Economic burden of psoriatic arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory arthritis in association with skin psoriasis (Ps). PsA may show a heterogeneous and variable clinical course, with involvement of peripheral and axial diarthrodial joints, periarticular structures such as entheses, as well as the skin and nails. Evidence is increasing that affected patients can have significant radiographic joint damage, functional impairment, reduced quality of life (QOL) and long-term work disability. The economic burden of PsA can be considerable.There is an increasing interest in pharmacoeconomic evaluations in PsA, driven mostly by the introduction of highly effective but expensive biologic agents, particularly inhibitors of the proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Treatment with TNFalpha inhibitors results in not only substantial improvements in signs and symptoms of arthritis, but also improvements in all distinct sites of the disease, such as axial arthritis, dactylitis, enthesitis and skin disease.There is a dearth of published pharmacoeconomic evaluations in the field of PsA. The notable clinical efficacy of the TNFalpha inhibitors needs to be factored into a comprehensive assessment of their value. Further analyses are needed to optimize the use of the new biologic agents in PsA.     

银屑病关节炎的护理体会

目的探讨护理干预对银屑病关节炎患者预后的影响。方法选取本院2011年3月～2012年3月收治的银屑病关节炎59例患者,对其进行有针对性的心理护理、用药指导、功能锻炼及生活指导,观察患者预后。结果银屑病关节炎患者病情均得到有效控制,全部好转出院。结论精心的护理能有效提高银屑病关节炎的临床疗效。     

Current and investigational treatment of psoriatic arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is now recognised as a progressively destructive inflammatory arthritis that can lead to joint deformity and functional disability. Early diagnosis and treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are necessary to control disease, particularly in patients with clinical factors and human leukocyte antigen markers predictive of progressive disease. However, there are few randomised controlled trials of the traditional DMARDs in PsA and none have demonstrated efficacy on axial manifestations or delay in radiological progression. The demonstration of raised levels of TNF-alpha in psoriatic skin and synovial tissue has provided a rationale for the application of biological agents in PsA. Furthermore, the recognition of the role of T-cell activation in both psoriasis and PsA has led to the therapeutic targeting of T lymphocytes, the results of which at this early stage are encouraging. This article reviews the studies of the most widely used traditional DMARDs in PsA followed by studies with leflunomide and the biological response modifiers, including TNF-alpha antagonists and T-cell-targeted therapies.     

Emerging drugs for psoriatic arthritis

Importance of the field: The socioeconomic burden of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is considerable and not different from that of rheumatoid arthritis. Current treatment options do not always allow reaching the therapeutic objectives consisting of the remission of symptoms and prevention of the appearance of damage in the early stage of PsA or the blocking of PsA progression in the established cases.

Areas covered in this review: After reviewing the current treatment choices, we examine the new drugs in clinical Phase II and III trials for PsA up to January 2010. Information was mainly obtained from the network of international clinical trial registries.

What the reader will gain: The current management of PsA includes NSAIDs, corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and anti-TNF-α blocking agents. These last drugs are more effective than traditional DMARDs on symptoms/signs of inflammation, quality of life and function and can inhibit the progression of the structural joint damage. Recent advancement in the knowledge of the immunopathogenesis of PsA has permitted the development of novel drugs including new TNF-α blockers, IL-1, -6, -12, -23 and -17 inhibitors, co-stimulator modulation inhibitors, B-cell depleting agents, small molecules and receptor activator of NF-κB/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand inhibitors.

Take home message: The currently available anti-TNF-α blocking agents have revolutionized the management of PsA. However, there is a need for more effective and safer drugs.     

银屑病关节炎患者抗核周因子的检测

目的　评价抗核周因子 (antiperinuclear factor,APF)在诊断、鉴别诊断银屑病关节炎与类风湿关节炎的作用。方法　以人颊黏膜上皮细胞为底物用间接免疫荧光法对 4 0例银屑病关节炎、6 4例寻常型银屑病、15 1例非炎症性风湿病、2 2 0例类风湿关节炎 (15 7例类风湿因子阳性 ,6 3例类风湿因子阴性 )的患者以及 176名健康对照者进行了血清 APF的检测。结果　银屑病关节炎患者 APF阳性率 7.5 % ,比健康对照者增高 (1.1% ,P<0 .0 5 ) ,与寻常型银屑病 (3.1% )和非炎症性风湿病 (3.3% )患者阳性率相似 ,差异无统计学意义 ,但低于类风湿因子阴性的类风湿关节炎患者 (5 4 .0 % ,P<0 .0 0 1)和类风湿因子阳性的类风湿关节炎患者 (83.4 % ,P<0 .0 0 1) ,3例 APF阳性的银屑病关节炎均为多关节炎累及 ,其类风湿因子阳性。结论　 APF检测有助于银屑病关节炎和类风湿关节炎的鉴别和银屑病关节炎的分型。     

Emerging drugs for psoriatic arthritis

Introduction: The majority of Psoriatic Arthritis patients experience a good clinical response to anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α therapies. However, treatment failure with anti-TNF-α can represent a relevant clinical problem.

Areas covered: We review the efficacy and safety profile of biological therapies that have been reported from randomized, controlled trials in phase II and phase III available in Pubmed Database for agents targeting IL-12/23p40 antibody (ustekinumab) and IL-17 (secukinumab), inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4, (apremilast), and of JAK/STAT pathways (tofacitinib) and CTLA4 co-stimulation (abatacept) in Psoriatic Arthritis.

Expert opinion: In Psoriatic Arthritis, main emerging drugs are represented by the fully human monoclonal IL-12/23p40 antibody, ustekinumab, the agent targeting IL-17, secukinumab, and the inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4, apremilast.

Results on T cell co-stimulation inhibition by abatacept are insufficient both in psoriasis and in PsA. In vitro investigations on JAK/STAT pathways in PsA suggest that tofacitinib could represent a further valuable therapeutic option.

Emerging biological treatments other than anti-TNF agents, ustekinumab, secukinumab and apremilast appear promising for Psoriatic Arthritis and recent studies have showed a good efficacy and an acceptable safety profile; however, further and long-term studies are advocated.     

Adalimumab: in psoriatic arthritis

Adalimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, is a tumour necrosis factor antagonist that has been investigated for efficacy in psoriatic arthritis, based on well-established use of the drug in rheumatoid arthritis. In well-controlled Phase III trials, adalimumab (40 mg administered subcutaneously every other week) has shown efficacy in adult patients with psoriatic arthritis who had an inadequate response to previous treatment with NSAIDs (24-week ADEPT trial; n = 313) or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (12-week study; n = 100). In these trials, adalimumab recipients experienced a significantly greater improvement in arthritis response (p < 0.001 in the ADEPT trial, and p 相似文献   

类风湿关节炎与银屑病关节炎患者血清抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体水平及临床意义探讨

目的检测血清抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体(抗CCP抗体)在类风湿关节炎(RA)与银屑病关节炎(PsA)中的阳性率,探讨抗CCP抗体与RA、PsA疾病活动指标、骨侵蚀的关系。方法收集RA110例,PsA48例,41名健康对照者,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)定量检测血清抗CCP抗体浓度,并分析RA、PsA患者血清抗CCP抗体水平与肿胀关节数(SJC)、压痛关节数(TJC)、疾病活动指数(DAS)及骨侵蚀之间的关系。结果血清抗CCP抗体在RA阳性率为82%(90/110),在PsA阳性率为15%(7/48),正常对照组均为阴性。RA抗CCP抗体阳性率与PsA、正常对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),PsA与正常对照组抗CCP抗体阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。抗CCP抗体阳性RA患者SJC、TJC及DAS28评分均高于阴性患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。抗CCP抗体阳性PsA患者SJC及TJC高于阴性患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),7例抗CCP抗体阳性的PsA患者均表现为对称性多关节炎。RA及PsA抗CCP抗体阳性和阴性患者之间骨侵蚀的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在RA,抗CCP抗体与疾病活动度相关。抗CCP抗体可出现在PsA患者血清中,抗CCP抗体阳性的PsA患者多表现为对称性多关节炎,且与SJC、TJC有关。     

银屑病关节炎的药物治疗

银屑病关节炎是一种与银屑病相关的炎症性关节病变,临床表现轻重不一、病情迁延反复,可呈轻微非毁损性单关节炎、也可能发展迅速而出现毁损性多关节炎并出现骨溶解和关节强直.银屑病关节炎的发病机制未明,其治疗长期困扰着风湿科及皮肤科医生.本文就银屑病关节炎的药物治疗进行综述.     

银屑病关节炎的药物治疗

银屑病关节炎是一种与银屑病相关的炎症性关节病变,临床表现轻重不一、病情迁延反复,可呈轻微非毁损性单关节炎、也可能发展迅速而出现毁损性多关节炎并出现骨溶解和关节强直。银屑病关节炎的发病机制未明,其治疗长期困扰着风湿科及皮肤科医生。本文就银屑病关节炎的药物治疗进行综述。     

银屑病性关节炎的临床研究与X线分析

目的:回顾分析银屑病性关节炎(PsA)的临床特点及X线表现,以提高对PsA X线表现的认识。方法:对2016年—2019年收治的20例PsA的临床表现及X线表现进行分析,总结出PsA的常见X线表现。结果:20例PsA中,8例有单个关节的受累变化,12例有两个及以上关节的受累变化。临床表现为关节疼痛及周围软组织肿胀,常表现为“腊肠样”变化;X线片表现为关节间隙狭窄或增宽,关节边缘和中央部骨侵蚀及骨质增生,关节边缘虫蚀状破坏,晚期出现骨性强直。结论:PsA的X线表现具有多样性,实验室检查缺少特征性,需结合临床资料以提高诊断的准确性。     

Treatment strategies for early psoriatic arthritis

Background: Until a few years ago, the early diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) did not receive much attention, especially in view of the lack of drugs capable of altering the disease course. This changed with the introduction of the TNF-α-blocking agents, as a result of which the early diagnosis of PsA is now a topic of great interest. Objective: The aim of the study was to review the treatment for PsA in order to determine the optimal approach to managing early disease. Methods: The systematic review performed by members of GRAPPA (Group of Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis) was integrated with data from more recent studies. Results/conclusion: After making the diagnosis of PsA, the next step is to stage of the disease with the aim of establishing the prevalent manifestation (peripheral arthritis, peripheral enthesitis, axial involvement and dactylitis) and degree of severity (mild, moderate or severe) of the disease. Each patient should be treated according to the defined disease status following the suggested treatment algorithms.     

Etanercept: a review of its use in the management of ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis

Etanercept (Enbrel), a recombinant, dimeric, soluble tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor protein, is approved in various countries for the treatment of adult patients with ankylosing spondylitis or psoriatic arthritis.Monotherapy with subcutaneous etanercept 25mg twice weekly or 50mg once weekly was effective and generally well tolerated in patients with ankylosing spondylitis or psoriatic arthritis participating in several large, well designed clinical studies. Treatment with etanercept was more effective than placebo in reducing disease activity and improving health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) in both patient populations, and in delaying structural disease progression in patients with psoriatic arthritis. The beneficial response to etanercept achieved with shorter-term treatment was sustained in studies of up to 4 years' total duration. Randomised, well designed, head-to-head comparisons, including pharmacoeconomic analyses, with other anti-TNF biological modulators are required to accurately position etanercept and fully establish its cost effectiveness. In the meantime, etanercept is a valuable treatment option for patients with ankylosing spondylitis or psoriatic arthritis who are suitable candidates for therapy.     

Immunopathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis: Recent advances

Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis. The pathophysiology of PsA includes genetic, environmental and immunologic factors. Recent studies revealed the dynamic role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of the disease. Adhesion molecules, proinflammatory cytokines, angiogenic factors and metalloproteinases appear to orchestrate the inflammatory response in PsA. This article summarizes the current immunologic findings and suggests future therapeutic and researching approaches in the field of PsA.     

Apremilast for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis occurs in about one-third of patients with psoriasis, and is a severely disabling, progressive inflammatory spondyloarthropathy typically treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, TNF-α inhibitors and ustekinumab. These medications moderately improve the arthritis, dactylitis, and enthesitis that characterize psoriatic arthritis, however, they are associated with serious long-term adverse effects, issues with safety and tolerability, and high cost. Moreover, many patients do not respond or have resistant or recurrent manifestations to these agents. Apremilast is an orally available phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor that may block the pathogenic inflammatory Th17 and Th1 pathways upstream of current biologics, which target extracellular molecules of the immunological response.     

New drugs for peripheral joint psoriatic arthritis

Up to 3% of people have psoriasis, and as many as 42% of these have an associated chronic inflammatory arthritis. In up to 20% of such patients, the arthritis progresses to become severe, destructive and deforming. Traditional drug treatments include NSAIDs and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) used for rheumatoid arthritis. Leflunomide (Arava - Sanofi-Aventis), etanercept (Enbrel - Wyeth) inifliximab (Remicade - Schering-Plough) and adalimumab (Humira - Abbott) are licensed for the treatment of patients with peripheral joint disease in psoriatic arthritis. Here we review drug therapy for such patients, concentrating on the newer agents.     

Recent advances in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis

This article provides an overview of recent developments in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis with an emphasis on patent literature for the period January 1998 to December 2002. The main pathogenic pathways thought to be operative in psoriatic arthritis are highlighted and some novel compounds that can potentially interfere with such pathways at different levels are discussed. Among the new agents proposed, the inhibitors of cytokine signaling, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix degradation appear to be of particular interest for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis resistant to conventional therapies. Finally, new formulations of existing drugs and natural remedies claimed to be useful for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis are reviewed.     

Current pharmacological treatment guidelines for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Psoriasis is a common chronic skin condition that is prevalent worldwide. Despite the numerous treatment options available, discrepancies exist between international guidelines.

Areas covered: This review aims to evaluate the current international guidelines for the systemic treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

Expert commentary: Most guidelines are unanimous on medication dosing and laboratory monitoring. However, even the most up-to-date guidelines do not include many of the new biologic medications. Guidelines will require frequent updates to include the newer treatments and will soon need to state a recommendation on the use of biosimilars.