鹅去氧胆酸衍生物对HepG2裸鼠肝癌移植瘤的影响

目的探讨鹅去氧胆酸衍生物对HepG2裸鼠肝癌移植瘤的影响。方法将HepG2细胞注射于SPF级BALB/c裸鼠,形成移植瘤后将瘤体接种于裸鼠,接种成功的小鼠随机分为三组(A组、B组与C组),每组6只裸鼠。A组给予生理盐水腹腔注射,B组给予鹅去氧胆酸衍生物按20 mg/(kg·d)进行腹腔注射,C组给予鹅去氧胆酸衍生物按60 mg/(kg·d)的进行腹腔注射。计算三组的抑瘤率,对肝脏组织进行病理分析与肝癌衍生生长因子(HDGF)表达分析。结果所有裸鼠均接种与造模成功。B组、C组的抑瘤率分别为(38.45±2.15)%和(49.28±3.19)%,C组显著高于B组(P 0.05)。A组肝细胞排列紊乱,肿瘤细胞异型性明显,肝小叶组织正常结构消失,假小叶形成; B组与C组的肝脏病理显著改善(P 0.05),癌症细胞巢形成和细胞坏死显著减少(P 0.05)。三组肝脏组织的HDGF mRNA与蛋白表达水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05),B组与C组均显著低于A组(P 0.05)。结论鹅去氧胆酸衍生物可呈剂量依赖性地在HepG2裸鼠肝癌移植瘤中有效发挥抑瘤作用,改善肝脏病理状况,其作用机制可能与抑制HDGF基因与蛋白表达有关。     

survivin基因RNA干涉对宫颈癌裸鼠移植瘤生长及凋亡和顺铂化疗敏感性的影响

目的观察survivin基因RNAi对宫颈癌裸鼠移植瘤生长、凋亡和化疗敏感性的影响。方法随机选择雌性BALB/C-nu/nu裸小鼠24只,细胞接种法建立4组人宫颈癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,每天观察裸鼠一般状况及肿瘤生长情况,通过绘制肿瘤生长曲线并计算肿瘤生长抑制率,观察survivin基因RNAi对人宫颈癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤生长的影响;通过免疫组化SP法检测各组移植瘤组织中survivin蛋白表达情况,TUNEL染色观察survivin基因RNAi对人宫颈癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤凋亡的影响;当肿瘤体积达0.2cm3时给予顺铂化疗以观察survivin基因RNAi对人宫颈癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤化疗敏感性的影响。结果成功建立4组人宫颈癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,接种HeLa-s2组裸鼠肿瘤体积在每个检测点均明显小于接种HeLa组;观察结束时,接种HeLa-s2组裸鼠瘤重明显小于接种HeLa组,分别为：（0.369±0.043）g和（1.150±0.136）g（P〈0.05）;接种HeLa-s2组裸鼠肿瘤生长抑制率为67.9%。免疫组化结果显示：接种HeLa-s2组裸鼠survivin蛋白表达显著下降;TUNEL染色结果显示：接种HeLa-s2组裸鼠细胞凋亡明显增多,凋亡指数（AI）值达（22.73±1.37）%。顺铂化疗后不同检测点接种HeLa-s2组裸鼠肿瘤体积明显小于接种HeLa组,肿瘤生长明显受抑;观察结束后,接种HeLa-s2组裸鼠瘤重明显小于接种HeLa组,分别为：（0.323±0.058）g和（1.347±0.173）g（P〈0.05）;接种HeLa-s2组裸鼠肿瘤细胞凋亡明显增多,与接种HeLa组AI比较,接种HeLa-S2组AI明显升高,分别为：（37.38±1.01）%和（5.19±0.61）%（P〈0.05）。结论 survivin基因RNAi可通过下调移植瘤组织survivin蛋白表达抑制移植瘤生长并促进其凋亡,并通过增加顺铂化疗诱导的细胞凋亡,增强顺铂化疗对移植瘤的生长抑制,进而提高移植瘤对顺铂化疗的敏感性。     

反义miR-21对荷人宫颈鳞癌裸鼠移植瘤生长和凋亡的影响

目的 构建荷人宫颈鳞癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,探讨干扰miR-21 表达对移植瘤生长、凋亡的影 响.方法 将人工合成的反义寡核苷酸ASODN(AS-miR-21)转染SiHa 细胞(抑制组),同时设阴性对照组和 空白对照组,对数生长期的SiHa 细胞分别接种于裸鼠皮下,绘制肿瘤生长曲线并计算肿瘤生长率.当肿瘤 体积达0.2 cm3 时采用AS-miR-21 多点瘤周注射,观察其对移植瘤的影响.应用免疫组化技术、荧光TUNEL 检测移植瘤细胞增殖活性和凋亡情况.结果 (1)成功构建人宫颈鳞癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,抑制组、阴性 对照组及空白对照组成瘤率分别为37.5%、75.0%、100.0%,瘤体平均体积为(732.80 ±56.32 ) mm3 、(1228.46 ±78.53)mm3 、(1301.26 ±80.63)mm3,平均生长率为18.32%、30.71%和32.53%,瘤重为(0.73 ± 0.05)g、(1.26 ±0.12)g 和(1.35 ±0.25)g,抑制组与阴性、空白对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05); (2)免疫组化显示抑制组裸鼠瘤体Ki67 表达显著下降;荧光TUNEL 凋亡检测显示抑制组裸鼠肿瘤细胞凋亡 率明显增多;(3)注射治疗剂量AS-miR-21 两周后观察肿瘤组织局部坏死严重,胞核裂解、消失,凋亡明显增 加.结论 AS-miR-21 可下调裸鼠人宫颈鳞癌移植瘤中miR-21 的表达,抑制移植瘤生长和促进其凋亡.     

抑制Smac基因表达对胰腺癌裸鼠移植瘤生长影响的研究

[目的]探讨Smac基因对人胰腺癌裸鼠移植瘤生长的抑制作用.[方法]于裸鼠腋下接种200 μL 107/mL的PANC-1细胞悬液,建立人胰腺癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,将其分为三组：注射PBS液（A组）、转染空载体（B组）、转染Smac基因（C组）,比较三组移植瘤的大小、移植瘤细胞的凋亡率,移植瘤中Smac蛋白表达和微血管密度（MVD）.[结果]与A、B组比较,C组裸鼠移植瘤体积、质量和MVD显著减小;移植瘤细胞的凋亡指数和Smac蛋白的表达率均明显增高,其差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.[结论]脂质体转染Smac基因能抑制人胰腺癌裸鼠移植瘤的生长,可能与该基因诱导胰腺癌细胞凋亡和抑制肿瘤血管形成有关.     

替勃龙对去势裸鼠子宫内膜癌移植瘤的影响

目的 通过裸鼠子宫内膜癌移植瘤模型的体内实验,探讨替勃龙应用于子宫内膜癌患者的安全性.方法 (1)体外培养人子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞株;建立去势裸鼠子官内膜癌Ishikawa细胞株皮下移植瘸动物实验模型;(2)将成瘤裸鼠随机分为替勃龙组(15只)和对照组(15只),分别予以替勃龙0.375mg·kg-1·d-1和对照治疗35 d;(3)比较给药前后两组肿瘤体积变化、肿瘤重量和肿瘤转移状况(体表、盆腹腔淋巴结、腹水);应用免疫组化SP法测定两组实验动物皮下移植瘤Ki67、P53、P27、bcl-2蛋白表达情况,判断替勃龙对移植瘤的影响和对内膜癌细胞增殖及凋亡的影响.结果 (1)替勃龙组和对照组裸鼠两组子宫内膜癌皮下移植瘤体积变化无统计学差异[ (2.063±1.038) cm3饥 vs.(2.170±0.822) cm3,P=0.791];肿瘤重量无统计学差异[(0.699±2.02)gvs.(0.807±2.83)g,P =0.314];替勃龙治疗35 d后,没有引起子宫内膜癌肿瘤体表、盆腹腔转移和腹水发生;(2)替勃龙组和对照组两组裸鼠人子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞株皮下移植瘤Ki67增殖指数、P53、P27、bcl-2蛋白表达情况均无统计学差异.结论 替勃龙不刺激裸鼠子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞株皮下移植瘤生长、转移和细胞增殖、凋亡.替勃龙应用于子宫内膜癌患者的术后激素补充治疗可具有一定的安全性.     

丁酸钠对食管癌细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长及NDRG1表达的影响

目的 观察丁酸钠对食管癌EC 9706细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长及NDRG1蛋白表达的影响.方法 构建食管癌细胞裸鼠移植瘤模型,采用丁酸钠溶液按1 g/(kg·d)于肿瘤周围皮下注射,观察移植瘤生长情况;采用免疫组化染色检测裸鼠移植瘤NDRG1蛋白表达情况.对照组同等条件下注射生理盐水.结果 丁酸钠可抑制裸鼠移植瘤生长,其抑瘤率为35.3%,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);丁酸钠治疗组裸鼠移植瘤NDRG1蛋白表达较对照组显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 丁酸钠可能通过上调NDRG1蛋白的表达而抑制食管癌EC 9706细胞裸鼠移植瘤增殖.     

槐耳清膏能抑制裸鼠肺癌细胞的增殖活性

目的:探讨槐耳清膏对裸鼠异种肺癌移植瘤模型的抑瘤作用。方法:构建裸鼠异种肺癌移植瘤模型,给予该模型鼠槐耳清膏处理。将裸鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,分别给予槐耳清膏(剂量分别为1、3、5、7 g/kg)、0.9%NaCl溶液各0.2 mL灌胃,每3 d给药1次,持续给药3周。观察裸鼠肿瘤体积的变化及裸鼠体质量变化,比较瘤体质量,显微镜观察移植瘤组织病理变化和Ki-67阳性细胞比率。结果:裸鼠接种肺癌细胞14 d后,接种部位均出现肿瘤生长。槐耳清膏1、3、5、7 g/kg剂量组抑瘤率分别为(1.73±12.99)%、(6.68±11.34)%、(46.24±9.17)%、(35.05±12.15)%。与对照组相比,槐耳清膏5 g/kg(P=0.0044)和7 g/kg(P=0.0215)剂量组抑瘤率显著升高。槐耳清膏5 g/kg体质量组瘤重较对照组有降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义。Ki-67免疫组化染色显示,与对照组相比,槐耳清膏3、5、7 g/kg剂量组肿瘤细胞增殖率显著下降,其中7 g/kg组Ki-67阳性率最低(24.8%,P0.001)。结论:槐耳清膏能抑制裸鼠体内肺癌细胞的增殖活性,从而抑制肿瘤生长。     

苦参碱联合顺铂对人肝癌细胞株HepG2裸鼠移植瘤模型瘤体生长及caspase-3和Survivin表达的影响

目的分析苦参碱联合顺铂对人肝癌细胞株Hep G2裸鼠移植瘤模型瘤体生长及半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)和存活素(Survivin)表达的影响。方法于BALB/c裸鼠腋部皮下注入人肝癌细胞株Hep G2以此构建移植瘤模型。在成瘤后,将28只裸鼠随机分为对照组(等量生理盐水)、顺铂组(顺铂2 mg/kg)、苦参碱组(苦参碱100 mg/kg)、联用组(苦参碱100 mg/kg+顺铂2 mg/kg)各7只,各组均通过腹腔注射给药。观察各组瘤体生长状况,对各组抑瘤率进行计算。通过免疫组化法对各组瘤组织中caspase-3、Survivin表达水平进行检测,计算和比较各组阳性细胞率。结果联用组裸鼠抑瘤率为80. 00%,较顺铂组(64. 00%)、苦参碱组(36. 00%)明显升高(P 0. 05)。联用组裸鼠caspase-3阳性细胞率为(77. 89±7. 35)%,较对照组(19. 89±4. 14)%、顺铂组(64. 86±9. 34)%、苦参碱组(36. 97±9. 35)%均显著上升(P 0. 05)。联用组裸鼠Survivin阳性细胞率为(20. 04±4. 37)%,较对照组(84. 85±14. 75)%、顺铂组(39. 05±7. 69)%、苦参碱组(64. 06±9. 14)%均显著降低(P 0. 05)。结论单用顺铂或苦参碱对人肝癌细胞株Hep G2裸鼠移植瘤均具有一定的抑瘤作用,但二者联用的抑瘤作用更为明显。其作用机制可能与苦参碱联合顺铂处理可对caspase-3、Survivin表达水平造成影响,进而促使肿瘤细胞凋亡存在密切关系。     

咪达唑仑对人肺癌A549细胞裸鼠移植瘤的抑制效应及机制

目的探讨咪达唑仑对人肺癌A549细胞裸鼠移植瘤的抑制效应及机制。方法建立人肺癌A549细胞裸鼠移植瘤模型,共建模成功12只,分为咪达唑仑组与对照组各6只。咪达唑仑组腹腔注射咪达唑仑0. 8 mg/kg,1次/d;对照组给予生理盐水注射。20 d后观察2组荷瘤裸鼠体质量和皮下移植瘤体积变化。处死裸鼠,运用苏木精-伊红染色法(HE)观察咪达唑仑对肺癌移植瘤细胞形态的作用效应;依据细胞凋亡检测法(TUNEL)检测移植瘤中细胞凋亡情况;采用免疫组织化学染色法(IHC)观察移植瘤组织细胞中核蛋白质Ki-67的改变,采用蛋白质印迹法(Western-blot)观察移植瘤组织中信号传导转录激活因子3(STAT3)的改变。结果与对照组相比,咪达唑仑组移植瘤质量、肿瘤体积均显著较小(P 0. 05或P 0. 01); HE染色显示咪达唑仑组移植瘤组织发生大面积坏死; TUNEL法显示咪达唑仑组细胞凋亡数显著高于对照组,IHC染色表明咪达唑仑干预后显著下调移植瘤组织中核蛋白质Ki-67蛋白的表达,咪达唑仑组STAT3蛋白表达显著下调(P 0. 05)。结论咪达唑仑可能是通过调控STAT3的表达显著抑制A549移植瘤组织的生长,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。     

Survivin-siRNA对裸鼠视网膜母细胞瘤移植瘤的抑制研究

目的构建Survivin-siRNA真核重组质粒,转染裸鼠视网膜母细胞瘤玻璃体腔移植瘤中,探讨其对肿瘤组织中Survivin表达的抑制作用及诱导凋亡情况。方法构建针对Survivin mRNA特异的靶序列的Survivin-siRNA以及对照Scramble-siRNA。将Y79细胞种植至21只裸鼠玻璃体腔内,9d后随机平均分为mock对照组(注射K-PBS);Scramble对照组(注射带有非同源的Scramble-siRNA重组质粒);Survivin实验组(注射特异性Survivin-siRNA重组质粒)。10d后摘除肿瘤组织,利用半定量RT-PCR检测肿瘤组织Survivin mRNA;采用Western blot方法分析Survivin蛋白;HE染色、Survivin及Ki67免疫组化染色;TUNEL法检测肿瘤组织凋亡。结果真核重组质粒及视网膜母细胞瘤裸鼠玻璃体腔移植瘤模型均构建成功。半定量RT-PCR显示Survivin-siRNA在mRNA水平上抑制了Survivin基因转录(P0.01),Scramble组与mock组无差别(P0.05)。Western blot显示与mock组和Scramble组相比,实验组细胞的Survivin蛋白表达显著降低(P0.01)。HE染色普通光镜下观察,实验组与两对照组相比,在瘤组织内可见到较多死亡细胞;实验组移植瘤组织中Survivin蛋白表达与mock组和scramble组相比明显下降;实验组Ki67的表达较对照组下降明显,增殖指数明显下降(P0.01)。TUNEL法显示实验组肿瘤组织内可见大量细胞核染为棕黄色的凋亡细胞,对照组可见少许凋亡细胞,实验组凋亡指数明显高于对照组(P0.01)。结论成功构建的Survivin-siRNA重组质粒可以抑制裸鼠视网膜母细胞瘤移植瘤中Survivin基因转录和蛋白表达,诱导了肿瘤细胞凋亡。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.