平果县1991-2000年婴儿死亡率及主要死因变化分析

对平果县 1991— 2 0 0 0年婴儿死亡资料进行分析 ,显示婴儿死亡第一位死因前 8年为肺炎 ,1999— 2 0 0 0年为出生窒息。分析表明降低窒息、肺炎死亡率是控制婴儿死亡率的关键 ,要提高对早产和低体重儿的护理和防治水平 ,建议建立县级遗传学监测体系 ,加大农村公共卫生投入     

Monitoring organ donor rates: a predictive model based on routinely available data in France applied to the year 2002

Temporal trends in organ donor harvesting rates are subject to variability. It is important to detect variations as early as possible using current data. We developed a predictive model for monitoring harvesting activity using the number of donors harvested monthly between 1996 and 2001. A Poisson model was used to predict the number of donors harvested each month along with their confidence intervals. This model also updates, on a monthly basis, the predicted number of donors for the current year. During 2002, the number of donors observed each month followed the predicted monthly variations, but a significant increase was observed in March and May. These models can be used by transplantation agencies for monitoring purposes and for the evaluation of organ donation programmes.     

How to calculate standard errors for population estimates based on Australian National Health Survey data

The National Health Surveys (NHS), conducted regularly by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, are designed to obtain benchmark information on a range of health-related issues and to enable the monitoring of health trends over time. Confidentialised Unit Record Files (CURFs), containing detailed individual-level NHS data, are available from the ABS. When using the CURF data to make an estimate relating to the Australian population, the precision of the estimate should also be calculated, but due to the complexity of the survey design and the limited survey design information in the CURF, this is not straightforward. This paper explains three different methods for calculating standard errors for population estimates obtained using CURF data: (i) using the estimates of relative standard errors published by the ABS; (ii) using the replicate weights provided by the ABS in the CURF; and (iii) assuming the survey design is a simple random sample. The most appropriate method will depend on which survey is being analysed and the type of population estimate; this is discussed in detail. Worked examples for each method using data from the 2001 NHS CURF are provided, together with Stata 9 code illustrating the implementation of each method.     

Assessment of completeness of death reporting in Brazilian states for the year 2000

OBJECTIVE: To estimate and evaluate the completeness of adult death reporting for all Brazilian states. METHODS: Death statistics from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Brazilian Ministry of Health for the period between 1999 and 2001 were compared by sex. Three techniques were used to evaluate the extent of death underreporting. The final estimate followed previously set criteria, resulting in four evaluation categories. RESULTS: For the first time, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics reported fewer deaths than the Ministry of Health. Death reporting showed to be at least "satisfactory" in all states in the South, Southeast, Mid-West and part of the Northeast region. The remaining states, from the Northeastern state of Piauí toward the North, were classified as "average" except for the state of Roraima. Fuller death reporting was seen among males. CONCLUSIONS: Increased death reporting was seen in all regions, particularly for those in North and Northeast regions. If this trend will continue, all Brazilian states will likely exceed 80% reporting by the year 2010.     

A retrospective population based trend analysis on hospital admissions for lower respiratory illness among Swedish children from 1987 to 2000

Background  

Data relating to hospital admissions of very young children for wheezing illness have been conflicting. Our primary aim was to assess whether a previous increase in hospital admissions for lower respiratory illness had continued in young Swedish children. We have included re-admissions in our analyses in order to evaluate the burden of lower respiratory illness in very young children. We have also assessed whether changes in the labelling of symptoms have affected the time trend.     

Births: preliminary data for 2000.

OBJECTIVES: This report presents preliminary data for 2000 on births in the United States. U.S. data on births are shown by age, race, and Hispanic origin of mother. Data on marital status, prenatal care, cesarean delivery, and low birthweight are also presented. METHODS: Data in this report are based on more than 96 percent of births for 2000. The records are weighted to independent control counts of births received in State vital statistics offices in 2000. Comparisons are made with 1999 final data. RESULTS: The number of births rose 3 percent between 1999 and 2000. The crude birth rate increased to 14.8 per 1,000 population in 2000, 2 percent higher than the 1999 rate. The fertility rate rose 3 percent to 67.6 per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years between 1999 and 2000. The birth rate for teenagers, which has been falling since 1991, declined 2 percent in 2000 to 48.7 births per 1,000 females aged 15-19 years, another historic low. The rate for teenagers 15-17 years fell 4 percent, and the rate for 18-19 year olds was down 1 percent. Since 1991, rates have fallen 29 percent for teenagers 15-17 years and 16 percent for teenagers 18-19 years. Birth rates for all of the older age groups increased for 1999-2000: 1 percent among women aged 20-24 years, 3 percent for women aged 25-29 years, and 5 percent for women in their thirties. Rates for women aged 40-54 years were also up for 2000. The birth rate for unmarried women increased 2 percent to 45.2 births per 1,000 unmarried women aged 15-44 years in 2000, but was still lower than the peak reached in 1994. The number of births to unmarried women was up 3 percent, the highest number ever reported in the United States. However, the number of births to unmarried teenagers declined. The proportion of women who began prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy (83.2 percent) did not improve for 2000, nor did the rate of low birthweight (7.6 percent). The total cesarean rate rose for the fourth consecutive year to 22.9 percent, the result of both a rise in the rate of primary cesarean deliveries and a decline in the rate of vaginal births after previous cesarean delivery.