Fractures of the anatomical neck of the scapula: two cases and review of the literature

Anatomical neck fractures of the scapula are rare. The authors have found in the literature only four radiologically documented fractures of the anatomical neck of the scapula. Two of them were published by Hardegger et al., the third case was published by Arts and Louette. The last case, in fact only a radiograph and a rather poor 3D CT reconstruction of a fracture of the anatomical neck of scapula, was published by Jeong and Zuckerman. Together with author’s two patients, the group of radiologically verified anatomical neck fractures of the scapula comprises six cases in total (four men, one woman, one gender unspecified). Analysis of the radiographs showed that in all these cases, the fracture line separated only the glenoid fossa from the scapular body, with a short spike of the lateral border of the scapula. The proximal part of the vertical fracture line ran into the coracoglenoid notch, between the upper border of the glenoid and the base of the coracoid process. The distal part of the fracture line crossed the lateral border of the scapular body 2–4 cm distal to the inferior pole of the glenoid fossa. The gleniod fragment was always formed by the glenoid fossa and a short spike of the lateral border of the scapular body. In five cases, the glenoid fragment, together with the humeral head, was displaced distally and the humeral head came to lie below the level of the coracoid process. At the same time, the glenoid fragment rotated into a valgus position. Only in one case, did the radiographs fail to show valgus displacement and the fracture was angulated in the transverse plane. In all six cases, the subacromial space between the acromion and the humeral head was widened. All fractures were operated on via a Judet posterior approach. In five cases, the outcome of the operation was assessed at 3, 5, 12, 21 and 120 months after surgery, three-being rated as excellent or very good, one as good and one as poor.     

Bilateral scapular fractures in adults

Purpose

Bilateral scapular fracture is a very rare injury. Most of these fractures result from electrical shock or epileptic seizure. We treated six patients with such injuries, all of them caused by direct violence. The aim of this study was to report on the patients and to present an overview of the cases published so far.

Methods

Between January 2011 and August 2012, we treated six patients with bilateral scapular fractures (four men and two women, age range 20–78 years). Another 11 cases were found in the literature. All cases were analysed in terms of injury mechanism, fracture pattern and the manner of diagnosis.

Results

Our six patients increased the total number of recorded cases to 17 and the number of patients with traumatic bilateral scapular fractures from four to ten. In five of our cases, the injuries were classified as being the result of high-energy trauma. Computed tomography (CT) examination of the affected scapulae was performed in all six cases, in five in combination with 3D CT reconstruction; in one polytraumatised female patient, only axial CT scans were obtained. In all five high-energy trauma cases, bilateral fracture of the scapular body was recorded, of which one was classified as open. Four of the 11 cases found in the literature were caused by direct violence: in six patients, the fractures resulted from muscle spasms associated with epileptiform seizure or electrical shock, and one patient suffered a pathological fracture associated with amyloidosis. The most frequently recorded fracture in all 17 patients (34 fractures) was of the scapular body, i.e. 24 fractures, followed by 12 fractures of the glenoid fossa.

Conclusion

According to data in the literature, bilateral scapular fracture is a rare injury. One reason may be that the potential incidence is often neglected. With the increasing number of patients with polytrauma, the potential for scapular fracture should always be taken into account, together with the fact that this injury may be bilateral. Of vital importance in diagnosing these injuries is CT scanning, including 3D CT reconstructions.     

Is radiograph glenopolar angle accurate for extraarticular scapular neck fractures?

BackgroundPlain radiographs still play a role in management of extraarticular scapular neck fractures. Glenopolar angle (GPA) is one of the radiograph measurements that is used to determine the necessity for surgery. Our aim was to establish reliability of GPA on plain radiograph in patients with extraarticular scapular neck fractures.MethodsWe performed a multicentre retrospective study including all patients with extraarticular scapular neck fractures with available imaging between 2006 and 2012. We excluded intra-articular glenoid fractures, scapular blade fractures, acromion fractures, and scapular spine fractures. We compared GPA on plain radiograph with three dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) measurement, as well as contribution of radiograph rotational error, glenoid inclination, and medial shortening of glenoid fragment towards GPA measurement.ResultsOne hundred patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean difference between the GPA measurements on radiographs and 3D CT was 6.1 ± 0.85° (95% confidence interval) as an absolute value. In terms of contribution to GPA values, GPA changed by one degree with ten degrees of radiograph rotational error, three degrees of glenoid inclination, and three millimetres of glenoid fragment medial shortening.ConclusionPlain radiograph can provide a clinician with a reasonable estimation of the GPA. Glenoid inclination has a greater influence on GPA compared to medial shortening.     

多层螺旋CT多平面重建及三维重建在肩胛骨骨折中的应用

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT（Multi-slice Spiral CT，MSCT）多平面重建和三维重建技术在肩胛骨骨折中的应用及临床价值。方法 26例肩胛骨骨折病人行MSCT扫描，图像经工作站处理后进行多平面重建和三维重建，由三位有经验的放射科医师共同阅片分析，统一评定。结果 本组26例均可以通过多平面重建和三维重建明确判断骨折情况。其中发现肩胛骨体部骨折18处，肩胛颈骨折8处，盂缘骨折9处，盂窝骨折5处，肩峰骨折11处，肩胛冈骨折4处，喙突骨折3处；同时合并肩关节脱位6例，合并锁骨骨折7例，合并多发肋骨骨折13例。多平面重建可多方位更全面地显示肩胛骨骨折的情况。三维重建能立体形象地显示肩胛骨骨折的范围和方向。结论 多层螺旋CT多平面重建及三维重建技术能清晰、直观地显示肩胛骨骨折情况。有利于临床诊断及治疗方案的确定。     

CT三维重建技术对肩胛骨骨折的诊断价值

目的：探讨螺旋CT三维表面遮盖法重建(surface shaded display，SSD)及容积重建技术(volume rendering technique，VRT)对肩胛骨骨折的诊断应用价值。方法：使用SIEMENS PLUS4螺旋CT机对20例肩胛骨骨折患者进行扫描，全部数据输入工作站进行SSD及VRT处理，并与X线、二维CT(2D CT)检查结果进行对照分析。结果：2D CT扫描的结果经临床与手术证实为临床诊断的重要依据，经统计学分析，X线检查及SSD的诊断准确率分别为94．44％和97．78％，假阴性率分别为17．65％和7．84％，X线检查的假阳性率为0．76％；VRT诊断正确率为100％。SSD、VRT检出骨折创伤的数量与X线、2D CT的结果差异无显著性意义，但是显示损伤的质量优于X线和2D CT。术后对8例进行3D CT复查，VRT能立体显示术后肩胛骨骨质及内固定物的形态与结构。结论：螺旋3DCT是诊断肩胛骨骨折的有效手段，可指导手术计划的制定和内固定物的选择，应作为诊断复杂性肩部骨折的首选方法。VRT对骨折术后内固定物的位置及复位效果的判断有较高的应用价值。     

不稳定肩胛骨骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨肩胛骨不稳定骨折的手术治疗。方法随访分析1999年1月至2004年1月收治的经手术治疗的16例不稳定肩胛骨骨折患．根据Hardegger分类方法，肩胛盂窝骨折4例、解剖颈骨折6例、外科颈骨折4例、粉碎性骨折2例。结果16例患有12例获得完整随访资料．随访时间3个月～4年，平均21月，采用Hardegger肩关节功能评定标准，优4例，良6例，可2例。优良率83．3％．平均骨折临床愈合时间8周。结论a)不稳定肩胛骨骨折畸形愈合严重影响肩关节功能，需行手术切开复位内固定治疗。b)对肩胛骨骨折治疗前需要进行全面的X线摄片检查和CT检查，以全面了解骨折情况，判断骨折的稳定性及有无手术指征。c)对有手术指征的不稳定肩胛骨骨折应根据不同骨折的部位和形态，选择相应的手术人路和内固定物进行手术治疗。     

三维CT重建在肩胛骨骨折中的应用

目的 探讨三维CT重建在肩胛骨骨折治疗中的指导意义。方法 7例肩胛骨粉碎性骨折患者接受x线、CT扫描、三维CT重建检查，对骨折的严重程度进行评估，并据此制定最佳治疗方案。结果 7例中，4例累及肩胛颈，2例累及肩胛颈和肩胛盂，1例伴锁骨骨折；6例接受手术治疗。所有患者均获得随访，随访时间3个月-2年6个月，骨折平均愈合时间7-10周，肩关节功能恢复良好。结论 三维CT重建能多方位、立体、全面地显示肩胛骨骨折部位、程度。对骨折手术方案的制定、手术人路和内固定的选择有很强的指导意义。     

Focussed classification of scapula fractures: Failure of the lateral scapula suspension system

Introduction

Following an increase in the incidence of scapular fractures and interest in the outcome of their treatment, a basic classification system was developed for ease of use in the emergency setting. It has been expanded to a comprehensive system to allow for more in-depth classification of scapular fractures for clinical research and surgical decision making. It focusses on three specific regions of the scapula: the scapular body, the glenoid fossa and the lateral scapular suspension system (LSSS). This article presents a classification of the LSSS involvement to better characterise the injuries of this region and to emphasise its relevance to evaluation of the position of the scapula, hence the glenoid fossa, and so the centre of rotation of the shoulder joint.

Methods

An iterative consensus and evaluation process comprising an international group of seven experienced shoulder specialist and orthopaedic trauma surgeons was used to specify and evaluate the failure of the LSSS associated with scapula fractures. This was supported by a series of agreement studies. The system considered lack of involvement (S0), incomplete (S1) and complete (S2) failure of the LSSS. The last evaluation was conducted on a consecutive collection of 120 scapula fractures documented by three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) reconstruction videos.

Results

Surgeons agreed on the involvement/failure of the LSSS in 47% of the 120 cases with an overall Kappa of 0.54. The sample most likely included 70 S0, 29 S1 and 21 S2 cases, where surgeons showed median classification accuracies of 93%, 71% and 80% for these categories, respectively. While two surgeons showed some uncertainty about their classification, the remaining surgeons only failed to identify LSSS failure in <20% of the cases. Kappa coefficients of reliability for classification of incomplete and complete LSSS involvement according to subcategories were 0.85 and 0.82, respectively.

Conclusion

While LSSS involvement can be reliably identified, its characterisation regarding complexity is problematic even with 3D CT images. The proposed LSSS system is considered clinically relevant and sufficient to further assess its role in treatment-decision processes and outcome prognosis.     

Fractures of the scapular neck: diagnosis,classifications and treatment

Purpose

Fractures of the scapular, or glenoid, neck are strongly debated in the relevant literature. Analysis of the respective studies, however, revealed a considerable confusion in terms of definition, terminology and diagnosis. In addition, there are few studies, primarily case reviews, dealing in detail with these fractures. The aim of this article is to present detailed information about fractures of the scapular neck, based on the analysis of our own experience and of the published literature.

Material and methods

Our group of 17 fractures of the scapular neck comprised 14 men and three women, with a mean age of 38 years (range, 24–55). The authors diagnosed four fractures of the anatomical neck, nine fractures of the surgical neck and five trans-spinous fractures of the neck. Of these 17 scapular neck fractures, six fractures were treated non-operatively, and 11 fractures were operated on via the posterior Judet approach. The mean follow-up was 4.9 years (range, 1–11).

Results

Fractures in all six non-operatively treated patients healed without complications in the anatomical position and with full function of the shoulder. In 11 operatively treated patients, all fractures of the scapula and clavicle healed within three months. In nine cases the function of the shoulder was subjectively and objectively assessed as normal, and in the remaining two cases as fair.

Conclusion

The term “scapular, or glenoid, neck” covers three different types of fractures, i.e., fracture of the anatomical neck, fracture of the surgical neck and trans-spinous neck fracture. Fractures of the surgical neck are divided into stable, fractures with rotational instability and fully unstable fractures, depending on the integrity of the coracocacromial and coracoclavicular ligaments. Accurate diagnosis of fractures of the scapular neck requires 3D CT reconstructions. Undisplaced or minimally displaced fractures may be treated non-operatively, markedly displaced fractures constitute an indication for osteosynthesis via the Judet approach.     

手术治疗肩胛骨骨折23例疗效分析

目的探讨手术治疗肩胛骨骨折的内固定方式及其疗效。方法手术治疗23例肩胛骨骨折患者,14例采用后方Judet入路,2例采用前后方联合入路,1例喙突骨折与2例盂部前方骨折采用前方入路,2例肩峰骨折采用骨折处直接切开,2例盂部后方骨折采用后方肩胛骨外缘直接切开。16例伴有肩胛骨多处骨折采用钢板螺钉固定,1例喙突骨折及2例关节盂骨折采用拉力螺钉固定,2例肩峰骨折分别采用克氏针和钢丝环扎,2例关节盂骨折采用可吸收螺钉固定。结果 21例获得随访,时间9～55个月。骨折均愈合。采用体格检查及肩关节Constant评分标准进行疗效评价:优11例,良7例,可2例,差1例。术后并发浅表感染1例,外展>90°时轻微疼痛2例,肩胛上神经卡压1例。结论对于达到手术指征的肩胛骨骨折,适合的手术入路及内固定可以达到满意治疗效果。     

手术治疗肩胛骨骨折23例临床分析

目的探讨肩胛骨骨折的手术适应证与手术复位内固定的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2000年11月-2006年10月手术治疗23例肩胛骨骨折患者临床资料,骨折位于肩胛冈6处,肩峰3处,肩胛盂6处,体部12处,颈部11处。采用肩胛骨腋窝缘入路15例,后入路8例。术后早期功能锻炼。结果本组均获随访,平均29.6（12-48）个月,X线片显示所有患者均于11（10-12）周达到临床愈合。肩关节功能评定：优15例,良5例,可2例,差1例,优良率为86.96%。发生创伤性关节炎1例,无切口感染和骨不连。结论手术治疗肩胛骨骨折能及时恢复肩关节的动力平衡和稳定性,是一种安全可靠的治疗方法;合理的运用手术入路和内固定方式,早期行功能锻炼,可取得满意的临床疗效。     

胸骨直型重建钢板内固定治疗Ⅴ型肩胛盂骨折

目的探讨胸骨直型重建钢板内固定治疗Ⅴ型肩胛盂骨折的疗效。方法采用胸骨直型重建钢板内固定治疗28例Ⅴ型肩胛盂骨折患者。末次随访时根据Neer评分标准评定肩关节功能。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~12个月。骨折均愈合,时间6~10个月。无畸形愈合,无创伤性关节炎、肩峰撞击征、冻结肩等并发症发生。末次随访时肩关节功能按Neer评分标准评定:优11例,良10例,可7例。结论采用胸骨直型重建钢板内固定治疗Ⅴ型肩胛盂骨折,术中塑形方便,可进行环形内固定,使固定更牢靠。     

外侧切口入路桥接组合式内固定治疗肩胛骨骨折

目的:探讨采用外侧切口入路桥接组合式内固定系统治疗肩胛骨骨折的临床效果。方法:2012年10月至2016年12月,采用外侧切口入路桥接组合式内固定系统治疗20例肩胛骨骨折,男15例,女5例;年龄21~52岁,平均31.6岁。肩胛体骨折14处,肩胛颈骨折10处,肩胛冈骨折6处,肩峰骨折1处,喙突骨折1处,盂缘骨折4处,盂窝骨折3处。手术时间为伤后4~15 d,平均10 d。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间3~24个月,平均15个月。术后2例发生伤口感染,经伤口清创、换药后愈合,无骨髓炎、医源性神经损伤、内固定松动断裂、骨折再移位、关节僵硬等并发症发生。术后3个月骨折部位可见骨痂生长,骨折愈合时间为4~7个月,骨折愈合良好,无延迟愈合或畸形愈合。肩关节功能评定采用Hardegger评定标准:优12例,良6例,可2例。结论:肩胛骨外侧切口入路术中操作方便,显露清楚,该切口可任意向两边延长,能为骨折的复位固定提供有利条件。桥接组合式内固定系统术中操作灵活,固定强度可靠,是一种治疗肩胛骨骨折的良好选择。     

Novel Claw-shaped Bone Plate in Complex Unstable Scapular Neck and Body Fractures: Comparison with Reconstruction Locking Plate

Objective

For complex and unstable scapular fractures requiring simultaneous fixation of the glenoid neck, the lateral margin of the body, and/or the scapular diaphysis, reconstruction locking plate is difficult to achieve satisfactory fixation. In order to optimize the fixation effect, the newly designed claw-shaped bone plate was designed for fixing such fractures. We also evaluate the clinical effects and follow-up at an average of 1 year after treatment in scapular internal fixation by using reconstruction locking plate and claw-shaped bone plate in complex unstable scapular body and glenoid neck fracture.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted from 2018 to 2021, thirty-three patients (27 males and six females) who were defined unstable scapular fractures by Ada–Miller. Fifteen patients (52.86 ± 8.26 years) received claw-shaped bone plate and 18 cases (51.61 ± 11.31 years) received reconstruction locking plate with the intermuscular approach. The clinical effect was evaluated based on the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, surgical complications, clinical healing time and Constant–Murley score (CMS). The data analysis by Student t, Mann–Whitney U test and Pearson's chi squared test.

Results

Compared with reconstruction locking plate, the claw-shaped bone plate showed shorter operation time (102.73 ± 18.43 min vs. 156 ± 37.53, P < 0.0001), higher CMS (94.00 ± 4.07 vs. 89.88 ± 5.42, P = 0.02) and no differences between the two groups regarding intraoperative blood loss (208.00 ± 96.45 mL vs. 269.44 ± 120.21, P = 0.12) and clinical healing times (9.96 ± 1.52 vs. 10.05 ± 1.67, P = 0.87). Follow-up were conducted at first, third, 6 and 12 months after surgery. The operation was successful in all patients with no intraoperative complications.

Conclusions

For the treatment of complex and unstable scapular neck body fractures, the application of claw-shaped bone plate demonstrated short operation time, better stability of the fracture block, and higher CMS. In the intraoperative and postoperative follow-up showed better clinical results and rehabilitation effects.     

改良Judet手术入路治疗复杂肩胛骨骨折

目的探讨改良Judet手术入路治疗复杂肩胛骨骨折的适应证及疗效。方法自1997年1月至2005年10月经改良Judet手术入路治疗肩胛骨骨折21例,其中男性15例,女性6例,平均年龄34岁（18～62岁）。根据Hardegger的分型方法,肩胛体部骨折11处、肩胛颈骨折10处、盂缘骨折8处、盂窝骨折7处、肩胛冈骨折9处、肩峰骨折6处。其中多部位复杂骨折15例,伴有腋神经损伤2例,肩胛上神经损伤4例。通过改良Judet手术入路,对不同类型的肩胛骨骨折使用重建钢板或拉力螺钉等固定。结果18例患者获得随访,随访时间6个月至4年,平均21个月。根据Rowe疗效评价标准,优12例,良3例,可2例,差1例,优良率为83％。结论改良Judet入路操作简单,暴露充分,大多数类型的肩胛骨骨折可通过改良Judet入路完成,尤其适用于肩胛体部骨折,肩胛颈骨折,肩胛冈骨折以及不存在喙突、前部肩胛盂骨折的多部位复杂骨折,经改良Judet入路行骨折复位内固定是肩胛骨骨折手术治疗的一种安全有效方法。     

Scapular neck fracture--the influence of permanent malalignment of the glenoid neck on clinical outcome

A scapular neck fracture is considered unstable if it is associated with an ipsilateral clavicular fracture or an acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation. Currently, it is recommended that stabilization of a disrupted shoulder girdle must be achieved through open reduction and internal fixation of the clavicular fracture or by reduction of the AC joint, without addressing the scapular neck. However, if the displaced glenoid neck is not simultaneously reduced, malalignment of the glenoid neck may persist. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the effect of associated shoulder girdle injury on glenoid displacement and the influence of glenoid malalignment on clinical outcome. Nineteen patients with scapular neck fractures were reviewed clinically and radiologically at a mean of 8 years (range 2–21 years) after injury. None of them has developed nonunion of the scapular neck, and only one showed radiological signs of mild degenerative joint disease. The glenopolar angle (GPA), which assesses the rotational malalignment of the glenoid about an anteroposterior axis perpendicular to the scapular plane on plain X-rays was measured less than 20° in six patients. Three of them had sustained an associated clavicular fracture or AC joint dislocation. The other 3 patients had permanent severe malalignment of the glenoid neck in the absence of an associated shoulder girdle injury. Five patients with GPA less than 20° complained of moderate or severe pain, whereas of the 13 patients with mild or no glenoid rotational displacement or medial displacement alone, 11 patients had no or mild pain, and only 2 had moderate or severe pain (P = 0.0095). Five patients presented with reduced activities of daily living, 4 of them had severe glenoid rotational displacement (P = 0.0173). Loss of motion was found in only 2 patients, and both had a severely displaced glenoid neck (P = 0.088). In conclusion, severe displacement of the glenoid neck may occur with or without associated fracture of the clavicle or dislocation of the AC joint and can be identified as a GPA less than 20°. Scapular neck fractures with such malalignment have a less favorable long-term outcome compared with otherwise comparable cases with absence of glenoid malalignment as measured with the glenopolar angle. Received: 16 February 2000     

Glenoid neck length in a healthy population and its association with scapular notching

BackgroundScapular notching is a radiographic finding associated with the use of a reverse shoulder prosthesis. The morphological characteristics of the glenoid neck have been scarcely explored as a relevant factor in relation to scapular notching. The objective of this study is to measure the length of the glenoid neck in a three-dimensional CT reconstruction of a healthy population and to simulate the scapular notching free range of motion for the “long neck” and for the “short neck” groups.MethodsCT scans of 214 shoulders were reviewed, excluding incomplete, poor quality, or altered studies. 100 CT scans were finally processed. The mean age was 51.7 years (SD 19.4; range, 15–84 years), with 49 female and 51 male patients. For each of the scapulae, four morphometric measurements were obtained: anterior glenoid neck (AGN), middle glenoid neck (MGN), posterior glenoid neck (PGN) and alternative posterior glenoid neck (aPGN). Using 3D software, we simulated a reverse shoulder prosthesis, and the scapular notching free range of motion was registered. Differences between measurements were evaluated with an unpaired t-test using StataIC16®. P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. The intraobserver and interobserver correlation was evaluated with the intraclass correlation coefficient.ResultsThe AGN measured 7.43 ± 2.52 mm (range, 1.72–13.3 mm); MGN measured 8.05 mm ± 1.93 (range, 2.92–13.2 mm); PGN measured 7.26 ± 2.6 mm (range, 2–13.4 mm); and aPGN measured 8.97 ± 2.3 mm (range, 4.08–15.4 mm). The scapular notching free range of motion for the “long neck” group was 74.98° ± 7.35 (range, 55–83°) and for the “short neck” group, it was 62.93° ± 6.84 (range, 45–70°) (p = 0.0004).ConclusionsMeasurement of posterior glenoid neck length exhibits excellent reliability and reproducibility, as well as being associated to the scapular notching free range of motion.Study designBasic, retrospective, CT images research.     

Epidemiology of scapular fractures Incidence and classification of 338 fractures

We have studied scapular fractures, with special reference to intraarticular glenoid fractures, during a 10-year period in 2 Swedish counties. There were 338 scapular fractures in 322 patients. The annual incidence was 10/10⁵ inhabitants, of which 30 percent affected the glenoid cavity. Out of 100 intraarticular glenoid fractures, 55 occurred in men and 45 in women. The mean age of the women at the time of fracture (64 years) was significantly higher than the mean age of men (49 years). The most common intraarticular glenoid fracture type was the anterior chip fragment fracture which, in about two-thirds of the cases, was associated with shoulder dislocation.     

肩关节悬吊复合体损伤的手术治疗策略

目的：探讨肩关节悬吊复合体（superior shoulder suspensory complex SSSC）损伤的特点和手术治疗策略。方法：回顾性分析2008年3月至2010年9月收治的SSSC损伤患者21例,男14例,女7例。年龄22—53岁,平均37．8岁。21例患者均接受手术治疗。根据AO肩胛骨骨折分型分为5型：A型肩胛骨体部骨折,6例,行重建接骨板固定;B型肩胛骨突起部骨折,3例,喙突骨折行空心拉力螺钉固定,肩峰骨折行张力带克氏针固定;C型肩胛颈骨折,2例,行重建接骨板固定：D型累及关节面的骨折（盂肱关节）,3例,行重建接骨板和空心螺钉或皮质骨螺钉固定;E型肩胛骨和同侧锁骨骨折,7例,锁骨干行重建接骨板固定,锁骨外1／3骨折行锁骨钩钢板固定,肩胛骨行重建接骨板和空心螺钉固定。结果：21例患者均获得10．2（6—18）个月随访,骨折全部愈合,平均愈合时间9．6（8～12）周。随访结果：ASES评分平均88．4（67～100）分;Hardegger疗效评价标准：优,13例;良,6例;可,2例;优良率达90．5％。结论：手术治疗可以恢复SSSC的完整性和稳定性,有利于发挥其维持上肢和躯干之间稳定性的作用,最大限度的恢复肩关节的功能。     

Scapular body fractures: Short-term results of surgical management with extended indications

IntroductionScapular body fractures represent less than 1% of all skeletal fractures. Operative criteria and risk factors for scapular fracture instability are well defined. Non-operative management of scapular body fractures show satisfactory results but with shortening and medialization of the scapular body. The aim of this study is to evaluate if surgical treatment will result in an improved quality of life and shoulder function compared to non-operative treatment on patients suffering from a scapular body fracture.Materials and MethodsFrom a total of 381 retrospectively identified scapular body fractures, we included 45 patients. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups: the surgical treatment (ST, n = 20) group and the non-operative treatment (NOT, n = 25) group. The Non-Union Scoring System (NUSS) was used to assess bone healing on radiographs. The functional evaluation of the two groups during the follow-up were performed using the Constant Shoulder Score (CSS) and the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score (QuickDASH). Complications, reoperation rates, and time until bony union were also documented. The minimum follow-up for this study was designated as 12 months.ResultsThe ST group had better mean CSS and QuickDASH scores compared to the NOT group at 1, 3 and 6 months of follow-up. No statistically significant difference was detected at 12 months follow-up. ST group also demonstrated improved results in time until bone union, reduction of rehabilitation time, complications and return to work rates.ConclusionThis study suggests that surgical treatment for extraarticular scapular fractures can achieve better short-term functional outcomes (3 to 6 months) compared to conservative treatment.