腺病毒介导p53基因转染增加人胃癌细胞的放射敏感性

目的评价腺病毒介导p53基因(Adp53)转染对人胃癌细胞的凋亡效应和放射增敏作用。方法以重组腺病毒介导p53基因感染4种不同p53状况的人胃癌细胞，用免疫组织化学法和Western blot法检测P53蛋白在胃癌细胞中的表达；用细胞集落形成法检测细胞存活率；用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡。胃癌细胞感染Adp53后照射4Gy，用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布和凋亡；胃癌细胞种植肿瘤内注射Adp53后照射6Gy，以肿瘤相对体积增长曲线观察肿瘤抑制情况。结果1：100效靶比(MOI)Adp53产生细胞高转染率，以及p53基因在4种胃癌细胞中均高表达，并产生G2/M期阻滞、凋亡增加和细胞增殖抑制。如果以凋亡评价放射效应，Adp53转染对4Gy照射4种细胞的凋亡率比值为：W细胞3．0，M细胞3．6，neo细胞2．2，823细胞2．5。体内实验结果显示，Adp53对w细胞肿瘤6Gy照射的抑瘤率比值为1．41，而对M细胞肿瘤为1．91。结论腺病毒介导p53基因转染产生细胞凋亡并提高人胃癌细胞的放射敏感性，这种作用不依赖于细胞内在的p53状况。     

p53腺病毒重组体转染对p53缺失肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性的影响

目的观察p53腺病毒重组体（AdCMV-p53）转染对p53缺失肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性的影响。方法用腺病毒重组体（AdCMV—p53／GFP）转染经0、0．25、0．5、1．0、1．5、2．0Gyγ射线辐射的H1299（nullp53）和PC-3（nullp53）细胞，用流式细胞分析法检测外源性p53表达，用克隆形成法检测肿瘤细胞增殖能力。结果辐射联合AdCMV-p53转染组p53阳性细胞所占比例均明显高于单纯辐射组、单纯AdCMV—p53转染组和辐射联合AdCMV—GFP转染组同种细胞p53阳性率（P〈0．05）；AdCMV—p53转染不仅明显提高肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性，而且与肿瘤细胞组织来源有关。结论p53腺病毒重组体转染对p53基因缺失肿瘤细胞低剂量辐射敏感性的增强作用与肿瘤细胞来源的组织器官和细胞类型有关。     

辐射诱导表达载体pEgr-hPTEN的构建及其体外抗肿瘤作用的研究

目的 克隆人野生型抑癌基因PTEN／MMAC1 cDNA序列、构建辐射诱导表达载体pEgr-hPTEN并研究其体外稳定转染联合X-射线照射对恶性胶质瘤细胞SHG-44增殖的抑制作用。方法 利用RT—nested PCR法从正常人胎盘组织中扩增出约1200bp的PTEN片段，并将其重组人pcDNA3．1-Egr载体中，构建为表达质粒pEgr-hPTEN，体外转染肿瘤细胞并经G418筛选稳定转染细胞株SHG-44-sPTEN，接受不同剂量X射线照射，观察基因-放射联合作用对肿瘤细胞生长的影响。结果 经全自动测序证明克隆得到了野生型PTEN基因；辐射诱导表达载体pEgr—hPTEN构建正确；稳定转染联合X-射线照射可明显抑制肿瘤细胞的恶性增殖，5Gy以内随吸收剂量的增加，肿瘤抑制作用更明显。结论 本研究成功克隆了人野生型抑癌基因PTEN／MMAC1 cDNA序列并构建了辐射诱导表达载体pEgr-hPTEN，体外基因-放射联合治疗具有明显的肿瘤抑制作用。本研究为提高临床恶性肿瘤放疗疗效奠定了理论和实验基础。     

电离辐射调控脂质体介导的p16基因在HeLa细胞中的表达

目的探讨不同剂量γ射线照射后诱导脂质体介导的p16基因在HeLa细胞中的表达及抗癌作用。方法用脂质体Lipofectamin介导重组质粒Egr-p16转染人HeLa细胞，采用RT-PCR的方法检测了。Coγ射线照射转染后的人HeLa细胞剂量效应和时程变化，用细胞计数检测细胞增殖的变化，用流式细胞术检测细胞周期的变化。结果研究证实0．5～8Gv照射后p16的转录水平高于对照，在2～4Gy照射后达到峰值，2Gy照射后2—24h高于对照组，在照射后4h达到峰值，然后逐渐下降。细胞生长曲线显示体外稳定转染联合。Coγ射线照射对HeLa细胞的增殖具有明显的抑制作用。细胞周期变化显示转染后的HeLa细胞经过照射后G0／G1期比例呈现剂量依赖性的下降，而S期则出现剂量依赖性的增加，出现明显的S期阻滞，G2／M期在2Gy出现明显的阻滞，在5和10Gy时逐渐下降，但是仍然高于对照组。结论^60Coγ射线可诱导转染的HeLa细胞p16转录水平的增强，同时在细胞增殖上出现明显的变化。     

p16基因转染对胰腺癌细胞生长及辐射敏感性的研究

目的 探索p16基因转染对胰腺癌细胞生长辐射敏感性的作用。方法 将外源野生型p16基因连接到pCDNA3.1^＋载体构建pCDNA3.16＋ -p16重组质粒,利用Lipofectamine^TM介导转染胰腺癌JF305细胞,筛选阳性克隆。照射后,RT-PCR检测p16基因表达,Western blot检测蛋白表达;用MTT法测定细胞生长曲线和肿瘤细胞杀伤率。结果 转染p16基因的JF305细胞有外源p16基因的整合及表达,生长速度明显减少,对辐射的敏感性增强。结论 导入外源野生型p16基因可抑制胰腺癌细胞恶性增殖,提高胰腺癌细胞对辐射的敏感性。     

外源性野生型p53基因对不同p53功能状态的人肺腺癌细胞株的放射增敏作用

目的 观察外源性野生型p53基因(wtp53)对人肺腺癌细胞株的放射增敏作用,比较不同p53基因状态对照射的影响。 方法 免疫组织化学法、聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性分析(PCR-SSCP法)筛选p53基因状态不同的两种人肺腺癌细胞系A549及GLC-82,用腺病毒介导wtp53 (Ad-p53)转染后分别给予0、2和4 Gy照射,测定集落形成率,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布和凋亡。结果 A549细胞的p53基因正常,而GLC-82细胞的p53基因第7外显子突变,转染后wtp53在两种细胞内均成功表达。Ad-p53对A549及GLC-82细胞抑制率分别为55%和88%,对GLC-82抑制作用较强(P<0.01)。转染Ad-p53后照射,两种细胞集落形成率较对照组明显下降(P<0.001)。流式细胞仪分析Ad-p53使G₁期细胞比例增加和凋亡指数增高,Ad-p53＋照射组最为明显(P<0.001)。结论 Ad-wtp53可以抑制人肺腺癌细胞株的生长,增加其放射敏感性,其放射增敏作用并不依赖于细胞内源性p53基因的状态。     

HCMV的IE2介导野生型p53基因促凋亡作用的研究

选择野生型P53缺失型的Jurkat细胞系，首先将wt-p53-pLXSN稳定转染入Jurkat细胞（Jurkat-wt-p53),再分别或联合转染TE1，TE2基因，并利用流式细胞仪分析。结果显示，转染了IE2基因的Jurkat-wt-p53细胞在瞬时转染24h后出现光镜下可见的细胞凋亡改变，此时取样进行流式细胞仪测定细胞周期分布状况，可见转染了IE2基因的Jurkat-wt-p53细胞周期分布较其他各组发生了明显的 变化，G1期和S期细胞分布减少，而G2期细胞增多，细胞阻滞于G2／M期，并且出现了细胞凋亡亚二倍体峰,引起细胞凋亡。研究表明，在Jurkat 细胞中HCMV的IE2基因可介导野生型P53基因的促凋亡作用。     

pEgr-hPTEN稳定转染联合辐射诱导人胶质瘤SHG-44细胞凋亡及Bcl-2表达下调

目的 探讨辐射诱导表达载体pEgr-hPTEN体外稳定转染人胶质瘤SHG-44细胞后联合X射线照射，诱导细胞凋亡的作用及凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2表达的变化。方法 以脂质体介导携有外源野生型PTEN基因的辐射诱导表达载体pEgr-hPTEN，体外转染SHG-44细胞，筛选稳定转染的细胞克隆并扩增培养；应用电子显微镜、流式细胞仪等方法，检测稳定转染联合X射线照射对胶质瘤细胞超微结构、细胞凋亡及Bcl-2蛋白表达等特性的影响。结果 稳定转染细胞超微结构有明显的退行性改变，可见核内染色质趋边的类似早期凋亡的改变；稳定转染联合X射线照射可诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡，5Gy以内随吸收剂量的增加，早期凋亡细胞百分数明显增加，稳定转染不同剂量照射组早期凋亡细胞百分数分别为稳定转染0Gy假照组的1．5—2．3倍、为未转染照射组的1．9—4．4倍、为未转染0Gy假照组的3．4—5．1倍；同时稳定转染细胞Bcl-2蛋白表达则呈剂量依赖性下降。结论 体外PTEN基因转染联合X射线照射可诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡明显增多，Bcl-2蛋白表达下调，具有显著的肿瘤抑制作用。     

腺病毒介导的p16和p53的联合应用对胆管癌细胞QBC939的生长抑制作用

为研究p16和p53基因的联合应用对胆管癌细胞的作用,将重组体腺病毒p16、p53、p16联合p53转移到人胆管癌细胞QBC939,对p16、p53基因的表达,细胞的生长抑制及机制进行了分析。RT－PCR显示在胆管癌QBC939细胞系中p16呈低表达,p53不表达,重组体腺病毒能介导p16和p53等外源基因在胆管癌QBC939细胞系中高效表达,两者联合应用能明显抑制QBC939细胞的生长和集落形成。流式细胞计数证实其能诱导,QBC939细胞发生明显半调并导致其发生G1期阻滞,本研究显示p16及p53基因通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡及G1期阻滞在肿瘤的基因治疗方面发挥作用,两者联合应用具有协同作用。     

外源性p27KIP1基因抑制SGC7901细胞的增殖

研究p27^KIP1基因对胃癌细胞的细胞周期及细胞增殖的影响。采用脂质体转染法将p27^KIP1全长cDNA转入胃癌细胞系SGC7901中，通过免疫屯迹分析以及RNA斑点杂交方法检测p27^KIP1基因在蛋白质和mRNA水平的表达，细胞活力实验及软琼脂集落形成实验显示转染p27^KIP1基因对细胞增殖的作用；流式细胞仪观察目的的基因对该细胞的细胞周期的影响。结果显示，转染p27^KIP1的SGC7901细胞在mRNA和蛋白质水平均有高水平p27^KIP1的表达；细胞活力检测显示在外加Zn离子48h后细胞生长被抑制42％；转染p27^KIP1的SGC7901细胞的集落形成率较对照组明显减少（P＜0．01）；p27^KIP1的过表达能够显著地增加G1期的细胞数，由33．68％增加到69．29％（P＜0．01）。研究表明，p27^KIP1基因可抑制SGC7901细胞由G1期向S期过渡，从而抑制细胞增殖。     

野生型p53基因转染卵巢癌SKOV-3细胞对放疗敏感性的影响

目的 探讨γ射线照射抑制平滑肌细胞（SMC）增殖的信号传递途径。方法 培养的动脉平滑肌细胞分别接受吸收剂量为3.5、7．0、14Gy^60Coγ射线照射后，以^3H-TdR掺入法测定平滑肌细胞增殖程度，放射活性法测定蛋白激酶C（PKC）及丝裂素活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）活性。结果 7．0、14Gy^60Coγ射线能明显抑制平滑肌细胞增殖，同时有MAPK、PKC活性明显降低。结论 7．0、14Gy^60Coγ射线抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖可能是通过降低MAPK、PKC活性途径实现的。     

照射后不同p53基因状态胃癌细胞的G1期阻滞和凋亡

目的　评价抑癌基因ｐ５３（ 野生型ｐ５３） 对照射后人胃癌细胞系（ＢＧＣ８２３） 的Ｇ１ 期阻滞和凋亡的控制作用。方法　３ 种具有不同ｐ５３ 状态的人胃癌细胞系,即转染人野生型ｐ５３ 基因的ＢＧＣ８２３ｗｔｐ５３ 细胞、转染人突变型ｐ５３ 基因的ＢＧＣ８２３ｍｕｔｐ５３ 细胞和转染无ｐ５３ 基因的空载质粒的ＢＧＣ８２３ｖｅｃｔ 细胞,用流式细胞计分析细胞,４Ｇｙ 照射后０、８ 和２４ 小时后各细胞时相分布和凋亡的反应。结果　照射４Ｇｙ 后８ 小时和２４ 小时后的ＢＧＣ８２３ｗｔｐ５３ 细胞出现强烈的Ｇ１ 期阻滞（分别占原细胞总数的６７－９％ 和６１－１ ％） ,而ＢＧＣ８２３ｍｕｔｐ５３ 、ＢＧＣ８２３ｖｅｃｔ 细胞几乎没有Ｇ１ 期阻滞;照射４Ｇｙ 后８ 小时和２４ 小时后的ＢＧＣ８２３ｗｔｐ５３ 细胞出现明显的预示凋亡的亚Ｇ１ 峰,凋亡细胞比例分别达１３－０ ％ 和１５－３ ％ ;而ＢＧＣ８２３ｍｕｔｐ５３ 和ＢＧＣ８２３ｖｅｃｔ 细胞几乎没有出现亚Ｇ１ 峰和凋亡细胞比例都为零。结论　野生型ｐ５３ 基因具有促进照射后肿瘤细胞的Ｇ１ 期阻滞和凋亡作用,而ｐ５３ 变异和缺失则减低了肿瘤细胞对放射线的反应。     

WAF1 accumulation by carbon-ion beam and alpha-particle irradiation in human glioblastoma cultured cells

PURPOSE: There have been no reports about the effects of heavy-ion beams on the expression of the WAF1 gene, although ionizing radiation such as y-rays and X-rays is well known to induce WAF1 (p21/CIP1/sdi1) gene expression in a p53-dependent manner. In the present study, it was examined whether WAF1 accumulation was induced after carbon-ion (C-) beam or alpha-particle irradiation in four glioblastoma cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A colony assay for radiosensitivity and Western blot analysis of WAF1 were applied to two human glioblastoma cell lines, A-172 bearing wild-type p53 (wtp53) and T98G bearing mutated p53 (mp53). A-172/neo and A-172/mp53 were transfected with a control vector (containing only a neo selection marker) and a mp53 expression vector respectively. RESULTS: The amount of WAF1 increased markedly after X-ray irradiation in A-172 and A-172/neo cells but not in T98G and A-172/mp53 cells. The level of WAF1 reached a plateau at 3-10 h after X-ray irradiation at 5 Gy in A-172 and A-172/neo cells. Likewise, the levels of WAF1 in A-172 and A-172/neo cells reached a plateau at 3-10 h and 6-24 h after C-beam (3.0 Gy) and alpha-particle (4.5 Gy) irradiation respectively. The amount of WAF1 increased markedly in a dose-dependent manner 10 h after X-ray, C-beam or alpha-particle irradiation in A-172 and A-172/neo cells but not in T98G or A-172/mp53 cells. In addition, cell survival assay showed that these cell lines were most sensitive to C-beams, less sensitive to alpha-particles and least sensitive to X-rays at 10% survival. There was no difference in sensitivity among these cell lines against C-beam and alpha-particle irradiation whereas wtp53 cells (A-172 and A-172/neo) were more sensitive to X-rays than mp53 cells (A-172/mp53 and T98G). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that C-beams and alpha-particles induce p53-dependent WAF1 accumulation as well as is the case with X-rays, suggesting that WAF1 protein accumulation may not contribute to cell killing.     

WAF1 accumulation by carbon-ion beam and alpha-particle irradiation in human glioblastoma cultured cells

Purpose : There have been no reports about the effects of heavy-ion beams on the expression of the WAF1 gene, although ionizing radiation such as gamma-rays and X-rays is well known to induce WAF1 (p21/CIP1/sdi1) gene expression in a p53 -dependent manner. In the present study, it was examined whether WAF1 accumulation was induced after carbon-ion (C-) beam or alpha-particle irradiation in four glioblastoma cell lines. Materials and methods : A colony assay for radiosensitivity and Western blot analysis of WAF1 were applied to two human glioblastoma cell lines, A-172 bearing wild-type p53 (wt p53) and T98G bearing mutated p53 (m p53) . A-172/neo and A-172/mp53 were transfected with a control vector (containing only a neo selection marker) and a m p53 expression vector respectively. Results : The amount of WAF1 increased markedly after X-ray irradiation in A-172 and A-172/neo cells but not in T98G and A-172/mp53 cells. The level of WAF1 reached a plateau at 3-10 h after X-ray irradiation at 5 Gy in A-172 and A-172/neo cells. Likewise, the levels of WAF1 in A-172 and A-172/neo cells reached a plateau at 3-10 h and 6-24 h after C-beam (3.0Gy) and alpha-particle (4.5 Gy) irradiation respectively. The amount of WAF1 increased markedly in a dose-dependent manner 10 h after X-ray, C-beam or alpha-particle irradiation in A-172 and A172/neo cells but not in T98G or A-172/mp53 cells. In addition, cell survival assay showed that these cell lines were most sensitive to C-beams, less sensitive to alpha-particles and least sensitive to X-rays at 10% survival. There was no difference in sensitivity among these cell lines against C-beam and alpha-particle irradiation whereas wt p53 cells (A-172 and A-172/neo) were more sensitive to X-rays than m p53 cells (A-172/mp53 and T98G). Conclusions : These results indicate that C-beams and alpha-particles induce p53 -dependent WAF1 accumulation as well as is the case with X-rays, suggesting that WAF1 protein accumulation may not contribute to cell killing.     

Preferential radiosensitization in p53-mutated human tumour cell lines by pentoxifylline-mediated disruption of the G2/M checkpoint control

Purpose : There is evidence that the duration of the G2/M delay following irradiation is correlated with cell survival. We studied the radiosensitizing potential of pentoxifylline (PTX) and the PTX-mediated modulation of cell-cycle progression dependent on the p53 status of various human tumour cell lines. Materials and methods : The cellular radiosensitivity of human MCF-7 (wild-type p53) and HT-29 (p53-defective) tumour cells, which were exposed to PTX (2 mM) immediately after γ-irradiation was determined by colony forming assay. The influence on cell cycle progression after irradiation (6 Gy) was assessed by flow cytometric analysis using p53 wild-type MCF-7 and HPR600 cells, and p53-defective HT-29 and WiDr cells. Results : Clonogenic survival assays up to 8 Gy demonstrated that p53-defective HT-29 cells (sensitizer enhancement ratio [SER]=1.54) were sensitized by PTX (2 mM) to a significantly higher degree than p53 wild-type MCF-7 (SER=1.14) cells. Exposure of irradiated (6 Gy) cells to PTX (2 mM) resulted in abrogation of the radiation-induced G2/M arrest in the p53-defective HT-29 and WiDr cells, whereas the p53 wild-type-expressing MCF-7 and HPR600 cells showed less significant impairment of the G2/M checkpoint. In HT-29 cells, the rate of transition into mitosis was even higher than in the sham-treated control cells. G2/M abrogation was accompanied by an increase of apoptosis only in HPR600 cells. Conclusions : Since PTX was less effective in cells expressing intact p53, the application of PTX suggests a promising strategy of pharmacological disruption of the G2/M checkpoint control by which preferentially radiation-resistant tumours with defective p53 function might be rendered more sensitive to ionizing radiation.     

Preferential radiosensitization in p53-mutated human tumour cell lines by pentoxifylline-mediated disruption of the G2/M checkpoint control

PURPOSE: There is evidence that the duration of the G2/M delay following irradiation is correlated with cell survival. We studied the radiosensitizing potential of pentoxifylline (PTX) and the PTX-mediated modulation of cell-cycle progression dependent on the p53 status of various human tumour cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cellular radiosensitivity of human MCF-7 (wild-type p53) and HT-29 (p53-defective) tumour cells, which were exposed to PTX (2 mM) immediately after gamma-irradiation was determined by colony forming assay. The influence on cell cycle progression after irradiation (6 Gy) was assessed by flow cytometric analysis using p53 wild-type MCF-7 and HPR600 cells, and p53-defective HT-29 and WiDr cells. RESULTS: Clonogenic survival assays up to 8 Gy demonstrated that p53-defective HT-29 cells (sensitizer enhancement ratio [SER]=1.54) were sensitized by PTX (2 mM) to a significantly higher degree than p53 wild-type MCF-7 (SER=1.14) cells. Exposure of irradiated (6 Gy) cells to PTX (2 mM) resulted in abrogation of the radiation-induced G2/M arrest in the p53-defective HT-29 and WiDr cells, whereas the p53 wild-type-expressing MCF-7 and HPR600 cells showed less significant impairment of the G2/M checkpoint. In HT-29 cells, the rate of transition into mitosis was even higher than in the sham-treated control cells. G2/M abrogation was accompanied by an increase of apoptosis only in HPR600 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Since PTX was less effective in cells expressing intact p53, the application of PTX suggests a promising strategy of pharmacological disruption of the G2/M checkpoint control by which preferentially radiation-resistant tumours with defective p53 function might be rendered more sensitive to ionizing radiation.     

放射抗拒性食管癌细胞系的建立及基因表达差异分析

目的观察食管癌细胞经射线反复照射后放射敏感性的变化，应用基因芯片技术分析放射抗拒性食管癌细胞基因表达变化。方法食管鳞状细胞癌细胞株TE13经反复γ射线照射（累积剂量120Cy），逐步筛选出具有放射抗拒性的细胞TE13R120。相差显微镜下观察TE13及TE13R120的形态学差异；应用细胞克隆形成实验，验证TE13及TE13R120两种细胞的不同放射敏感性，用流式细胞术检测它们的细胞周期分布特征；基因芯片分析两种细胞基因表达差异。结果TE13R120的细胞群体倍增时间为39．93h，长于亲代TE13（33．94h）。TE13及TE13R120的放射敏感性明显不同（仇值分别为1．63和2．85Gy，SF2值分别为0．55和0．64，Dq值分别为1．38和1．15Gy，n值分别为2．33和1．49）。两种细胞经4Gy放射线照射后，出现不同的细胞周期分布改变，12～48h TE13R120细胞周期变化不明显，而其亲代细胞TE13发生明显G1期阻滞。应用DNA芯片对2159个基因进行了筛选，TE13R120与TE13相比，上调基因96个，下调基因80个。结论新的食管癌细胞系TE13R120比其亲本对射线更加抗拒，并且在基因水平上发生明显变化。4Gy照射后12～48hTE13R120细胞周期变化不明显，而其亲代细胞TE13发生明显G1期阻滞。     

Hypoxia-regulated p53 and its effect on radiosensitivity in cancer cells

PURPOSE: To determine the response of tumor suppressor p53 to hypoxia in different tumor cell lines and the involvement of p53 activity regulation in the effect of hypoxia on tumor cell sensitivity to radiation and hyperthermia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three tumor cell lines with functional p53 were treated with chronic or cyclic hypoxia followed by radiation or hyperthermia to investigate p53 activity and cell survival. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the effect of hypoxia-induced cell cycle arrest on radiosensitivity in KHT-C (mouse fibrosarcoma) cells. Transient transfection was performed to determine the role of altered p53 activity in KHT-C and SCC VII (mouse squamous-cell carcinoma) radiosensitivity. RESULTS: Aerobic radiosensitivity was decreased in KHT-C and SCC VII cells after in vitro chronic or cyclic hypoxia pretreatment, but in HT1080 cells, it was slightly increased after chronic hypoxia, and was unchanged after acute hypoxia pretreatment. Decreased radiosensitivity in hypoxia-pretreated KHT-C and SCC VII cells was unlikely due to hypoxia-induced cell cycle arrest, but rather seemed to be associated with increased expression of Mdm2 (mouse double minute-2) and decreased p53. Furthermore, hypoxia pretreatment inhibited the activation of p53 by radiation. Similar results were observed in hyperthermia treated KHT-C cells. Finally, decreased radiosensitivity was observed in both KHT-C and SCC VII cells transiently transfected with Mdm2 or anti-sense p53 cDNA. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that hypoxia may decrease tumor cell radiosensitivity through the suppression of p53 activity in some tumor cell lines. These results suggested the response of p53 to hypoxia can be cell type specific and contribute to radiosensitivity of hypoxic cells.