双髋与单髋置换术后患者健康相关生存质量对照研究

目的 评价双侧与单侧全髋关节置换术后病人的健康相关生存质量差异以及两种评价体系的特点.方法 对2004年1月～2008年1月26例双髋(双髋组)和26例单髋(单髋组)接受全髋关节置换术的病人,进行6个月的前瞻性研究.术前、术后6个月对两组病人进行Harris髋关节评分和SF-36简明健康状况调查量表评分,并分析Harris髋关节评分和SF-36各项评分之间的相关性和两组病人间的差异.结果 两组病人术后6个月的Harris髋关节评分和SF-36各项评分均较术前有统计学意义上的差异(P＜0.001),但两组病人SF-36各项评分的改善程度并不一致,且单髋组改善较双髋组明显.Harris髋关节评分和SF-36生理功能(PF)和躯体疼痛(BP)项评分有相关性(r＞0.4,P ＜0.001),但与SF-36其他方面评分无明显相关性(r＜0.4),或无相关性(P＞0.05).结论 单髋组术后健康相关生存质量较双髋组改善好;Harris髋关节评分更注重于评估全髋关节置换术病人的生理功能和缓解疼痛的改善,而SF-36评分较能全面的评价全髋关节置换术对病人健康相关生存质量和其它方面的改善.因此,两种评分体系结合更能全面评价双侧与单侧全髋关节置换术后病人的健康相关生存质量的差异.     

Health-related quality of life in patients with diabetic foot problems in Malaysia

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of foot problems on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with diabetes in Malaysia. Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire was used to assess the HRQoL of 140 diabetic patients with foot problems attending outpatient diabetic foot clinic in a tertiary hospital, University Malaya Medical Centre. Their HRQoL were compared with 134 diabetic patients without foot problems attending the same clinic. The median score of all the eight SF-36 domains differed significantly between the two groups, where patients with foot problems having statistically significant lower scores. The two domains that were most severely compromised were components of the physical health: Physical Functioning and Role Physical domains. The SF-36 scale scores in diabetic patients with foot problems were also lower than those of the SF-36 norms for the Malaysian population. In conclusion, the results showed that diabetic foot problems negatively affect the patients' HRQoL in both physical and mental health aspects based on the SF-36.     

Outcomes after hip or knee replacement surgery for osteoarthritis. A prospective cohort study comparing patients' quality of life before and after surgery with age-related population norms.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the health-related quality of life of people with osteoarthritis before and after primary total hip and knee replacement surgery with that of the general Australian population. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. SETTING: Three Sydney hospitals, public and private. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with osteoarthritis undergoing primary total hip (n = 59) and knee (n = 92) joint replacement surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36) scores before and 12 months after joint replacement surgery (compared with population norms). RESULTS: Patients in each age group showed a significant improvement in health-related quality of life after joint replacement surgery in most scales of the SF-36, particularly physical function, role physical and bodily pain. SF-36 scores for the 42 hip-replacement patients aged 55-74 years improved to equal or exceed the population norm on all scales. SF-36 scores of the 52 knee replacement patients aged 55-74 years improved, but physical function and bodily pain scores remained significantly worse than the population norm. SF-36 scores for both hip (n = 17) and knee (n = 40) replacement patients aged 75 years and over improved significantly, becoming similar to population norms for this age group. CONCLUSIONS: Total hip or knee replacement for osteoarthritis significantly improves patient health and well-being at 12 months after surgery. Age alone should not be a barrier to surgery.     

神经性厌食症患者生命质量的初步研究

目的 探讨神经性厌食症患者的生命质量.方法 使用SF-36健康评定量表对49名神经性厌食症患者的健康相关生命质量进行测评.结果 AN组SF-36量表分值与正常人群相比,在生理职能(RP)、总体健康(GH)、社会功能(SF)、情感职能(RE)和精神健康(MH)维度分数[(44.4±36.2)分,(53.3±16.3)分,(56.6±24.1)分,(45.6±38.9)分,(47.5±21.4)分]均低于普通人群,而且均差异有显著性(P<0.01).长病程组患者SF-36量表各维度平均分数均低于短病程患者,且在生理功能(PF)[(85.5±13.4)分,(93.2±6.6)分]、躯体疼痛(BP)[(74.0±20.3)分,(87.2±14.7)分]、总体健康(GH)[(45.8±14.7)分,(57.5±15.7)分]及总分[(93.5±14.4)分,(104.5±13.6)分]差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论 神经性厌食症患者的生命质量较正常人群差,病程越长,生命质量越低.     

强迫症患者的生命质量初步研究

目的　探讨强迫症患者的生命质量及其影响因素。方法　采用SF 36健康评定量表对 6 3名强迫症患者的健康相关生命质量进行测评 ,同时评定HAMD、HAMA、Y BOCS量表。结果　强迫症患者总体健康评分低于正常人群 ,男女之间无差异 ,随年龄增大 ,各维度分数降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。各维度得分除生理功能外 ,其余均低于中国常模 (P <0 .0 5或 P <0 .0 1)。对总体健康得分贡献大的因素分别为HAMD、YB SW、HAMA得分 (P <0 .0 1、P <0 .0 1和P <0 .0 5 )。结论　强迫症患者的生命质量较正常人群差 ,尤其是强迫思维及伴发的抑郁、焦虑情绪对患者的生命质量、家庭社会功能有极大的影响。     

经皮椎板间内镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床疗效观察

目的 评价和总结经皮椎板间入路使用椎间孔镜(percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy,PTED)治疗特定性腰椎间盘突出症的症状改善及安全性指标,从而为特定性椎间盘突出症患者寻找合理的治疗方法。 方法 回顾性分析于2012～2014年在骨科诊断为腰椎间盘突出症并给予经皮椎板间入路使用椎间孔镜治疗的患者共计51例。使用电话、电子邮件、门诊随访等方式对患者的术中及术后各因素进行详实准确的随访,在患者的VAS疼痛改善、腰椎功能及生存质量提高等方面进行综合的评估和总结。对所有患者均进行至少6个月标准化的术后随访,并在术后及术后6个月就观察指标进行观察。 结果 所有患者在术后及术后6个月疼痛情况较前均有明显改善,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。患者的Lehmann腰椎功能评分和SF-36生存质量评分均较术前亦有明显改善,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。在手术疗效方面,所有患者术后6个月时对其MacNab疗效进行评估,其优良率为92.1%。 结论 对于符合手术适应证的腰椎间盘突出患者,使用经皮椎板间入路椎间孔镜治疗相对安全,可实现微创治疗,并收到良好的治疗效果,患者的疼痛、功能和生活质量较术前均有明显的改善,在临床工作中可以进一步的使用和推广。      

减重手术与多种健康相关结局：一项伞状评价

背景　减重手术的数量在世界范围内迅速增加。减重手术对于促进肥胖患者的体质量减少具有显著效果，且有助于改善糖尿病、高血压等疾病情况。但是减重手术也可能增加自杀等不良事件风险。因此需要全面、系统的研究来评估减重手术对多种健康相关结局的影响。目的　确定减重手术除减轻体质量外，对各种健康相关结局的影响。方法　计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、EMBase、The Cochrane Library数据库，筛选有关减重手术和健康相关结局之间关联的系统回顾性研究或荟萃分析，检索时间为建库到2020-09-20，每项研究均由两名研究者独立根据纳入和排除标准进行评估，通过AMSTAR对纳入研究的方法学质量进行评估。结果　共纳入25篇荟萃分析，通过AMSTAR对纳入研究的方法学质量进行评估，包括11个评分项目，AMSTAR评分中位数为10（7，11）分。从25项荟萃分析中提取54项结局指标进行分析，发现减重手术与多种癌症的风险、癌症死亡率、全因死亡率和心血管死亡率的降低相关。此外，减重手术对健康质量和多种慢性疾病有改善作用，特别是2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、尿失禁、非酒精性脂肪性肝病。一些功能性指标，包括性功能、肺功能、肾功能和体能活动在减重手术后均得到改善。然而，减重手术也增加了自杀、自残、情绪化进食和围生期不良事件的风险。结论　大多数与健康相关的结局指标在减重手术后得到改善，同时，也应注意减重手术可能会增加不良精神问题和围生期不良事件的风险。由于本研究纳入的某些系统评价与荟萃分析的方法学质量以及部分健康相关结局指标的证据质量较低，未来仍需更多高质量的临床研究与系统评价进行验证。     

不同治疗方式甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者生活质量的比较

目的 比较不同治疗方式下甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)患者生活质量的差异。方法 以2019年10月至12月在中国人民解放军总医院第一医学中心超声诊断科接受随访的149例PTMC治疗后患者为研究对象,根据手术方式将其分为超声引导下射频消融治疗(RFA)组(n=80)、甲状腺腺叶切除(HT)组(n=34)及甲状腺全切除(TT)组(n=35)。所有患者均完成以下3个量表:36条目简明健康量表(SF-36)、甲状腺癌特异性健康相关生活质量量表(THYCA-QoL)及恐惧疾病进展简化量表(FoP-Q-SF),采用多重线性回归分析调整混杂因素,比较3种治疗方式下患者生活质量评分的差异。结果 SF-36量表中,RFA组及HT组患者的躯体健康(PCS)(P=0.006,P=0.033)及生理职能(RP)(P=0.003,P=0.001)均显著高于TT组,但RFA组与HT组之间在PCS(P=1.000)及RP(P=1.000)方面差异无统计学意义;RFA组患者精神健康(MCS)评分明显高于TT组患者(P=0.034)。THYCA-QoL量表中,TT组患者的瘢痕问题评分显著高于HT组(P=0.003)及RFA组(P<0.001),RFA组患者体质量增加的抱怨显著低于HT组(P=0.028)及TT组(P<0.001)。FoP-Q-SF量表中,3组患者对疾病进展担忧的评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 与传统开放手术相比,超声引导下RFA在提高患者生活质量方面具有独特优势,可作为PTMC开放手术治疗的替代选择。     

改进护理对高龄糖尿病足患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨改进护理在负压封闭引流技术治疗高龄糖尿病足后对患者生活质量的影响。方法对先后收治的30例高龄糖尿病足患者进行了常规护理和改进后的强化护理。通过对前期护理工作的总结和改进,改进护理组在糖尿病足常规护理治疗的基础上,进行强化护理干预,并分别对改进前后的工作进行了患者生活质量评估及护理满意度调查。结果改进护理组在身体疼痛、情感功能和一般健康三个方面的分值与对照组相比均明显升高（P〈0．05）,而在躯体功能和社会功能方面比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论改进护理对高龄糖尿病足患者术后生活质量的提高具有较好的效果及较高的应用推广价值。     

强化心理护理在糖尿病足治疗中的应用效果分析

目的探讨强化心理护理在不同病程糖尿病足治疗中的作用以及其应用价值。方法回顾性分析该院2010-2013年收治的60例实施强化心理护理的糖尿病足患者为强化护理组,选取2008-2010年实施常规护理的60例患者设为对照组,对比对照组和强化组疗效及SAS评分,进行统计分析。结果临床症状均呈现不同程度改善,强化护理组总有效率明显的高于对照组总有效率,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。二组患者在护理干预后的SAS评分均明显降低,但是强化护理组改善效果明显的优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论强化心理护理在糖尿病足治疗中具有较高的应用价值,能够促进糖尿病足的及早恢复,显著提高患者的生活质量,值得在临床上进行推广。     

Computer Assisted Outcomes Research in Orthopedics: Total Joint Replacement

Long-term studies are needed to determine clinically relevant outcomes within the practice of orthopedic surgery. Historically, the patient's subjective feelings of quality of life have been largely ignored. However, there has been a strong movement toward measuring perceived quality of life through such instruments as the SF-36. In a large database from an orthopedic practice results are presented. First, computerized data entry using touch screen technology is not only cost effective but user friendly. Second, patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty surgeries make statistically significant improvements in seven of the eight domains of the SF-36 in the first 3 months after surgery. Additional statistically significant improvements over the next 6 to 12 months are also seen. The data are presented here in detail to demonstrate the benefits of a patient outcomes program, to enhance the understanding and use of outcomes data and to encourage further work in outcomes measurement in orthopedics.     

Randomised controlled trial of health assessments for older Australian veterans and war widows

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of home-based health assessments for older Australians on health-related quality of life, hospital and nursing home admissions, and death. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial of the effect of health assessments over 3 years. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: 1569 community-living veterans and war widows receiving full benefits from the Department of Veterans' Affairs and aged 70 years or over were randomly selected in 1997 from 10 regions of New South Wales and Queensland and randomly allocated to receive either usual care (n = 627) or health assessments (n = 942). INTERVENTION: Annual or 6-monthly home-based health assessments by health professionals, with telephone follow-up, and written report to a nominated general practitioner. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences in health-related quality of life, admission to hospital and nursing home, and death over 3 years of follow-up. RESULTS: 3-year follow-up interviews were conducted for 1031 participants. Intervention-group participants who remained in the study reported higher quality of life than control-group participants (difference in Physical Component Summary score, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.05-1.76; difference in Mental Component Summary score, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.40-2.32). There was no significant difference in the probability of hospital admission or death between intervention and control groups over the study period. Significantly more participants in the intervention group were admitted to nursing homes compared with the control group (30 v 7; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Health assessments for older people may have small positive effects on quality of life for those who remain resident in the community, but do not prevent deaths. Assessments may increase the probability of nursing-home placement.     

某市临床护士健康相关生命质量及其与应激源关系的探讨

目的调查某市临床护士健康相关生命质量及其与应激源的关系。方法对某市500名临床护士应用一般情况调查表、护士工作压力源量表、家庭功能量表、社会支持量表及生命质量评价量表进行问卷调查,并对结果进行分析。结果护士生命质量的各个维度得分均低于常模分值,8个维度均与应激源有明显的相关性。通过回归分析可见人际沟通应激源中护士与护士关系压力,社会心理应激源中学习与晋升压力对护士生命质量的影响具有统计学意义。日常生活和工作中的应激源、家庭功能及社会支持均可影响护士生命质量得分。结论通过改善劳动条件、家庭支持功能及增加社会支持行动,可以改善其临床护士的健康相关生命质量。     

临床痊愈的抑郁症患者生命质量及影响因素的研究

目的 探讨临床痊愈的抑郁症患者的生命质量,并分析其影响因素.方法 筛选150例中国汉族抑郁症患者为研究对象,收集一般人口学资料,汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定临床症状严重程度,采用简明健康状况调查问卷(sF-36)和社会支持量表(SSS)评定生命质量及社会支持度.经治疗后定期随访,124例抑郁症患者HAMA、HAMD分值均小于7分,并达到临床痊愈,再次评定SF-36,采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)测量其神经质(N)、内外倾性(E)、精神质(P)3个维度.对照组为中国普通人群的生命质量常模.结果 ①临床痊愈的患者生命质量中除生理功能维度(PF)外[(89.23±14.09)分,(87.23±16.81)分,t=1.044,P>0.05],其余7个维度生理职能(RP)、躯体疼痛(BP)、一般健康状况(GH)、精力(VT)、社会功能(SF)、情感职能(RE)、精神健康(MH)均比治疗前明显改善,差异具有显著性(P<0.01).与对照组生命质量比较,除PF外[(89.23±14.09)分,(89.01±15.73)分.t=1.266.P>0.05],其他7个维度均低于对照组,差异具有显著性(P<0.01或P<0.05).②生命质量影响因素采用多元逐步回归分析:神经质型、内外倾性人格、病期焦虑症状严重程度、经济状况、抑郁反复发作以及对支持的利用度对生命质量中的PF、RP、BP、GH、VT、SF、RE、MH7个维度均有影响(P<0.05).结论 ①抑郁症患者经治疗后,生命质量明显改善,但仍低于一般人群.②临床痊愈后抑郁症患者的人格特征、病期焦虑症状严重程度、经济状况、抑郁反复发作、社会支持均影响其生理心理及社会功能.     

Health-related quality of life of severely obese children and adolescents

CONTEXT: One in 7 US children and adolescents is obese, yet little is known about their health-related quality of life (QOL). OBJECTIVE: To examine the health-related QOL of obese children and adolescents compared with children and adolescents who are healthy or those diagnosed as having cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional study of 106 children and adolescents (57 males) between the ages of 5 and 18 years (mean [SD], 12.1 [3] years), who had been referred to an academic children's hospital for evaluation of obesity between January and June 2002. Children and adolescents had a mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) of 34.7 (9.3) and BMI z score of 2.6 (0.5). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Child self-report and parent proxy report using a pediatric QOL inventory generic core scale (range, 0-100). The inventory was administered by an interviewer for children aged 5 through 7 years. Scores were compared with previously published scores for healthy children and adolescents and children and adolescents diagnosed as having cancer. RESULTS: Compared with healthy children and adolescents, obese children and adolescents reported significantly (P<.001) lower health-related QOL in all domains (mean [SD] total score, 67 [16.3] for obese children and adolescents; 83 [14.8] for healthy children and adolescents). Obese children and adolescents were more likely to have impaired health-related QOL than healthy children and adolescents (odds ratio [OR], 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4-8.7) and were similar to children and adolescents diagnosed as having cancer (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.8-2.3). Children and adolescents with obstructive sleep apnea reported a significantly lower health-related QOL total score (mean [SD], 53.8 [13.3]) than obese children and adolescents without obstructive sleep apnea (mean [SD], 67.9 [16.2]). For parent proxy report, the child or adolescent's BMI z score was significantly inversely correlated with total score (r = -0.246; P =.01), physical functioning (r = -0.263; P<.01), social functioning (r = -0.347; P<.001), and psychosocial functioning (r = -0.209; P =.03). CONCLUSIONS: Severely obese children and adolescents have lower health-related QOL than children and adolescents who are healthy and similar QOL as those diagnosed as having cancer. Physicians, parents, and teachers need to be informed of the risk for impaired health-related QOL among obese children and adolescents to target interventions that could enhance health outcomes.     

超声消融子宫肌瘤患者的生活质量问卷的分析

目的 通过对子宫肌瘤患者的健康相关生活质量问卷的分析,了解子宫肌瘤患者的症状严重程度与生活质量的关系及生活质量各领域之间的相关性.方法 回顾性分析重庆医科大学附属第一医院HIFU中心2013年行超声消融的共302例患有子宫肌瘤的女性患者的子宫肌瘤症状及健康相关生活质量问卷(UFS-QOL)量表及SF-36量表.结果 UFS-QOL量表中症状严重程度领域(SSS)的Cronbach's α系数为0.794,健康相关生活质量亚量表(HRQL)的Cronbach's α系数为0.953,说明量表的内部一致性较好.症状组子宫肌瘤患者的SSS碍分明显高于无症状组(P＜0.05),除性功能领域外,该组子宫肌瘤患者的HRQL评分明显低于无症状组子宫肌瘤患者(P＜0.05).无症状组子宫肌瘤患者的SSS与HRQL各领域的相关程度一般,而UFS-QOL中的活动受限、精力/心情和生活失控三领域之间呈线性正相关(P＜0.05),症状组子宫肌瘤患者其UFS-QOL量表中SSS与对疾病的顾虑、活动受限及精力/心情3个领域间呈线性负相关(P＜0.05),其中活动受限与对疾病的顾虑、精力/心情领域呈线性正相关(r=0.776、0.741,P＜0.05).结论 子宫肌瘤的相关症状对子宫肌瘤患者的生活质量有影响,且患者对生活质量各领域间的评价也相互影响.     

Symptom status and quality of life following prostatectomy

When prostatectomy is proposed as treatment for the symptoms of prostatism, the decision to operate should depend on how patients evaluate their symptoms and on objective information about the outcomes. We undertook a health interview study to determine the probabilities for symptom relief, improvement in the quality of life, and complications following surgery and to evaluate patient concern about the symptoms of prostatism. The operation was effective in reducing symptoms: 93% of severely and 79% of moderately symptomatic patients experienced improvement; however, a statistically significant improvement in indices of quality of life occurred only among patients with acute retention or severe symptoms prior to surgery. Short-term complications of varying severity occurred in 24% of patients; in addition, 4% reported persistent incontinence and 5%, impotence. Patients with similar symptoms reported considerable difference in the degree to which they were bothered by their symptoms. The result emphasizes the importance of patient participation in the decision to undergo prostatectomy.     

系统性红斑狼疮患者生活质量评价及中药干预分析

目的对中药干预治疗系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者的生活质量进行评价,探讨中药干预治疗对患者预后的影响。方法通过问卷调查方式,应用SF-36生活质量测评标准,对93例SLE患者和30例健康对照者进行生活质量的综合测评,并对其中的30例患者的SF-36得分进行治疗前后对照。结果SLE组的生活质量评分与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);治疗前后患者的生活质量评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论SLE患者的生活质量普遍下降,配合中医药辨证治疗后患者的生活质量均明显提高。     

Evaluating the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of foot orthoses in the treatment of plantar heel pain: a feasibility study

This study evaluated the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of two different types of foot orthoses used to treat plantar heel pain. Forty-eight patients were randomly assigned to receive either a functional or an accommodative orthosis. General (EuroQol) and specific (Foot Health Status Questionnaire) health-status measures were used. Data were also collected using economic questionnaires relating to National Health Service costs for podiatry, other health-service costs, and patient costs. Data were measured at baseline and at 4- and 8-week intervals. Thirty-five patients completed the study. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in foot pain and a significant increase in foot function with the functional foot orthoses over the 8-week trial. The accommodative foot orthoses demonstrated a significant reduction in foot pain only at 4 weeks. The cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrated that functional orthoses, although initially more expensive, result in a better quality of life. Use of functional orthoses resulted in an increased cost of pound 17.99 (32.74 dollars) per patient, leading to an incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year of pound 1,650 (3,003 dollars) for functional orthoses.     

绝经期健康相关生活质量常用量表及其应用的研究进展

绝经的本质是卵巢功能的衰退,导致雌激素分泌不足引起潮热、盗汗等血管舒缩症状、生殖泌尿道萎缩、精神心理症状,同时增加骨质疏松、代谢紊乱等长远期疾病风险。健康相关生活质量是指个体在不同文化和价值体系中生理健康、心理健康、社会职能的关系,而绝经期女性绝经相关症状的发生率较高,并在一定程度上损害女性的生活质量,故评价绝经期女性的健康相关生活质量具有重要意义。现常用于绝经期健康相关生活质量评价的量表主要有标准Greene绝经期量表（GCS）、简明健康调查问卷（SF-36）、绝经期生存质量量表（MENQOL）和绝经期生活质量评分量表（MRS）,但其各有不同,也有各自的优势和局限性。本文着重对绝经期健康相关生活质量量表的相关国内外研究成果做一综述,对其有效性、不足及应用情况等方面进行概括分析、对比,旨在为临床工作中对绝经期女性适时、准确、全面评估提供参考,也为相关的研究及应用提供思路。通过比较,本文发现MRS及GCS在国内应用较少,而MENQOL可单独应用于中国绝经女性绝经相关症状及健康相关生活质量的测评,而SF-36需结合改良Kupperman评分量表等才能更完善地对两者进行测评。