静脉应用胺碘酮转复急性发作心房颤动的临床观察

目的:观察静脉应用胺碘酮转复患者急性发作快室率心房颤动的临床疗效和安全性。方法:22例器质性心脏病急性发作快室率心房颤动患者,先静脉注射胺碘酮负荷量3mg/kg,10～15min内注入,后以维持量1.0～1.5mg/min静脉泵入,如15～30min未转复,且室率仍快的患者追加一次胺碘酮1.5mg/kg,一旦转复窦性心律根据病人情况改用口服胺碘酮或停用。结果:患者负荷量内均未转复窦性心律,当累积量达210～450mg时19例(86.36％)患者转复窦性心律;达550～700mg时3例(13.63％)患者转复窦性心律,总有效率100％。无明显不良反应。结论:应用小于推荐剂量(5mg/kg)胺碘酮静脉注射并给予持续静脉泵入转复急性发作房颤是安全有效的。     

静脉应用胺碘酮转复急性发作心房颤动的临床观察

目的观察静脉应用胺碘酮转复患者急性发作快室率心房颤动的临床疗效和安全性.方法22例器质性心脏病急性发作快室率心房颤动患者,先静脉注射胺碘酮负荷量3mg/kg,10～15min内注入,后以维持量1.0～1.5mg/min静脉泵入,如15～30min未转复,且室率仍快的患者追加一次胺碘酮1.5mg/kg,一旦转复窦性心律根据病人情况改用口服胺碘酮或停用.结果患者负荷量内均未转复窦性心律,当累积量达210～450mg时19例(86.36%)患者转复窦性心律;达550～700mg时3例(13.63%)患者转复窦性心律,总有效率100%.无明显不良反应.结论应用小于推荐剂量(5mg/kg)胺碘酮静脉注射并给予持续静脉泵入转复急性发作房颤是安全有效的.     

静脉应用胺碘酮转复急性发作心房颤动的临床观察

目的 观察静脉胺碘酮转复22例器质性心脏病患急性发作快室率心房颤动的临床疗效和安全性。方法 先静脉注射胺碘酮负荷量3mg/kg,10－15min内注入,后以维持量1.0-1.5mg/min静脉泵入,15－30min未转变的且室率仍快的患追加一次胺磺酮1.5mg/kg,转复窦性心律后停用。结果 静脉负荷量内均未转复窦性心律,当累积量达210－450mg19例（86.36%）转复窦性心律,550－700mg3例（13.63%）转复窦性心律,总有效率100％。结论 应用小于推荐剂量（5mg/kg）胺碘酮静脉注射并给予持续静脉泵入转复急性发作房颤是安全有效的。     

静脉胺碘酮治疗冠状动脉旁路移植术后心房颤动伴快速心室率的疗效和安全性

观察静脉胺碘酮对冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后心房颤动(AF)伴快速心室率的疗效及安全性。回顾我院CABG术后3日内发生AF伴快速心室率患者159例,AF发作时心室率147.75次±41.02次/分;30～60min内静脉注射负荷量胺碘酮300mg,转复窦性心律或心室率<120次/分后给予胺碘酮0.5～1mg/min持续静脉泵入;心室率仍>120次/分再追加负荷量150～300mg,30～60min内静脉注入。结果:胺碘酮负荷量300～450mg转复窦性心律119例,占75%,仍为AF但心室率<120次/分18例,占11%;负荷量600mg仍为AF且心率>120次/分8例,占5%,出现一过性窦性心动过缓伴窦性停搏2例,占2%。结论:静脉胺碘酮治疗CABG术后AF伴快速心室率安全,有效,副作用少。     

短期静脉应用胺碘酮治疗老年心房颤动的疗效分析

目的：观察短期静脉应用胺碘酮转复老年心房颤动的效果及安全性。方法：42例新发的老年房颤患者，静脉给予负荷量胺碘酮（150～300mg），并以1．0～0．5mg／min静脉维持，观察24h的转复效果及不良反应。结果：33例患者转复窦性心律（82．1％），其中1h内复律3例，1～8h内13例，8～24h内17例，复律后的心率、收缩压和舒张压均显著下降，未复律者的心室率也明显减慢（P〈0．01）。共出现3例窦性心动过缓，1例频发房性早搏，1例一过性低血压，1例静脉炎。结论：静脉应用胺碘酮转复老年新发房颤的短期成功率较高并且相对安全。     

胺碘酮联合美托洛尔治疗慢性心房颤动

目的观察胺碘酮与美托洛尔联用治疗心房颤动的临床效果。方法回顾性分析胺碘酮联合美托洛尔治疗慢性心房颤动58侧患者的临床资料,对治疗效果和安全性进行评价。结果胺碘酮联合美托洛尔治疗慢性心房颤动58例,转复并维持窦性心律23例,维持理想心室率29例,随访观察18个月无严重不良反应。结论胺碘酮联合美托洛尔治疗慢性心房颤动,能够有效转复并维持窦性心律,对不能转复窦性心律者,能较好地控制心室率。合理选择适应证及定期监测,长期用药是安全有效的。     

静脉用胺碘酮治疗心力衰竭并发阵发性心房颤动52例疗效观察

目的观察静脉用胺碘酮治疗心力衰竭并发阵发性心房颤动（房颤）的疗效。方法选择52例心力衰竭并发阵发性快速型房颤患者,静脉注射胺碘酮150-300 mg的负荷量后,以0.5-1 mg/min持续静滴24 h。观察转复率、转复时间、心室率、心功能及临床症状改善情况和不良反应。结果静脉应用胺碘酮24 h以内有42例（80.8%）转复为窦性心律,转复时间为（9.6±1.3）h,心室率均降至100次/min以内,心功能平均提高（1.3±0.2）级,患者自觉症状明显好转,呼吸困难减轻,肺部罗音减少,治疗后无明显不良反应。结论静脉用胺碘酮对心力衰竭并发阵发性快速型房颤具有较好的疗效和安全性,但须加强监护。     

胺碘酮转复心房颤动39例临床观察

目的观察重叠应用静脉及口服胺碘酮治疗并发于器质性心脏病的心房颤动的临床疗效及安全性。方法39例心房颤动患者先给予静脉负荷量胺碘酮(150～300mg)后,继之以0.6mg/min静脉点滴维持48h;同时口服胺碘酮治疗,2周内给胺碘酮负荷量7g,然后维持量0.2g/d。观察临床疗效及不良反应。结果32例(82.1%)患者成功转复为窦性心律,于2h、2～24h、24～48h、2～7d转复率分别为12.8%、28.2%、23.1%、18.0%。未转复组患者左房径大于转复组(P<0.05),而射血分数明显低于转复组(P<0.05),这可能是7例患者未转复的原因。2例患者用药后出现窦性心动过缓,1例出现恶心、腹胀,经减药后恢复。结论静脉及口服胺碘酮治疗并发于器质性心脏病的心房颤动是有效且较安全的方法。     

静脉应用胺碘酮治疗冠心病合并心房颤动伴快速心室反应和频发室性早搏

目的：评价经静脉应用胺碘酮治疗合并心房颤动伴快速心室反应和频发室性早搏的冠心病患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法：232例符合人选条件的冠心病患者，首剂静脉注射150mg胺碘酮负荷量，10min注入。随后以1．0mg／min静脉滴注维持6h，以后根据病情逐渐减量至0．5mg／min。对于心室率控制不满意者，间隔15～30min后，再次给予胺碘酮150mg的追加负荷量2～3次，24h总剂量在2000mg以内。用药期间，持续性心电图、血压及血氧饱和度监测，并判定疗效及副反应。心室率降至100次／min以下，或较用药前下降〉20％，或心律转复为窦性心律为有效；心室率仍〉100次／min或较用药前下降〈20％为无效。结果：232例患者总有效率为90．5％，副反应发生率为4．3％。结论：经静脉应用胺碘酮治疗合并心房颤动伴快速心室反应和频发室性早搏的冠心病患者是安全、有效的。     

静脉注射胺碘酮转复器质性心脏病并阵发性房颤的疗效观察

目的对比胺碘酮和普罗帕酮(心律平)转复器质性心脏病并阵发性心房颤动的疗效.方法将阵发性房颤发作1 h～ 72 h病人8例, 随机分为胺碘酮组40例和心律平组41例,心律平组静脉注射心律平70 mg;胺碘酮组静脉注射胺碘酮150 mg后改为静脉输注150 mg～450 mg,观察其复律情况及药物副反应.结果心律平组阵发性房颤41例,复律成功28例.胺碘酮组阵发性房颤40例,复律成功31例.两组未复律者心室率均有明显控制, 胺碘酮组副反应发生例数少于心律平组.结论静脉应用胺碘酮治疗并发器质性心脏病的快速房颤是有效且较安全的方法.     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.