炎发生率及其影响因素。结果在258病例中经声导抗检查证实合并分泌性中耳炎者108例（41.9％）,而病史中有明确听力减退主诉者仅27例（10.5％）;对合并和未合并分泌性中耳炎病例的相关影响因素统计分析发现,患儿性别、病程长短、腭扁桃体大小等因素对分泌性中耳炎发病无明显影响,低龄患儿、腺样体过度肥大、腺样体与咽鼓管园枕或咽口关系密切者发生分泌性中耳炎可能性大,多元回归分析证明其中影响最显著的因素是腺样体与咽鼓管园枕或咽口关系密切程度。结论有必要对所有腺样体肥大患儿常规进行听力学检查,以确认或除外分泌性中耳炎诊断。低龄患儿、腺样体过度肥大或与咽鼓管园枕及咽口关系密切是分泌性中耳炎的促发因素。     

分泌性中耳炎患儿鼻咽部内窥镜观察结果分析

目的探讨儿童鼻咽部内窥镜观察结果与分泌性中耳炎(secretary otitismedia,SOM)的相关性。方法对75例150耳正常儿童(对照组)和92例152耳SOM患儿(SOM组),在纤维鼻咽镜下观察咽鼓管咽口的形态及周围病变,比较两组结果。结果①对照组咽鼓管咽口形态椭圆形30耳(20.00%)、喇叭形30耳(20.00%)、三角形44耳(29.33%)、缝隙形46耳(30.67%),SOM组上述各型耳数分别为28(18.42%)、27(17.76%)、47(30.92%)、50(32.89%)耳,两组咽鼓管咽口形态差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②SOM组儿童咽鼓管咽口周围病变主要是鼻咽部炎症(74耳,48.68%),其次是腺样体肥大(46耳,30.26%)、咽鼓管扁桃体肥大(20耳,13.16%)及咽口水肿(12耳,7.89%);对照组则主要是咽口周围水肿(80耳,53.33%)、腺样体肥大(40耳,26.67%)、鼻咽部粘脓性分泌物(20耳,13.33%)以及咽鼓管扁桃体肥大(10耳,6.67%)。结论儿童SOM发病与咽鼓管咽口形态无关,而与咽鼓管周围病理变化相关。     

咽鼓管咽口及其周围形态学改变与分泌性中耳炎的相关性研究

目的:研究咽鼓管咽口及其周围形态学改变与分泌性中耳炎(SOM)的相关性。方法:72例(144耳)正常人为对照组,89例(151耳)SOM患者为SOM组。用纤维鼻咽镜观察对照组和SOM组咽鼓管咽口的形态及SOM组咽鼓管咽口周围形态改变。结果:①对照组和SOM组成人咽鼓管咽口形态中三角形及缝隙形的差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);②对照组和SOM组儿童咽鼓管咽口形态差异无统计学意义;③成人SOM咽鼓管咽口周围形态改变与儿童不同。结论:①成人咽鼓管咽口形态改变在SOM的发生、发展中有着不可忽视的相关性,为探索成人SOM的治疗提供了一个新的思路。②在SOM组儿童中发现所有患儿咽鼓管咽口周围主要是鼻咽部炎症,次之是腺样体肥大和咽鼓管扁桃体肥大。③本研究采用纤维鼻咽镜直接观察咽鼓管咽口及鼻咽侧壁,对于明确SOM的病因和选择治疗方案具有重要意义。     

腺样体肥大致分泌性中耳炎手术切除后复发的临床分析及防治

目的探讨腺样体肥大所致分泌性中耳炎手术切除后复发的原因及防治措施.方法对18例、35耳腺样体肥大所致分泌性中耳炎手术切除后复发的患者行常规声阻抗、纯音测听及鼻咽镜检查.在鼻内窥镜下切除增生组织,咽鼓管置管,并结合药物治疗.结果复发18例、35耳中10例腺样体有不同程度的增生,6例咽鼓管扁桃体增生,2例咽鼓管咽口形成瘢痕.经治疗,16例、32耳治愈,1例、2耳好转,有效率97.1%.结论传统腺样体手术由于不能在直视下进行,故手术切除增生组织的范围、深度不能确切保证,是术后复发的主要原因,周围淋巴组织代偿性增生也是重要因素.内镜下直视手术及咽鼓管置管,操作简便,疗效确切.     

分泌性中耳炎行纤维鼻咽镜检查的意义

分泌性中耳炎的病因不是单一的 ,咽鼓管功能障碍是重要原因之一。我科自 1 996年 6月～ 1 997年 6月对 63例 (81耳 )分泌性中耳炎患者应用Olympus纤维鼻咽镜进行鼻腔 -鼻咽部检查 ,为确定治疗方案提供依据。1　临床资料分泌性中耳炎患者 63例 (81耳 ) ,男 40例 ,女2 3例。 8～ 1 7岁 2 2例 (37耳 ) ,其中鼻腔或鼻咽部脓性分泌物 8例 ,腺样体红肿 8例 ,咽鼓管咽口肿胀 3例 ,腺样体肿大伴咽鼓管咽口淋巴滤泡增生 3例 ;>1 7～ 69岁 41例 (44耳 ) ,其中鼻腔或鼻咽部脓性分泌物 1 2例 ,鼻腔息肉 8例 ,下鼻甲后端肥大 2例 ,鼻咽部充血 5例 ,鼻咽…     

腺样体肥大并分泌性中耳炎患儿的预后影响因素分析

目的：探讨腺样体肥大并分泌性中耳炎的患儿在腺样体切除术后其分泌性中耳炎预后的影响因素。方法以198例（252耳）腺样体肥大伴分泌性中耳炎患儿为研究对象,其中15例（23耳）行鼓膜置管术者不计入统计结果。对其余183例（229耳）住院行鼻内镜下腺样体切除术的患儿,随访3～12个月,比较不同性别、病程、腺样体肥大程度、咽鼓管功能及是否伴慢性鼻－鼻窦炎患儿的疗效。结果183例（229耳）并分泌性中耳炎患儿行腺样体切除术后分泌性中耳炎治愈143例（157耳）,好转20例（39耳）,无效20例（33耳）。病程长、腺样体Ⅲ度肥大、咽鼓管功能未恢复、伴慢性鼻－鼻窦炎的患儿分别较病程短、腺样体Ⅰ、Ⅱ度大、咽鼓管功能恢复及不伴慢性鼻－鼻窦炎患儿疗效差（P＜0．05）。结论病程较长、腺样体Ⅲ度肥大、咽鼓管功能障碍、伴慢性鼻－鼻窦炎可能影响腺样体肥大并分泌性中耳炎患儿在腺样体切除术后其分泌性中耳炎的预后。     

腺样体切除加鼓室置管治疗顽固性分泌性中耳炎(附36例报告)

目的探讨腺样体切除加鼓室置管治疗顽固性分泌性中耳炎的效果.方法对36例经保守治疗反复发作的顽固性分泌性中耳炎患儿术前施行了耳部检查、鼻咽侧位片与鼻内窥镜检查,确定腺样体肥大与分泌性中耳炎的关系,然后施行腺样体切除加鼓室置管术,手术后跟踪随访.结果术后经过6个月～3年余的随访,26例在1～6个月听力恢复正常,声阻抗检查鼓室压力在40～80之间;6例听力基本正常,只是某些频率下降了10～20dB;4例遗留轻度的气导听力下降.鼻咽侧位片显示已无肥大腺样体,部分患者鼻咽镜检查示咽鼓管咽口的压迫已经解除.结论腺样体肥大压迫或接近咽鼓管咽口是顽固性分泌性中耳炎的主要原因,鼻内窥镜检查是确定二者是否有关的有效方法.鼓室置管可较快地提高听力,腺样体切除则可防止中耳炎复发.     

鼻内镜下电动钻切除腺样体治疗小儿分泌性中耳炎

分泌性中耳炎与咽鼓管功能有关,腺样体肥大导致咽鼓管咽口机械性阻塞,引起咽鼓管功能障碍。我科1998年2月-2004年2月在鼻内镜下使用电动钻切除肥大腺样体治疗小儿分泌性中耳炎70例,取得良好效果。报告如下。     

儿童腺样体肥大与分泌性中耳炎的相关性研究

目的分析儿童腺样体肥大伴分泌性中耳炎的发病情况及腺样体切除术后分泌性中耳炎的转归。方法1382例腺样体肥大的儿童行腺样体切除手术前后经鼻咽侧位片、声导抗检测及电测听检查,统计分析伴分泌性中耳炎发生率及其与腺样体肥大的关系。结果1382例中腺样体肥大合并分泌性中耳炎患者892耳,腺样体切除术后3个月复查,合并分泌性中耳炎患儿中治愈528耳（59.19%）,好转298耳（33.41%）,总有效率达92.60%。结论腺样体过度肥大是儿童分泌性中耳炎的一大诱因,鼻内镜下切除肥大腺样体治疗分泌性中耳炎,疗效明确,具有重要的临床意义。     

Endoscopic findings at the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube in otitis media with effusion

Transnasal endoscopy of the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube was performed on 155 ears with otitis media with effusion (77 ears of children, 78 ears of adults). In children, blockage of the orifice by mucopurulent nasal discharge was the most frequent finding (72.7%), followed by compression of the orifice by the adenoid tissue (52.0%), hypertrophy of the peritubal tonsil (16.9%), and edema around the orifice, especially at its posterior lip (10.4%). In adults, the most frequent abnormal finding was edema of the orifice (26.9%), followed by blockage of the orifice by mucopurulent nasal discharge (23.1 %), and atrophy of the orifice (10.3%). In 39.7% of cases findings were normal. Thus, main pathological findings associated with tubal dysfunction involved inflammation in the nasopharynx.     

Acute and latent mastoiditis in children

During the period from 1974 to 1981, surgery for acute mastoiditis was performed on 12 ears, giving an annual incidence of 0.004 per cent among cases of acute otitis media. All ears made a full long-term recovery. The low incidence is ascribed to the world-wide early use of antibiotics. During the same period 52 ears with secretory otitis media (SOM) underwent mastoidectomy. Histologically extensive mastoid inflammation was found in 96 per cent. The changes appeared as formation of secretory cells and cysts, resorption of bone, and infiltration of soft tissues with both mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The number of SOM patients undergoing mastoid operations account for 1.4 per cent of the patients admitted to hospital because of SOM. Thirty-four ears (65 per cent) have healed during the follow-up period (mean 2.9 years), while the tympanostomy tube is still in place in 18 ears (35 per cent). In the latter group, factors causing oedema in the pharyngeal end of the Eustachian tube are apparently still present.     

鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎的治疗探索

目的探索鼻咽癌（nasopharyngeal carcinoma,NPC）放射治疗后分泌性中耳炎（secretory otitis media,SOM）的治疗方法。方法对63例（72耳）NPC放疗后SOM患者,采用综合治疗措施：全身和局部抗炎,神经营养,扩张血管,激素治疗;加强鼻腔、鼻咽局部清理,治疗鼻腔鼻窦疾病;咽鼓管置管、冲洗并向鼓室注入麻黄碱、氧氟沙星、地塞米松和α-糜蛋白酶混合药液。结果所有患者治疗前均有耳鸣、耳闷塞感、听力下降等症状,鼓室导抗图均为“B”型。经综合治疗后,耳鸣消失45耳（62.50％）,好转17耳（23.61％）,无效10耳（13.89％）,总有效率86.11％;耳闷塞感消失57耳（79.17％）,好转11耳（15.28％）,无效4耳（5.55％）,总有效率94.45％;声阻抗检查鼓室曲线“A”型38耳（52.78％）,“As”型25耳（34.72％）,“B”型4耳（5.56％）,“C”型5耳（6.94％）;0.5、1.0、2.0kHz气导听阈均值从治疗前的（46.0&#177;5.0）dBHL提高到治疗后的（25.8&#177;3.5）dBHL,差异具有显著性（P〈0.001）。结论分析NPC放疗后SOM的发病机理,有针对性地采取对因治疗,是非常有效和切实可行的,对提高NPC患者的生存质量具有重要意义,可以在临床实践中加以应用和推广。     

Adenoid histamine and its possible relationship to secretory otitis media

We have shown that adenoid tissue contains large amounts of the inflammatory mediator histamine. Children with fluid present in both ears at operation were found to have increased amounts of histamine in their adenoid tissue compared to a group with no signs or symptoms of SOM. Also mouth breathing and nasal obstruction were associated with adenoid histamine content whereas other signs and symptoms were not. No significant differences in adenoid weight were seen between SOM and non SOM patients. Histamine, both free and cell-associated, was found in nasopharyngeal secretions and middle-ear fluid although the source and mechanism of release has not yet been identified. We suggest that the benefits of adenoidectomy in children with SOM may possibly come from removing a potential source of inflammatory mediators in the vicinity of the Eustachian tube.     

儿童分泌性中耳炎鼓膜置管后中耳功能的综合评价

目的:探讨儿童分泌性中耳炎(SOM)鼓膜置管后中耳功能综合评价的方法和临床意义。方法:选择31例(43耳)临床诊断为SOM的患儿,分别在鼓膜置管术前及术后1个月,进行纯音听阈测试、畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)、鼓室导抗图(记录外耳道容积,ECV)测试;术后1个月加咽鼓管功能正负压平衡测试,并在显微镜下观察置管情况。结果:置管后1个月,39耳置管通畅者ECV>2.0ml,听力比置管前明显提高;DPOAE引出率及部分频率幅值提高,与置管前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05);咽鼓管功能尚无完全正常。结论:应用ECV、纯音听阈测试、DPOAE以及咽鼓管功能测试对患儿鼓膜置管术后中耳功能的恢复情况进行综合评价,具有临床指导意义。     

Age change in the Eustachian tube three-dimensionally measured by multislice CT

We clarified the disease pathophysiology caused by Eustachian tube disfunction by examining the difference in each age of the Eustachian tube form. We measured the living human Eustachian tube using multislice CT (MSCT). Comparing without skew or contraction in case of cadaveric spesimens the length of each part of the Eustachian tube, the diameter, and the angle based on the image data obtained by MSCT for all age groups in our study, which involved 48 samples from adults and 31 from chidren (23 ears under 7 years old). We classified specimens from those less than 6 years old as the infant-youngchildren group, and from those 7 years or older as the schoolchildren-adult group. Mean total length, cartilage part length, and bony part length was, as expected, longer in schoolchildren-adult group than infant-youngchildren group, as was the pharyngeal orifice diameter. The mean angle between the bony part and cartilage part was more acute in schoolchildren-adult group, as was the cartilage part steepness. We proved a characteristic of three-dimensional anatomy of a child Eustachian tube in living human organism.     

Eustachian tube function varies over time in children with secretory otitis media

Impaired opening and closing functions of the Eustachian tube are considered to be pathogenic factors in secretory otitis media (SOM). As the clinical course of SOM is variable, the variability of tubal function is of interest. We aimed to explore the short- and long-term variability of tubal opening and closing functions in SOM. The study comprised 42 ears in 21 children (13 males and 8 females) with tympanostomy tubes due to SOM. The middle ear pressure was recorded during repeated passive forced openings, equalization of + 100 daPa and - 100 daPa by swallowing, Valsalva inflation and forceful sniffing. Test sessions were performed twice (separated by 30 min) on each of 2 days, with a mean interval of 3.7 months in between. In the forced opening test there was a considerable intra-individual variability over time. Expressed as SD of the mean, the variability of the forced opening and closing pressures in individual ears was on average 15% and 23%, respectively, between sessions and 20% and 30% respectively, between test days. In the equalization, Valsalva and sniff tests the rates of responses that changed from positive to negative between sessions and test days ranged from 12% to 33%. Female gender and retraction pockets were related to poorer opening function in the forced opening test. Ears with serous effusion (in contrast to mucoid) showed a similar trend and also a lower occurrence of positive equalization, Valsalva and sniff tests. It was concluded that Eustachian tube opening and closing functions are highly variable in ears with SOM. Consequently, single tubal function tests have low value when used as a prognostic tool in individual ears.     

儿童腺样体肥大与分泌性中耳炎病因的关系探讨

目的 探讨腺样体肥大与儿童分泌性中耳炎（SOM）病因的关系,提高对两者关联性疾病的认识。方法 回顾分析诊断有分泌性中耳炎、腺样体肥大、慢性扁桃体炎、小儿鼾症或阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的住院儿童742例的资料,进行统计分析。结果 742例中有173例SOM,SOM中伴腺样体肥大的有65例,而腺样体肥大(包括伴有SOM)有570例,腺样体肥大中发生SOM的机率为11.40%。结论 单纯腺样体肥大不是引起SOM的主要因素,儿童SOM是多种因素综合导致的结果。